CN110739827B - Compound magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling - Google Patents
Compound magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN110739827B CN110739827B CN201910954585.3A CN201910954585A CN110739827B CN 110739827 B CN110739827 B CN 110739827B CN 201910954585 A CN201910954585 A CN 201910954585A CN 110739827 B CN110739827 B CN 110739827B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
- H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
- H02K49/106—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with a radial air gap
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite magnetic field modulation type magnetic coupling which comprises a radial structure and an axial structure, wherein the radial structure comprises two stators and three rotors which are coaxially sleeved, and the radial structure comprises an outer stator, an outer rotor, a middle rotor, an inner stator and an inner rotor from outside to inside in sequence; the inner surface of the outer stator is embedded with a permanent magnet; the surface of the inner rotor is provided with a copper ring. The basic working principle of the axial structure is consistent with the radial direction, and the difference is only that the magnetic field direction is changed from radial distribution to axial distribution. The invention can realize the conversion of fluctuating low-speed large-torque input into constant high-speed low-torque output, and is different from the prior structure in that the structure not only ensures high speed increasing ratio, but also has faster dynamic response, and has application prospect in a wind power generation system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, and particularly relates to a composite magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling.
Background
With the gradual consumption of non-renewable energy, the development of new energy technology is receiving more and more attention. Wind power is valued by the power industry because of its abundant global wind energy reserves and cleanliness and renewability, and is applied to the links of power production. In a traditional wind power generation system, a mechanical gear box is often needed to convert large torque and low rotating speed of a fan blade into output with high rotating speed and low torque so as to act on a generator; due to the instability of wind speed, the rotating speed of the generator fluctuates, so that the stability of the generating frequency is influenced, and an inverter is required to perform rectification and inversion to obtain electric energy with the same frequency as a power grid.
The traditional wind power generation system has the problem of frequent faults, the actual life cycle is far shorter than 20 years of design, and the maintenance and operation cost is high, so that the development of the wind power industry falls into a bottleneck period. The data show that over 75% of the failures are due to the mechanical gearbox and inverter. Firstly, the mechanical gear box is a mechanical device, and faults such as tooth breakage, staggered teeth and the like are easily caused due to frequent mechanical collision in the operation process, and regular lubrication is needed, but the maintenance and operation cost is undoubtedly increased; secondly, the inverter belongs to a precision instrument, and the electronic devices such as transistors in the inverter have extremely strict requirements on the operating environment, so that the inverter cannot work in the environment with high humidity and strong corrosivity for a long time. The two points all cause that wind power systems working in areas with rich wind energy resources, such as high mountains and open sea areas, face the problems of high maintenance cost and poor reliability.
Currently, a magnetic field modulated permanent magnet coupling arrangement has been proposed, as shown in fig. 1. The device comprises two rotors and a stator in the middle. The stator is formed by arranging magnetic conduction blocks and non-magnetic conduction materials at intervals along the circumference. Permanent magnets are attached to the inner surface of the outer rotor, the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, and a copper ring is arranged on the outer surface of the inner rotor. The outer rotor of the device is connected with the fan blade output shaft, and the inner rotor is connected with the rotating shaft of the generator, so that the functions of speed increasing and constant frequency can be realized simultaneously, and a mechanical gear and an inverter in a traditional system are replaced. The most significant problem of the device is that when the device is applied to high-power-level wind power generation, the size of the device is large, and the high speed-increasing ratio and the quick dynamic response cannot be achieved simultaneously. The high speed increasing ratio can cause the torque borne by the rotor to generate large fluctuation, so that the stability of the system is influenced; and the adoption of a smaller speed increasing ratio can cause the corresponding design of the size of the generator to be larger and the mechanical response speed to be slow. Therefore, the device cannot be applied to a high-power-level wind power generator, and the power density is far lower than that of a magnetic gear.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composite magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling, aiming at solving the technical defect that the higher the speed increasing ratio of the existing magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling is, the more remarkable the unstable factor is.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a composite radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling which comprises two stators and three rotors which are coaxially sleeved, wherein the outer stators, the outer rotors, the middle rotors, the inner stators and the inner rotors are sequentially arranged from outside to inside in the radial direction; permanent magnets are embedded in the inner surface of the outer stator, and the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the outer rotor is a closed annular structure which is formed by magnetic conduction blocks and non-magnetic conduction blocks uniformly and alternately along the circumference, and is also called as a modulation ring; the intermediate rotor is a permanent magnet array with a spoke structure and is formed by alternately arranging permanent magnets and adjacent magnetic conduction blocks along the circumferential direction, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is tangential along the circumference; the inner stator is a static magnetic conduction block array, the magnetic conduction block array is formed by independent magnetic conduction blocks and non-magnetic conduction materials alternately along the circumference, each magnetic conduction block is at a certain distance and is uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the non-magnetic conduction materials, such as air, are filled among the magnetic conduction blocks; the inner rotor is made of magnetic conductive material, and the outer surface is provided with a copper ring.
Further, the permanent magnet pole pair number P of the outer statorr1Number of outer rotor magnetic conduction blocks Zs1Number of pole pairs P of permanent magnets of interrotorr2Number of magnetic conductive blocks Z of inner stators2The following relationship is satisfied:
Pr1±Pr2＝Zs1
compared with the traditional magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling with a single stator and double rotors, the magnetic gear formed by the outer stator and the outer rotor and the magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling formed by the inner stator and the inner rotor realize mechanical coupling through the middle rotor of the spoke permanent magnet array, but the magnetic paths are mutually isolated, so that the performance cannot be influenced mutually. The magnetic gear composed of the outer stator, the outer rotor and the middle rotor has extremely high torque density and high speed increasing ratio, and the magnetic gear transmits the torque to the magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling composed of the middle rotor, the inner stator and the inner rotor through the middle rotor, so that further speed increasing and constant frequency effects are realized.
The invention also provides a composite axial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling which comprises two stators and three rotors which are coaxially sleeved, wherein the outer stators, the outer rotors, the middle rotors, the inner stators and the inner rotors are sequentially arranged from outside to inside in the axial direction; permanent magnets are embedded in the inner surface of the outer stator, and the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the outer rotor is a closed annular structure which is formed by magnetic conduction blocks and non-magnetic conduction blocks uniformly and alternately along the circumference, and is also called as a modulation ring; the intermediate rotor is a permanent magnet array with a spoke structure and is formed by alternately arranging permanent magnets and adjacent magnetic conduction blocks along the circumferential direction, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is tangential along the circumference; the inner stator is a static magnetic conduction block array, the magnetic conduction block array is formed by independent magnetic conduction blocks and non-magnetic conduction materials alternately along the circumference, each magnetic conduction block is at a certain distance and is uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the non-magnetic conduction materials, such as air, are filled among the magnetic conduction blocks; the inner rotor is made of magnetic conductive material, and the outer surface is provided with a copper ring.
Further, the permanent magnet pole pair number P of the outer statorr1Number of outer rotor magnetic conduction blocks Zs1Number of pole pairs P of permanent magnets of interrotorr2Number of magnetic conductive blocks Z of inner stators2The following relationship is satisfied:
Pr1±Pr2＝Zs1
through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention combines the advantages of extremely high torque density of the magnetic gear and variable speed and constant frequency of the magnetic coupling modulated by the magnetic field, theoretically, the rotor with less permanent magnets in the magnetic gear and the permanent magnet rotor of the magnetic coupling modulated by the magnetic field are designed into the same pole pair number, the combination of the rotor and the permanent magnet rotor in the magnetic coupling modulated by the magnetic field can be realized on the mechanical structure, the working magnetic fields of the two structures do not interfere with each other, the middle rotor adopts a spoke type permanent magnet array, the permanent magnets are magnetized tangentially along the circumferential direction, the magnetic fields are respectively generated in the air gaps at the two sides of the middle rotor, and the working magnetic fields with different pole pair numbers are generated through the modulation action of. Because the magnetic fields of different pole pairs do not interact with each other, the magnetic circuits on the two sides of the middle rotor are isolated;
2. the spoke type permanent magnet array of the middle rotor has a magnetism gathering effect, two permanent magnets with opposite magnetizing directions are arranged on two sides of each magnetic conduction block, magnetic chains generated by the two permanent magnets act together, a radial magnetic field in a certain direction is generated in an air gap through the magnetic conduction blocks, and compared with surface-mounted permanent magnets, the radial magnetic field in the certain direction is generated only by one permanent magnet;
3. the magnetic gear structure formed by the outer stator, the outer rotor and the middle rotor has a high speed-increasing ratio, low-speed input torque can be effectively converted into low-middle torque input with high rotating speed, and the magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling formed by the middle rotor, the inner stator and the inner rotor can further improve and stabilize the rotating speed, so that the magnetic gear structure has the high speed-increasing ratio, the design volume of a subsequent generator is greatly reduced, and the volume and the manufacturing cost of the whole system are reduced;
4. in the composite magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling provided by the invention, the inner rotor is positioned at the innermost side and has smaller torque inertia, so that the mechanical response speed is high, the system is favorable for stable and quick starting and response of rotating speed fluctuation, and meanwhile, the magnetic gear structure at the outer side has a large speed increasing ratio, so that the speed increasing ratio of the magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling at the inner side does not need to be large, and the problems of unstable torque and poor dynamic response caused by the high speed increasing ratio in a high-power occasion are avoided, so that the composite magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling has quick response capability and high stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional magnetic field modulating magnetic coupling;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural detail view of an outer rotor in the composite radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a detailed schematic diagram of a structure of an intermediate rotor in the composite radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural detail view of an inner rotor in the composite radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite axial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the attached drawings are marked as follows:
1. outer stator, 2, outer rotor, 3, middle rotor, 4, inner stator, 5, inner rotor, 6, pivot.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling, which includes an outer rotor 2, an inner stator 4, an inner rotor 5, and a rotating shaft 6. All stator and rotor structures are coaxial. The outer rotor 2 is made of magnetic conductive material, permanent magnets magnetized in the radial direction are installed on the inner surface of the outer rotor, and the excitation directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the inner stator 4 is a magnetic conduction block array which is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the gap is filled with non-magnetic conduction materials such as the most common air; the copper ring is arranged on the surface of the inner rotor 5, and the inner rotor 5 is made of magnetic conductive materials.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, which includes an outer stator 1, an outer rotor 2, an intermediate rotor 3, an inner stator 4, an inner rotor 5, and a rotating shaft 6. The inner surface of the outer stator 1 is provided with permanent magnets, the permanent magnets are magnetized in the radial direction, and the magnetizing directions of adjacent magnets are opposite. The outer rotor 2 is formed by a closed ring structure, also called a modulation ring, which is formed by magnetic conductive blocks and non-magnetic conductive blocks made of magnetic conductive material uniformly and alternately along the circumference, as shown in fig. 3. In this embodiment, the outer rotor 2 is connected with the fan blade output shaft. The intermediate rotor 3 is formed by magnetic conductive blocks (e.g., silicon steel blocks) and permanent magnets which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction at intervals, as shown in fig. 4, the permanent magnets between each magnetic conductive block are excited tangentially along the circumference, and the N poles and the S poles are alternately arranged. The inner stator 4 is an array of magnetic conductive blocks, each magnetic conductive block is evenly distributed along the circumference, and the gaps are filled with non-magnetic conductive materials, such as air. The outer surface of the inner rotor 5 is provided with a copper ring, as shown in fig. 5. The shaft 6, in this embodiment, is connected to the generator shaft.
The number of pole pairs P of the permanent magnet of the outer stator 1 in the inventionr1Number of modulation blocks Z of outer rotor 2s1Intermediate rotor 3 permanent magnet Pr2Number of modulation blocks Z of inner stator 4s2There are many possibilities, but the following relationship is to be satisfied:
Pr1±Pr2＝Zs1
in this embodiment, the outer stator 1 has 60 permanent magnets (the number of pole pairs is 30), the outer rotor 2 has 36 magnetic conductive blocks, and the intermediate rotor 4 has 8 magnetic conductive blocks.
In embodiment 1, a radial structure is adopted, and an axial structure, namely embodiment 2, is adopted, the structural schematic diagram is shown in fig. 6, the basic working principle is consistent with the radial direction, and the difference is only that the magnetic field direction is changed from the radial distribution to the axial distribution.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A composite radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling is characterized by comprising two stators and three rotors which are coaxially sleeved, wherein the stators are an outer stator, an outer rotor, a middle rotor, an inner stator and an inner rotor in sequence from outside to inside in the radial direction; the inner surface of the outer stator is embedded with a permanent magnet; a copper ring is arranged on the surface of the inner rotor; the middle rotor is a permanent magnet array with a spoke structure and is formed by permanent magnets and adjacent magnetic conduction blocks alternately along the circumference, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is tangential along the circumference.
2. A composite radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjacent permanent magnets on the inner surface of the outer stator have opposite polarities, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets is radial.
3. The composite type radial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor is a rotating modulation ring, and the modulation ring is a closed ring structure formed by alternately magnetic blocks and non-magnetic blocks; the inner stator is a static magnetic conduction block array, the magnetic conduction block array is formed by independent magnetic conduction blocks and non-magnetic conduction materials alternately along the circumference, and the non-magnetic conduction materials are filled between the adjacent magnetic conduction blocks.
4. A compound radial field modulated magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet pole pair number P of the outer statorr1Number of outer rotor magnetic conduction blocks Zs1Number of pole pairs P of permanent magnets of interrotorr2Number of magnetic conductive blocks Z of inner stators2The following relationship is satisfied:
Pr1±Pr2＝Zs1
5. a composite axial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling is characterized by comprising two stators and three rotors which are coaxially sleeved, wherein the outer stators, the outer rotors, the middle rotors, the inner stators and the inner rotors are sequentially arranged from outside to inside in the axial direction; a permanent magnet is embedded in the inner side of the outer stator; a copper ring is arranged on the surface of the inner rotor; the middle rotor is a permanent magnet array with a spoke structure and is formed by permanent magnets and adjacent magnetic conduction blocks alternately along the circumference, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is tangential along the circumference.
6. The compound axial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling of claim 5, wherein the adjacent permanent magnets on the inner surface of the outer stator have opposite polarities, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is radial.
7. The composite axial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling of claim 5, wherein the outer rotor is a rotating modulation ring, and the modulation ring is a closed ring structure formed by alternating magnetic blocks and non-magnetic blocks; the inner stator is a static magnetic conduction block array, the magnetic conduction block array is formed by independent magnetic conduction blocks and non-magnetic conduction materials alternately along the circumference, and the non-magnetic conduction materials are filled between the adjacent magnetic conduction blocks.
8. A compound axial magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 5, wherein the permanent magnet pole pair number P of the outer statorr1Number of outer rotor magnetic conduction blocks Zs1Number of pole pairs P of permanent magnets of interrotorr2Number of magnetic conductive blocks Z of inner stators2The following relationship is satisfied:
Pr1±Pr2＝Zs1
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| CN201910954585.3A CN110739827B (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Compound magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling |
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| CN201910954585.3A CN110739827B (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Compound magnetic field modulation magnetic coupling |
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| JP5408355B2 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2014-02-05 | 日立金属株式会社 | Magnetic gear device and holding member |
| WO2013130936A2 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-06 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Magnetic gears, and related systems and methods |
| CN104333197A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-04 | 燕山大学 | Electromechanical integration magnetic field modulation type magnetic gear |
| CN106787609B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-11-02 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of magnetic field modulation type magnetic-gear of high torque density |
| CN110048568A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏大学 | A kind of outer rotor vernier motor for electric vehicle-magnetic gear compound machine |
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