CN110735728B - 适用发动机稀燃NOx捕集技术的进气氧含量控制*** - Google Patents

适用发动机稀燃NOx捕集技术的进气氧含量控制*** Download PDF

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CN110735728B
CN110735728B CN201911022884.XA CN201911022884A CN110735728B CN 110735728 B CN110735728 B CN 110735728B CN 201911022884 A CN201911022884 A CN 201911022884A CN 110735728 B CN110735728 B CN 110735728B
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刘海峰
王灿
刘明超
尧命发
郑尊清
王浒
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

本发明公开了适用发动机稀燃NOX捕集技术的进气氧含量控制***，该***采用废气涡轮增压装置为富氧膜提供压力差产生富氧贫氧气体，通过调节流量控制阀开度来控制不同气缸的进气氧含量，从而配合稀燃NOX捕集***的稀燃、富燃循环。在稀燃循环中，四个气缸均通入富氧气体，可使燃烧更完全，提高热效率及燃油经济性；在富燃循环中，向其中一个气缸内通入贫氧气体，其他三缸通入空气或浓度较低的富氧气体，则仅需较少的燃油便可营造还原氛围实现稀燃NOX捕集装置中NOX的释放还原，从而降低燃油消耗并保证其他三缸的输出功率。

Description

适用发动机稀燃NOx捕集技术的进气氧含量控制***
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机领域，尤其涉及一种适用发动机稀燃NOX捕集技术的进气氧含量控制***。
背景技术
发动机的发展面临着排放法规及CO2法规的巨大挑战，需要更加高效清洁。发动机通过缸内燃料的燃烧将热能转化成机械能来输出动力，发动机热效率的进一步提高会使缸内温度增加，提供了NOX生成所需的高温条件，从而造成NOX大量排放。NOX对人体健康有害，并且是形成光化学烟雾的主要因素之一，因此有必要在提升发动机热效率的同时控制NOX排放。发动机富氧燃烧可以改善传统燃烧的局部缺氧问题，使燃料燃烧更加充分，并提高火焰温度及火焰传播速度，从而提高热效率及燃油经济性，但富氧燃烧会升高缸内温度而增加NOX排放。此外，大多数富氧燃烧发动机中的富氮气体未能有效利用。
稀燃NOX捕集技术是降低NOX排放的一种有效后处理技术，通过使发动机周期性进行稀燃和富燃为稀燃NOX捕集装置营造氧化和还原氛围，在氧化氛围中，催化剂使NOX存储为硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐，在还原氛围中，将NOX释放出来还原为无害的N2并排出。在合适的温度范围内，稀燃NOX捕集技术对NOX的去除率高达95％，但需要多喷燃料来进行还原反应，造成燃油消耗上升。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服富氧燃烧技术及稀燃NOX捕集技术的不足，提供一种适用发动机稀燃NOX捕集技术的进气氧含量控制***，通过控制不同气缸进气的氧含量，并结合稀燃NOX捕集技术，控制富氧燃烧的NOX排放并降低稀燃NOX捕集后处理***还原反应的燃油消耗。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
适用发动机稀燃NOX捕集技术的进气氧含量控制***，包括废气涡轮增压***、进气***、稀燃NOX捕集后处理***和控制***；
所述的废气涡轮增压***包括涡轮机，所述的涡轮机的转轴与压气机转轴同轴线固定相连；
所述的进气***包括安装在进气管上的空气滤清器，所述的空气滤清器进口连通大气，位于所述的空气滤清器排气侧的进气管与压气机进气口连通，所述的压气机的出气口与三个支路的进口连通，第一条支路出口与富氧膜的进气口相连，空气通过所述的富氧膜后产生富氧和贫氧气体，所述的富氧膜的富氧出口通过富氧支路与富氧气体混合室连通，所述的富氧气体混合室的出口通过进气歧管与四个气缸相连，在与左边第一个气缸连通的进气歧管上设置有混合气体流量控制阀；
所述的富氧膜的贫氧出口通过贫氧支路依次连接贫氧气体排气管道的进口、贫氧气体混合室以及位于混合气体流量控制阀出口处且与左边第一个气缸连通的进气歧管，在所述的贫氧气体排气管道上安装有贫氧气体流量控制阀；
第二条支路沿空气流动方向依次连接第一空气流量控制阀以及位于所述的贫氧气体排气管道进气口和贫氧气体混合室之间的贫氧支路，第二条支路流通的空气与贫氧气体在所述的贫氧气体混合室中进行混合；第三条支路沿空气流动方向依次连接空气排气管道的进气口以及位于富氧气体混合室和富氧膜的富氧出口之间的富氧支路，在所述的空气排气管道上安装有第二空气流量控制阀，第三条支路流通的空气与富氧气体在所述的富氧气体混合室中进行混合；
所述的稀燃NOX捕集后处理***包括沿气缸排气方向依次设置在发动机排气管上的氧气传感器以及稀燃NOX捕集装置，所述的涡轮机进气口与位于所述的稀燃NOX捕集后处理***进气侧的发动机排气管连通；
所述的控制***包括控制单元ECU，所述的控制单元ECU分别通过控制线与发动机、第一空气流量控制阀、第二空气流量控制阀、贫氧气体流量控制阀、混合气体流量控制阀以及氧气传感器连接，所述控制单元ECU采集发动机工况信号以及氧气传感器输出的排气中的氧气浓度信号，生成各个流量控制阀的开度信号。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
在稀燃NOX捕集需要的稀燃循环中，四个气缸均通入富氧气体，可使燃料燃烧更完全，提高热效率及燃油经济性；同时稀燃NOX捕集后处理***的使用解决了富氧燃烧带来的NOX排放升高问题；
在稀燃NOX捕集需要的富燃循环中，在其中一个气缸内通入贫氧气体，其他三缸通入空气或浓度较低的富氧气体，则仅需较少的燃油便可营造还原氛围来实现稀燃NOX捕集中NOX的释放还原，从而降低燃油消耗并保证其他三缸的输出功率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种适用发动机稀燃NOX捕集技术的进气氧含量控制***的结构示意图。
图2为申请号为CN201010562656.4的中国专利《用于减少NOx突破的***和方法》中公开的稀燃NOx捕集装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所提到的方向和位置用语，例如左边，上方，下方等，仅是参考附图的方向或位置。因此，使用的方向和位置用语是用以说明及理解本发明，而非对本发明保护范围的限制。
如附图所示的本发明的适用发动机稀燃NOX捕集技术的进气氧含量控制***，包括废气涡轮增压***、进气***、稀燃NOX捕集后处理***和控制***；
所述的废气涡轮增压***包括涡轮机15，所述的涡轮机15的转轴与压气机16转轴同轴线固定相连；
所述的进气***包括安装在进气管2上的空气滤清器1，所述的空气滤清器1进口连通大气。位于所述的空气滤清器1排气侧的进气管2与压气机16进气口连通。所述的压气机16 的出气口与三个支路的进口连通，第一条支路出口与富氧膜3的进气口相连，空气通过所述的富氧膜3后产生富氧和贫氧气体，所述的富氧膜3的富氧出口通过富氧支路与富氧气体混合室9连通，所述的富氧气体混合室9的出口通过进气歧管11与四个气缸相连，在与左边第一个气缸连通的进气歧管上设置有混合气体流量控制阀12。
所述的富氧膜3的贫氧出口通过贫氧支路依次连接贫氧气体排气管道8的进口、贫氧气体混合室10以及位于混合气体流量控制阀12出口处且与左边第一个气缸连通的进气歧管，在所述的贫氧气体排气管道8上安装有贫氧气体流量控制阀7。
第二条支路沿空气流动方向依次连接第一空气流量控制阀4以及位于所述的贫氧气体排气管道8进气口和贫氧气体混合室10之间的贫氧支路，第二条支路流通的空气与贫氧气体在所述的贫氧气体混合室10中进行混合；第三条支路沿空气流动方向依次连接空气排气管道5 的进气口以及位于富氧气体混合室9和富氧膜3的富氧出口之间的富氧支路。在所述的空气排气管道5上安装有第二空气流量控制阀6。第三条支路流通的空气与富氧气体在所述的富氧气体混合室9中进行混合。
所述的稀燃NOX捕集后处理***包括沿气缸排气方向依次设置在发动机排气管14上的氧气传感器17以及稀燃NOX捕集装置18。所述的涡轮机15进气口与位于所述的稀燃NOX捕集后处理***进气侧的发动机排气管14连通。排气通过所述的涡轮机15后，经过所述的氧气传感器17，进入所述的稀燃NOX捕集装置18，NOX被还原为N2后排入大气。所述的稀燃NOX捕集装置18采用现有结构即可，如申请号为CN201010562656.4的的中国专利《用于减少NOx突破的***和方法》中公开的由外壳1、核2、载体涂层3及催化剂4组成的结构。
所述的控制***包括控制单元ECU19，所述的控制单元ECU19分别通过控制线与发动机、第一空气流量控制阀4、第二空气流量控制阀6、贫氧气体流量控制阀7、混合气体流量控制阀12以及氧气传感器17连接，所述控制单元ECU采集发动机工况信号以及氧气传感器17 输出的排气中的氧气浓度信号，生成各个流量控制阀的开度信号。
其中，在所述的稀燃NOX捕集装置18需要的稀燃循环中，贫氧气体流量控制阀7全开，左边第一个气缸进气歧管中的混合气体流量控制阀12全开，与贫氧气体进行混合的第二支路的空气流量控制阀4关闭，ECU根据发动机工况信号判断气缸内所需氧浓度，生成与富氧气体连通的第三支路的第二空气流量控制阀6的开度信号，从而为四个气缸提供适宜氧浓度的进气。
其中，在所述的稀燃NOX捕集装置18需要的富燃循环中，混合气体流量控制阀12关闭，所述的ECU19根据发动机工况信号及排气中的氧气浓度信号计算左边第一个气缸与其余三缸所需的氧浓度，生成各个流量控制阀的开度信号，使左边第一个气缸内进行贫氧燃烧(即富燃)，其余三个气缸内燃料与空气或浓度较低的富氧气体进行燃烧。

Claims (1)

1.适用发动机稀燃NOX捕集技术的进气氧含量控制***，包括废气涡轮增压***、进气***、稀燃NOX捕集后处理***和控制***；所述的废气涡轮增压***包括涡轮机，所述的涡轮机的转轴与压气机转轴同轴线固定相连，其特征在于；
所述的进气***包括安装在进气管上的空气滤清器，所述的空气滤清器进口连通大气，位于所述的空气滤清器排气侧的进气管与压气机进气口连通，所述的压气机的出气口与三个支路的进口连通，第一条支路出口与富氧膜的进气口相连，空气通过所述的富氧膜后产生富氧和贫氧气体，所述的富氧膜的富氧出口通过富氧支路与富氧气体混合室连通，所述的富氧气体混合室的出口通过进气歧管与四个气缸相连，在与左边第一个气缸连通的进气歧管上设置有混合气体流量控制阀；
所述的富氧膜的贫氧出口通过贫氧支路依次连接贫氧气体排气管道的进口、贫氧气体混合室以及位于混合气体流量控制阀出口处且与左边第一个气缸连通的进气歧管，在所述的贫氧气体排气管道上安装有贫氧气体流量控制阀；
第二条支路沿空气流动方向依次连接第一空气流量控制阀以及位于所述的贫氧气体排气管道进气口和贫氧气体混合室之间的贫氧支路，第二条支路流通的空气与贫氧气体在所述的贫氧气体混合室中进行混合；第三条支路沿空气流动方向依次连接空气排气管道的进气口以及位于富氧气体混合室和富氧膜的富氧出口之间的富氧支路，在所述的空气排气管道上安装有第二空气流量控制阀，第三条支路流通的空气与富氧气体在所述的富氧气体混合室中进行混合；
所述的稀燃NOX捕集后处理***包括沿气缸排气方向依次设置在发动机排气管上的氧气传感器以及稀燃NOX捕集装置，所述的涡轮机进气口与位于所述的稀燃NOX捕集后处理***进气侧的发动机排气管连通；
所述的控制***包括控制单元ECU，所述的控制单元ECU分别通过控制线与发动机、第一空气流量控制阀、第二空气流量控制阀、贫氧气体流量控制阀、混合气体流量控制阀以及氧气传感器连接，所述控制单元ECU采集发动机工况信号以及氧气传感器输出的排气中的氧气浓度信号，生成各个流量控制阀的开度信号。
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