CN110731379B - Grain drying device - Google Patents
Grain drying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110731379B CN110731379B CN201911110074.XA CN201911110074A CN110731379B CN 110731379 B CN110731379 B CN 110731379B CN 201911110074 A CN201911110074 A CN 201911110074A CN 110731379 B CN110731379 B CN 110731379B
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 158
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 12
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of grain drying, and discloses a grain drying device, which comprises a drying box, a feeding mechanism, a discharging mechanism, an air inlet box, a heating device and an air outlet box, wherein the drying box is used for heating and drying grains, a plurality of drying layers are arranged in the drying box, each single-layer drying layer comprises a plurality of air inlet angle boxes and air outlet angle boxes which are horizontally arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drying box, the drying box adopts a transverse flow type bidirectional ventilation structure, and the air inlet angle boxes and the air outlet angle boxes are arranged in parallel, so that the grains in the drying box are heated more uniformly; the grain discharging speed is controlled by the discharging mechanism, so that the drying time and the dewatering rate of grains in the drying box are controlled. Compared with the prior art, the grain drying device provided by the invention can be used for continuously drying low-moisture grains and circularly drying high-moisture grains, and can be suitable for diversified drying requirements of different areas, different moisture and different grain varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grain drying, in particular to a grain drying device.
Background
In recent years, mechanical grain drying in China is rapidly developed and applied, and the grain dryer is widely applied to grain collection, storage, processing, circulation enterprises, cooperation and large grain breeder households, and also effectively solves the problem of mildew loss caused by insufficient airing in the grain collection and storage process.
The grain needs to consume a large amount of fuel in the drying process, the existing dryer in China is mainly based on coal and biomass pellet fuel, the coal (biomass) hot blast stove is matched, the general heat efficiency is low, the temperature fluctuation of the hot blast is large, the temperature field in the dryer is unevenly distributed, and the drying efficiency and the quality of the dried grain can be seriously affected. In addition, the fuel burns to generate a large amount of waste gas, which causes serious pollution to the environment and does not meet the overall requirements of the national construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Therefore, development and application of novel efficient energy-saving emission-reducing dryer equipment are imperative.
The existing grain drying mode in China mainly comprises concentrated drying, a large quantity of grains are required to be concentrated before operation, but the grains with high moisture are not suitable for long-term stacking and storage, especially in the regions with high temperature and high humidity in the south, the harvested grains need to be immediately dried, and otherwise, the grains are extremely easy to heat and mildew. The existing grain drying equipment mainly comprises hot air drying, and has two types of high-temperature continuous type and low-temperature circulating type:
1. the high-temperature continuous dryer mainly treats high-moisture corns in northern areas, can dry corns with a precipitation amplitude of not more than 20% for one time to safely store moisture, has higher drying efficiency, but cannot realize effective monitoring and accurate control in the whole drying process due to long residence time of the corns in the dryer, belongs to rough operation management, and has difficult guarantee of quality after drying;
2. the low-temperature circulating dryer is mainly used for treating high-moisture rice in southern areas, quality after drying is guaranteed by controlling the temperature of hot air and the precipitation rate of grains, when the hot air passes through the grains, the drying temperature field is often unevenly distributed, so that drying efficiency is low, the high-moisture grains can reach required moisture after being dried for many times, drying time is long, when the treatment capacity is large, a plurality of dryers are also needed to be used in a combined mode, occupied area is large, and construction investment cost is high.
Based on the drawbacks of the two dryer types, a new type of dryer is needed to solve the practical problems encountered in the existing grain drying process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: to the above-mentioned high temperature continuous dryer and low temperature circulation formula dryer's not enough, provide a inside temperature field distributes evenly, can carry out continuous drying treatment to low moisture cereal, also can carry out circulation drying treatment's cereal drying device to high moisture cereal to adapt to the diversified stoving demand of different areas, different moisture, different cereal varieties.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
grain drying apparatus includes:
the drying box is used for heating and drying grains, the top of the drying box is provided with a buffer part with the length corresponding to the drying box, the top and the bottom of the drying box are respectively of an opening structure, the front side and the rear side of the drying box are respectively provided with an air inlet plate and an air outlet plate, a plurality of layers of drying layers are arranged in the drying box, a single layer of drying layers comprise a plurality of air inlet angle boxes and air outlet angle boxes which are horizontally arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drying box, the single air inlet angle boxes and the single air outlet angle boxes between adjacent drying layers are aligned one by one, the bottoms of the air inlet angle boxes and the air outlet angle boxes are of an opening structure, the tops of the air inlet angle boxes and the air outlet angle boxes are of inverted V-shaped structures, the two sides of the air inlet angle boxes are punched screen plates, the ends of the air inlet angle boxes are respectively provided with one end opening and one end of the air outlet plate are closed, the aperture of the punched screen plates is smaller than the minimum grain diameter, the opening ends of the air inlet angle boxes are respectively fixed on the air inlet plates, the closed ends of the air inlet angle boxes are respectively fixed on the air inlet plates, the air inlet plates are respectively corresponding to the opening ends of the air inlet angle boxes, and the air outlet boxes are respectively fixed on the air inlet plates;
the feeding mechanism is communicated with the drying box, and the discharging end of the feeding mechanism is positioned at the top of the drying box and is used for conveying grains to be dried into the drying box for drying;
the discharging mechanism is positioned at the bottom of the drying box, the discharging end of the discharging mechanism is provided with an end discharging valve and is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding mechanism, and the discharging mechanism is used for directly discharging grains discharged from the drying box from the discharging valve or conveying the grains to the feeding mechanism, and the grains are conveyed into the drying box again through the feeding mechanism for cyclic drying;
the air inlet box is fixed on the air inlet plate and is respectively communicated with the air inlet angle box and is used for conveying hot air required by grain drying into the drying box;
the heating device is positioned at one side of the drying device and is used for heating the inlet air of the air inlet box to provide heat energy for grain drying;
the air outlet box is positioned on the air outlet plate and is respectively communicated with the air outlet angle-shaped box and used for discharging exhaust gas after grain drying, and a plurality of mixed flow fans used for exhausting air are arranged on the air outlet box.
Further, the feeding mechanism comprises a vertically arranged lifting mechanism and a parallel feeding auger;
the bottom of the lifting mechanism is provided with a grain feeding hopper for receiving grains to be dried, and the top of the lifting mechanism is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding auger and is used for lifting the grains to be dried to the feeding end of the feeding auger;
the feeding auger penetrates through the buffer storage portion and is horizontally arranged right above the drying cabinet along the length direction of the drying cabinet, a feeding groove corresponding to the feeding auger is arranged in the buffer storage portion, a discharging opening corresponding to the drying cabinet is arranged at the bottom of the feeding groove along the length direction, the feeding auger is used for conveying grains from the lifting mechanism along the feeding groove direction, and the grains in the feeding groove vertically fall from the discharging opening by means of dead weight and enter the drying cabinet after passing through the buffer storage portion.
Further, the discharging mechanism includes:
the V-shaped discharging hopper is arranged right below the drying box along the length direction of the drying box (1), the length of the V-shaped discharging hopper corresponds to the length of the drying box and is used for collecting grains dried by the drying box, and the bottom of the drying box is provided with side plates for sealing two ends of the V-shaped discharging hopper;
the discharging auger is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped discharging hopper along the length direction of the discharging hopper and is used for conveying the grains dried by the drying box to the feeding end of the lifting mechanism;
the discharging and guiding assembly is positioned between the drying box and the V-shaped discharging hopper and is used for connecting the drying box and the V-shaped discharging hopper and guiding grains.
Further, the heat supply device is an air energy heat pump heat supply device and comprises an integrated air compressor, an evaporator, an expansion mechanism and related accessories, wherein the air energy heat pump heat supply device converts low-level heat energy in air into high-level heat energy to heat the inlet air of the air inlet box.
Further, a plurality of air inlets are formed in the air inlet box, a condenser is arranged at the air inlet, and the condenser is connected with the air energy heat pump heating device through a pipeline.
Further, the air outlet box is communicated with the lifting mechanism through a dust removing pipeline and is used for sucking dust and light impurities in grains during feeding.
Further, the bottom of the V-shaped discharging hopper is provided with a movable turning plate for removing grains remained at the bottom of the discharging hopper after the machine is stopped.
Further, the discharge valve may be disposed at a feed end of the feed auger.
Further, the size of the feed opening at the bottom of the feed chute is adjustable.
Further, the bottom of the drying device is also provided with a base, and the bottom of the base is provided with a universal wheel with a self-locking function.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the drying box adopts a cross flow type bidirectional ventilation structure, and a plurality of air inlet angle-shaped boxes and air outlet angle-shaped boxes are arranged in parallel, so that grains in the drying box are heated more uniformly; the grain discharging speed is controlled by the discharging mechanism, so that the drying time and the dewatering rate of grains in the drying box are controlled. Compared with the prior art, the grain drying device provided by the invention can be used for continuously drying low-moisture grains and circularly drying high-moisture grains, and can be suitable for diversified drying requirements of different areas, different moisture and different grain varieties.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention,
figure 2 is a rear perspective view of figure 1,
fig. 3 is a perspective view of the portion of the outer plate of the air inlet box 5, the condenser 8 and the buffer section 2, with portions of the outer plate removed, on the basis of fig. 1, with emphasis on the assembly position of the drying box 1,
figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the drying oven 1,
figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the inlet and outlet horns 13 and 14,
figure 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the lifting mechanism 31,
figure 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the discharge mechanism 4,
figure 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of i of figure 7,
figure 9 is a right side view of figure 7 and a cross-sectional view of B-B,
figure 10 is an enlarged view of part of ii in figure 9,
figure 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the discharging lower inclined plate 4511 in figure 10,
figure 12 is a top view of feed chute 21,
the reference numerals are as follows:
the drying oven 1, the air inlet plate 11, the air outlet plate 12, the air inlet horn 13, the air outlet horn 14, the buffer part 2, the feed chute 21, the feed opening 211, the feed mechanism 3, the lifting mechanism 31, the first gear motor 311, the elevator driving wheel 312, the driven wheel 313, the feed auger driving wheel 314, the first conveyor 315, the grab 316, the impurity removal gate 317, the feed auger 32, the first pulley 321, the guide hopper 322, the grain feed hopper 33, the discharge mechanism 4, the V-shaped discharge hopper 41, the discharge chute 411, the side plate 42, the service opening 421, the discharge auger 43, the second pulley 431, the second gear motor 44, the discharge auger driving wheel 441, the discharge guide assembly 45, the first V-shaped accumulation groove 451, the discharge lower inclined plate 4511, the inverted V-shaped guide plate 452, the second V-shaped accumulation groove 453, the third V-shaped accumulation groove 454, the discharge impeller assembly 46, the first discharge impeller 461, the second discharge impeller 462, the driven gear 463, the third gear motor 47, the impeller driving gear 471, the tension pulley 48, the air inlet box 5, the heating device 6, the air outlet box 7, the condenser 8, the mixed flow fan 9, the base 10 and the universal wheel 101.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art may better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided for exemplary and explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
It should be noted that, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like refer to an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, or that the inventive product is commonly put in place when used, merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "overhang," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the grain drying device comprises a drying box 1, a feeding mechanism 3, a discharging mechanism 4, an air inlet box 5, a heating device 6 and an air outlet box 7;
as shown in fig. 4, the drying box 1 is used for heating and drying grains, the top of the drying box 1 is provided with a buffer part 2 with the length corresponding to the drying box 1, the top and the bottom of the drying box 1 are respectively in an opening structure, the front side and the rear side of the drying box 1 are respectively provided with an air inlet plate 11 and an air outlet plate 12, a plurality of layers of drying layers are arranged in the drying box 1, each layer of drying layer comprises a plurality of air inlet angle boxes 13 and air outlet angle boxes 14 which are horizontally arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drying box 1, the single air inlet angle boxes 13 between the upper and lower adjacent drying layers are aligned with the single air outlet angle boxes 14 one by one, gaps between the air inlet angle boxes 13 and the air outlet angle boxes 14 are also aligned up and down and are formed with vertical channels for grain circulation, the bottoms of the air inlet angle boxes 13 and the air outlet angle boxes 14 are in an opening structure, the tops of the inverted V-shaped structure, the two sides are punched net plates, the ends of the two sides are all in one end opening and one end is closed, and the top of the inverted V-shaped structure can play a role in shunting grains, and can also prevent the accumulation of grains.
In order to prevent the grain from clogging the perforated screen during feeding, the pore diameter of the perforated screen should be smaller than the minimum grain diameter of the grain, and generally the grain diameter is larger than 1.5mm, so that the pore diameter of the perforated screen can be set to 1.5mm.
The open ends of the air inlet angle-shaped boxes 13 are respectively fixed on the air inlet plate 11, the closed ends are respectively fixed on the air outlet plate 12, the air inlet plate 11 is provided with an air inlet corresponding to the open ends of the air inlet angle-shaped boxes 13, the closed ends of the air outlet angle-shaped boxes 14 are respectively fixed on the air inlet plate 11, the open ends are respectively fixed on the air outlet plate 12, and the air outlet plate 12 is provided with an air outlet corresponding to the open ends of the air outlet angle-shaped boxes 14.
The multiple air inlet horn-shaped boxes 13 and the air outlet horn-shaped boxes 14 arranged on each layer of drying layer are formed with cross flow type bidirectional ventilation structures, hot air is fed from the open ends of the multiple air inlet horn-shaped boxes 13, and air is discharged from the open ends of the air outlet horn-shaped boxes 14, so that the hot air of the adjacent drying layers passes through grains in opposite directions, the temperature field in the whole drying box 1 is more uniform, all grains are heated more fully, and the quality and the moisture uniformity after drying of the grains are obviously improved compared with the prior drying technology. In addition, in this embodiment, based on the fact that the whole drying apparatus cannot be too large in volume, and whether the contact time of the drying hot air with the grains is sufficient or not, the drying oven 1 is set to have a box size of 3.5m×1.2m×1.1m (length×width×height), the drying layer is set to be two layers, the horizontal gap between the air inlet angular box 13 and the air outlet angular box 14 is not less than 150mm, preferably 200mm, the heat utilization efficiency and the drying efficiency are ensured, and the grains flow more smoothly, which is more favorable to the continuity and stability of grain drying, and the whole apparatus occupies a smaller area.
The feeding mechanism 3 is communicated with the drying box 1, and a discharge end of the feeding mechanism is positioned at the top of the drying box 1 and is used for conveying grains to be dried into the drying box 1 for drying, and the feeding mechanism comprises a vertically arranged lifting mechanism 31 and a parallel arranged feeding auger 32;
as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the bottom of the lifting mechanism 31 is provided with a grain feeding hopper 33 for receiving grains to be dried, the top of the lifting mechanism is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding auger 32, the lifting mechanism is used for lifting the grains to be dried to the feeding end of the feeding auger 32, and comprises a first gear motor 311, a lifting driving wheel 312 and a driven wheel 313, the lifting driving wheel 312 is assembled on an output shaft of the first gear motor 311, the end of the output shaft of the first gear motor 311 is provided with the feeding auger driving wheel 314, the lifting driving wheel 312 and the driven wheel 313 are in transmission connection through a first conveyor 315, a plurality of grab buckets 316 are uniformly arranged on the first conveyor 315, the driving force is provided through the first gear motor 311, the lifting driving wheel 312 drives the first conveyor 315 to drive the grains in the grain feeding hopper 33 along with the movement of the first conveyor 315, and the grains are lifted to the feeding end of the feeding auger 32;
in order to facilitate the maintenance and impurity removal of the lifting mechanism 31, an impurity removal gate 317 is arranged at the bottom of the lifting mechanism 31;
the feeding auger 32 penetrates through the buffer storage part 2 along the length direction of the drying box 1 and is horizontally arranged right above the drying box 1, the feeding end of the feeding auger 32 extends to the outer side of the buffer storage part 2, the other end of the feeding auger 32 is fixed on a side plate of the buffer storage part 2 through a bearing with a seat, a feeding groove 21 corresponding to the feeding auger 32 is arranged in the buffer storage part 2, the feeding auger 32 is positioned in the feeding groove 21, the feeding end of the feeding auger 32 is fixed at the end part of the feeding groove 21 through the bearing with a seat, a first belt pulley 321 is arranged at the feeding end of the feeding auger 32, the first belt pulley 321 is connected with a feeding auger driving wheel 314 through belt transmission, a discharging opening 211 corresponding to the drying box 1 is arranged at the bottom of the feeding groove 21 along the length direction, the feeding auger 32 is used for conveying grains from the lifting mechanism 31 along the direction of the feeding groove 21, the grains in the feeding groove 21 vertically fall from the discharging opening 211 by means of dead weight, and enter the drying box 1 after passing through the buffer storage part 2, and in order to control the falling speed of the grains, on one hand, the feeding speed of the lifting mechanism 31 and the feeding auger 32 is controlled through the first speed motor 311 by controlling the rotation speed; on the other hand, the size of the feed opening 211 can be controlled by controlling the size of the feed opening 211, and two bottom plates forming the feed opening 211 at the bottom of the feed chute 21 are arranged to be slidingly assembled at the bottom of the feed chute 21, namely, the size of the opening of the feed opening 211 can be adjusted by adjusting the movable bottom plates.
As shown in fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10, the discharging mechanism 4 is positioned at the bottom of the drying oven 1, the discharging end of the discharging mechanism 4 is provided with a discharging valve and is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding mechanism 3, so as to directly discharge the grains discharged from the drying oven 1 from the discharging valve or convey the grains to the feeding mechanism 3, and the grains are conveyed into the drying oven 1 again through the feeding mechanism 3 for cyclic drying, and the discharging mechanism 4 comprises a V-shaped discharging hopper 41, a discharging auger 43, a second reducing motor 44, a discharging guide assembly 45, a discharging impeller assembly 46 and a third reducing motor 47;
the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 is arranged right below the drying box 1 along the length direction of the drying box 1, the length of the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 corresponds to the length of the drying box 1 and is used for collecting grains dried by the drying box 1, the bottom of the drying box 1 is provided with side plates 42 for sealing two ends of the V-shaped discharging hopper 41, the bottom of the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 is provided with a movable turning plate, and grains remained at the bottom of the discharging hopper are conveniently removed after the machine is stopped;
the discharging auger 43 is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 along the length direction of the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 and is used for conveying the grains dried by the drying oven 1 to the feeding end of the lifting mechanism 31, the discharging end of the discharging auger 43 extends to the outer side of the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 and is communicated with the lifting mechanism 31, one end of the discharging auger 43 is the feeding end, the other end is the power driving end, a discharging groove 411 corresponding to the feeding end of the discharging auger 43 is arranged at the outer side of the V-shaped discharging hopper 41, the feeding end of the discharging auger 43 is fixed at the end part of the discharging groove 411 through a belt seat bearing, the driving end of the discharging auger 43 is fixed on the side plate 42 through a belt seat bearing, a second belt pulley 431 is arranged at the driving end of the discharging groove 411, a discharging valve is arranged at the bottom of the discharging groove 411, and is preferably arranged at the bottom of the feeding end of the higher feeding auger 32 for facilitating collection during discharging of the dried grains, and a guide pipe 322 with a discharging pipe is arranged below the discharging valve;
the second gear motor 44 is located corresponding to the driving end of the discharging auger 43 and is used for providing power for the discharging auger 43, the output end of the second gear motor 44 is provided with a discharging auger driving wheel 441, and the discharging auger driving wheel 441 is in transmission connection with the second belt pulley 431 through a belt;
the discharging and guiding assembly 45 is positioned between the drying oven 1 and the V-shaped discharging hopper 41, is used for connecting the drying oven 1 and the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 and has guiding effect on grains, and comprises a plurality of first V-shaped accumulating tanks 451 which are connected with each other and are uniformly arranged between two side plates 42 along the width direction of the drying oven 1, openings are arranged at the bottoms of the first V-shaped accumulating tanks 451, two ends of the first V-shaped accumulating tanks 451 are respectively fixed on the side plates 42, the first V-shaped accumulating tanks 451 are composed of a pair of discharging lower inclined plates 4511 which are symmetrical with each other, the discharging lower inclined plates 4511 comprise a horizontal section and an inclined section, the angle between the horizontal section and the inclined section is theta, and the angle theta is 100 DEG is less than or equal to 150 DEG, preferably 120 DEG, and the discharging lower inclined plate 4511 at the outermost side in the width direction of the drying oven 1 is fixed at the bottom of the drying oven 1 through connecting plates;
the upper end opening ends of the V-shaped discharging hoppers 41 are respectively fixed at the bottoms of the outer discharging lower inclined plates 4511 at one end and one end along the width direction of the drying oven 1, an inverted V-shaped guide plate 452 is arranged in a single first V-shaped accumulating groove 451, a second V-shaped accumulating groove 453 and a third V-shaped accumulating groove 454 with the bottoms of the second V-shaped accumulating groove 453 and the third V-shaped accumulating groove 454 having opening structures are formed, and two ends of the inverted V-shaped guide plate 452 are respectively fixed on the two side plates 42;
the multiple discharge impeller assemblies 46 are used for discharging grains in the second V-shaped accumulation groove 453 and the third V-shaped accumulation groove 454, the single discharge impeller assembly 46 comprises a first discharge impeller 461 and a second discharge impeller 462, two ends of the first discharge impeller 461 and the second discharge impeller 462 are respectively fixed on the two side plates 42 through bearings with seats, one ends of the first discharge impeller 461 and the second discharge impeller 462 are respectively provided with a driven gear 463, the first discharge impeller 461 is positioned below the second V-shaped accumulation groove 453 and just blocks the opening of the bottom of the second V-shaped accumulation groove 453, grains in the second V-shaped accumulation groove 453 can only be discharged into the first V-shaped accumulation groove 451 through rotation of the first discharge impeller 461, the second discharge impeller 462 is positioned below the third V-shaped accumulation groove 454 and just blocks the opening of the bottom of the third V-shaped accumulation groove 454, and grains in the third V-shaped accumulation groove 454 can only be blocked from the first V-shaped accumulation groove 451 to the second V-shaped accumulation groove 451 through rotation of the second impeller 461 and the first V-shaped accumulation groove 451, and the grains in the second V-shaped accumulation groove 454 can only pass through rotation of the second impeller and the first V-shaped accumulation groove 462 and the first V-shaped accumulation groove 451 at uniform speed;
the third gear motor 47, its position corresponds with driven gear 463, be used for providing power for the discharge impeller subassembly 46, the output of third gear motor 47 is equipped with impeller drive gear 471, still be equipped with a plurality of take-up pulleys 48 on the curb plate 42, the position of take-up pulley 48 is adjustable, impeller drive gear 471 passes through chain transmission with a plurality of driven gears 463 and take-up pulleys 48 respectively, adjust the elasticity of chain through adjusting take-up pulleys 48, make first discharge impeller 461 and second discharge impeller 462 rotate to opposite direction respectively when the chain is in the transmission, thereby with cereal along the opening of two swash plates row to the bottom of first "V" type accumulation groove 451, the flow of discharge cereal is adjusted through variable frequency control to the third gear motor 47, can carry out corresponding regulation according to different stoving technology and requirement, realize a tractor serves several purposes.
In order to facilitate the overhaul of the discharging mechanism, a plurality of overhaul ports 421 corresponding to the second V-shaped accumulation groove 453 and the third V-shaped accumulation groove 454 are arranged on the side plate 42, and the overhaul ports 421 are sealed through a cover plate.
The air inlet box 5 is fixed on the air inlet plate 11 and is respectively communicated with the air inlet angle-shaped boxes 13, and is used for conveying hot air required by grain drying into the drying box 1, a plurality of air inlets are formed in the air inlet box 5, a temperature probe is arranged in the air inlet box 5 to monitor the air inlet temperature, and a condenser 8 is arranged at a single air inlet;
the heating device 6 is positioned at one side of the drying device and is used for heating the inlet air of the air inlet box 5 to provide heat energy for grain drying, and the heating device 6 is preferably an air energy heat pump heating device and comprises a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion mechanism and related accessories which are integrated together, wherein the air energy heat pump heating device is connected with the condenser 8 through a pipeline;
the working principle of the heat pump is as follows: the low-temperature low-pressure working medium in the heat pump enters the air side evaporator to evaporate and absorb heat after being throttled and depressurized by the expansion mechanism, and a large amount of heat is absorbed from the air; the working medium after evaporation and heat absorption enters the compressor in a gaseous state and is compressed to become a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium (at the moment, the heat stored in the working medium is divided into two parts, namely, one part is the heat Q1 absorbed from the air and the other part is the heat Q2 converted by the electric energy input into the compressor when the working medium is compressed); the compressed high-temperature high-pressure working medium enters a condenser through a pipeline, the heat (Q1 +Q 2) contained in the working medium is released to low-temperature air passing through the condenser, the low-temperature air is heated to form high-temperature hot air, and the high-temperature hot air enters the drying box 1 through the air inlet box 5; the exothermic working medium enters an expansion mechanism in a liquid state, and is throttled and depressurized, so that the working medium is continuously circulated; the heat q3=the heat q1+ absorbed by the working medium from the air and converted into heat Q2 by the electric energy of the driving compressor, and under the standard working condition, q1=3q2, namely 1 part of electric energy is consumed, so as to obtain 4 parts of heat. The compressor is driven by electric energy to do work, low-level heat energy in air is converted into high-level heat energy to be utilized, the whole process is free of combustion and exhaust emission, heat supply is stable in the working process, quality guaranteeing and drying of grains are facilitated, and the hot air temperature of the air inlet box 5 is controlled by controlling the power of the compressor.
The invention integrates the heat pump heating device with the main body of the drying equipment, overcomes the defects of higher energy consumption, higher emission and higher running cost of the traditional drying equipment, and has the advantages of high efficiency, quality guarantee, energy conservation, low consumption, safety, reliability, convenient operation and low cost. Compared with the traditional hot air drying, the energy is saved by more than 20%, the pollutant emission is reduced by more than 35%, and meanwhile, the quality of the grain after being dried can be effectively improved.
The air outlet box 7 is located on the air outlet plate 12 and is respectively communicated with the air outlet angle-shaped box 14 and used for discharging exhaust gas after grain drying, the air outlet box 7 is provided with a plurality of mixed flow fans 9 used for exhausting air, and meanwhile, in order to improve the heat energy utilization rate, hot air exhausted by the mixed flow fans 9 can be led to a heat pump heating device through a pipeline after being filtered, and heat in the heat pump heating device is recycled through an evaporator.
The air outlet box 7 is also communicated with the lifting mechanism 31 through a dust removing pipeline and is used for sucking dust and light impurities in grains during feeding.
The bottom of the drying device is also provided with the base 10, the bottom of the base 10 is provided with the universal wheel 101 with a self-locking function, and the whole structure of the drying device is smaller, so that the whole equipment can move in a certain range, is convenient to use and flexible to operate, and is particularly suitable for the grain drying treatment after the dispersion planting and harvesting of individual farmers and hilly mountain areas.
In order to prevent the grain drying process, dust and light impurities from diffusing into the atmosphere to cause environmental pollution and heat energy loss caused by hot air leakage of the dried grains, the whole drying device except for a material inlet and outlet, an overhaul port and an impurity removing port should be of a sealing structure.
The first gear motor 311, the second gear motor 44 and the third gear motor 47 related to the whole drying device are all variable frequency motors, different drying temperatures are needed for different water contents and different types of grains, the times of cyclic drying (also can be regarded as drying time period) and the circulation rate (namely the feeding rate of the feeding mechanism 3 controlled by the first gear motor 311 and the discharging rate of the discharging mechanism 4 controlled by the second gear motor 44 and the third gear motor 47) are also different, so that when the drying device is used, a controller is provided for better controlling each operation parameter, and the control program set in the controller needs to be described as the conventional prior art.
In order to realize the real-time detection of the dehydration state of grain drying, a sampling port can be arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41, and the dehydration rate of grains can be detected by checking the grains of the sampling port in real time.
The grain drying device of the invention has the working principle that:
detecting the water content of high-moisture grains, setting the operation parameters (including the feeding rate, the discharging rate, the drying temperature and the drying time length) of the drying device through the grain types and the water content, starting a first gear motor 311 to start a lifting mechanism 31 and a feeding auger 32, throwing the grains containing high moisture into a grain feeding hopper 33, lifting the grains to the feeding end of the feeding auger 32 through the lifting mechanism 31, conveying the grains to a buffer part 2 through the feeding auger 32, entering a drying box 1 through the buffer part 2, and filling the whole drying box 1; then sequentially starting the second reducing motor 44 to start the discharging auger 43 and starting the third reducing motor 47 to start the discharging impeller assembly 46, so that grains in the drying device start to circularly flow; starting a mixed flow fan 9 and an air energy heat pump heating device, enabling the mixed flow fan 9 to discharge air to form negative pressure in the drying box 1, enabling air outside the air inlet box 5 to enter the air inlet box 5 after passing through the condenser 8, heating the air through the condenser 8, enabling the air to enter the drying box 1 through the air inlet box 5, enabling the drying hot air to fully contact with grains through an air inlet angular box 13 and a single air outlet angular box 14 in the drying box 1, heating the grains and taking away moisture in the grains, and discharging the dried waste gas through the mixed flow fan 9; and (3) circularly drying the grains until the preset time, stopping heating by the air energy heat pump heating device until the grains reach the required water loss rate, and circularly, ventilating and cooling the grains in the drying equipment until the temperature reaches the required temperature, and opening a discharge valve to discharge the grains.
The grain drying device is applied to grains with different types and different water contents, and generally, the grains with low water content and high temperature resistance can be continuously dried at high temperature by setting related parameters according to the high temperature resistance and the water content of the grains, and the grains with high water content and low temperature resistance can be circularly dried at low temperature by setting related parameters.
The following description will be made by taking rice, wheat and corn as examples, respectively.
The adopted drying device can accommodate 5 tons of grains.
The moisture content of the dried rice is not higher than 14% according to regulations.
For the rice with high water content, the requirement cannot be met once by adopting high-temperature drying, the quality of the rice is damaged by high-temperature circulation, low-temperature circulation drying is preferred, the rice with 30% of water content is taken as an example, the drying temperature is preferably 60 ℃, the feeding and discharging rate is controlled to be 2.5t/h, the water content can be dried to 14% by 5 tons of rice through 8 times of circulation drying, and the total drying efficiency is 0.31t/h;
for low-water-content rice, high-temperature continuous drying can be adopted to achieve the drying requirement at one time, taking the rice with the water content of 17% as an example, the drying temperature is preferably 80 ℃, the feeding and discharging rate is controlled to be 2.5t/h, the rice with the initial water content of 17% can be dried to 14% by circularly drying the rice with the 5 tons for 1 time, and the total drying efficiency is 2.5t/h.
The moisture content of the wheat after drying is not higher than 13% according to regulations.
For the wheat with high water content, the high temperature drying cannot meet the requirement at one time, the high temperature circulation can damage the quality of the wheat, the low temperature circulation drying is preferred, the drying temperature is preferably 60 ℃ for the example of the wheat with the water content of 28%, the feeding and discharging rate is controlled to be 2.5t/h, the wheat with the initial water content of 28% can be dried to 13% by 5 times of 5 tons of wheat circulation drying, and the total drying efficiency is 0.5t/h;
for low-moisture wheat, high-temperature continuous drying can be adopted to achieve the drying requirement once, taking the wheat with the moisture content of 18% as an example, the drying temperature is preferably 80 ℃, the feeding and discharging rate is controlled to be 1.25t/h,5 tons of wheat is circularly dried for 1 time, the wheat with the initial moisture content of 18% can be dried to 13%, and the total drying efficiency is 1.25t/h.
The moisture content of the corn after drying is not higher than 14% according to regulations.
For corns with high water content, the requirement cannot be met at one time by adopting high-temperature drying, in view of the fact that the high-temperature resistance of the corns is good, high-temperature circulating drying can be adopted, the corn with 30% of water content is taken as an example, the drying temperature is preferably 80 ℃, the feeding and discharging rate is controlled to be 2.5t/h, the corns with 30% of the initial water content can be dried to 14% by circulating drying for 5 times, and the total drying efficiency is 0.5t/h;
for low-water-content corns, high-temperature continuous drying can be adopted to achieve the drying requirement at one time, taking corns with water content of 18% as an example, the drying temperature is preferably 80 ℃, the feeding and discharging speed is controlled to be 2.5t/h, and the corns with the initial water content of 30% can be dried to 14% by circulating drying for 1 time, so that the total drying efficiency is 2.5t/h.
The following are the practical application conditions of grains with different types and different water contents:
in summary, the grain drying device disclosed by the invention can meet the drying requirements of grains with different types and different water contents, can continuously dry grains with low water content and can circularly dry grains with high water content, and compared with the existing grain dryer, the energy consumption of the grain drying device is obviously reduced, and the grain drying device is efficient and energy-saving.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. Cereal drying device, its characterized in that includes:
the drying box (1) is used for heating and drying grains, the top of the drying box is provided with a buffer part (2) with the length corresponding to the drying box (1), the top and the bottom of the drying box (1) are respectively in an opening structure, the front side and the rear side of the drying box are respectively provided with an air inlet plate (11) and an air outlet plate (12), a plurality of drying layers are arranged in the drying box (1), the drying layers comprise a plurality of air inlet angle boxes (13) and air outlet angle boxes (14) which are horizontally arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drying box (1), the single air inlet angle boxes (13) between adjacent drying layers are aligned with the single air outlet angle boxes (14) one by one, the bottoms of the air inlet angle boxes (13) and the air outlet angle boxes (14) are respectively in an opening structure, the tops of the inverted V-shaped structure, the two sides of the drying box are respectively in a punching screen, one end of the drying box is closed, the aperture of the punching is smaller than the minimum grain diameter, the opening ends of the air inlet angle boxes (13) are respectively fixed on the air inlet plate (11) and the air outlet plate (12), the single air inlet angle boxes (13) are respectively fixed on the closed ends of the air inlet angle boxes (12), and the air inlet angle boxes (14) are respectively fixed on the air inlet angle boxes (12) and the air inlet ends (12) which are respectively;
the feeding mechanism (3) is communicated with the drying box (1), and the discharging end of the feeding mechanism is positioned at the top of the drying box (1) and is used for conveying grains to be dried into the drying box (1) for drying;
the discharging mechanism (4) is positioned at the bottom of the drying box (1), the discharging end of the discharging mechanism is provided with an end discharging valve and is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding mechanism (3) and is used for directly discharging grains discharged from the drying box (1) from the discharging valve or conveying the grains to the feeding mechanism (3), and the grains are conveyed into the drying box (1) again through the feeding mechanism (3) for cyclic drying;
an air inlet box (5) which is fixed on the air inlet plate (11) and is respectively communicated with the air inlet angle-shaped box (13) and is used for conveying hot air required by drying grains into the drying box (1);
the heating device (6) is positioned at one side of the drying device and is used for heating the inlet air of the air inlet box (5) to provide heat energy for grain drying;
go out bellows (7), be located on air-out board (12) and communicate with air-out horn-like box (14) respectively for exhaust gas after the exhaust cereal stoving, be equipped with a plurality of mixed flow fans (9) that are used for airing exhaust on going out bellows (7), wherein:
the feeding mechanism (3) comprises a vertically arranged lifting mechanism (31) and a horizontally arranged feeding auger (32), a feeding hopper (33) for receiving grains to be dried is arranged at the bottom of the lifting mechanism (31), the top of the feeding auger is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding auger (32) and is used for lifting the grains to be dried to the feeding end of the feeding auger (32), the feeding auger (32) penetrates through a buffer part (2) along the length direction of the drying box (1) and is horizontally arranged right above the drying box (1), a feeding groove (21) corresponding to the feeding auger (32) is arranged in the buffer part (2), a discharging opening (211) corresponding to the drying box (1) is formed in the bottom of the feeding groove (21) along the length direction, the feeding auger (32) is used for conveying the grains from the lifting mechanism (31) along the feeding groove (21), and the grains in the feeding groove (21) vertically fall down from the discharging opening (211) and enter the drying box (1) after passing through the buffer part (2), and the discharging opening (211) is adjustable in the bottom of the drying box (21) by weight;
the discharging mechanism (4) comprises:
the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) is arranged right below the drying box (1) along the length direction of the drying box (1), the length of the V-shaped discharging hopper corresponds to the length of the drying box (1) and is used for collecting grains dried by the drying box (1), and side plates (42) used for sealing two ends of the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) are arranged at the bottom of the drying box (1);
the discharging auger (43) is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) along the length direction of the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) and is used for conveying grains dried by the drying oven (1) to the feeding end of the lifting mechanism (31);
the discharging and guiding assembly (45) is positioned between the drying oven (1) and the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) and is used for connecting the drying oven (1) and the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) and guiding grains.
2. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the heat supply device (6) is an air energy heat pump heat supply device and comprises an integrated air compressor, an evaporator, an expansion mechanism and related accessories, wherein the air energy heat pump heat supply device converts low-level heat energy in air into high-level heat energy to heat the inlet air of the air inlet box (5).
3. The grain drying apparatus of claim 2, wherein: a plurality of air inlets are formed in the air inlet box (5), a condenser (8) is arranged at the air inlet, and the condenser (8) is connected with the air energy heat pump heating device through a pipeline.
4. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air outlet box (7) is communicated with the lifting mechanism (31) through a dust removing pipeline and is used for sucking dust and light impurities in grains during feeding.
5. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) is provided with a movable turning plate for removing grains remained at the bottom of the discharging hopper after the machine is stopped.
6. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the discharge valve is arranged at the feeding end of the feeding auger (32).
7. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the drying device is also provided with a base (10), and the bottom of the base (10) is provided with a universal wheel (101) with a self-locking function.
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| CN112623526A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-04-09 | 酒泉市汉鑫科技有限公司 | Vibration drying device for easily-bonded materials |
| CN113892351B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-21 | 徐州市海涛制冷设备有限公司 | Air energy cold and hot air blower granary structure |
| CN114543493B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 江西农业大学 | Integrated hot air drying equipment of many drying modes of granule solid material |
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