CN110731379A - Grain drying device - Google Patents
Grain drying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110731379A CN110731379A CN201911110074.XA CN201911110074A CN110731379A CN 110731379 A CN110731379 A CN 110731379A CN 201911110074 A CN201911110074 A CN 201911110074A CN 110731379 A CN110731379 A CN 110731379A
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of grain drying, and discloses an grain drying device which comprises a drying box, a feeding mechanism, a discharging mechanism, an air inlet box, a heat supply device and an air outlet box, wherein the drying box is used for heating and drying grains, a plurality of layers of drying layers are arranged in the drying box, a single-layer drying layer comprises a plurality of air inlet angle-shaped boxes and air outlet angle-shaped boxes which are horizontally arranged along the length direction of the drying box at intervals, the drying box adopts a cross-flow type bidirectional ventilation structure, the air inlet angle-shaped boxes and the air outlet angle-shaped boxes are arranged in parallel, so that grains in the drying box are heated more uniformly, the discharging speed of the grains is controlled through the discharging mechanism, and the drying time and the precipitation rate of the grains in the drying box are further controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grain drying, in particular to a device for drying kinds of grains.
Background
In recent years, the mechanized drying of grains in China is rapidly developed and applied, the grain drying machine is widely applied to grain storage, processing and circulation enterprises, cooperative societies and grain farmers at , and the loss caused by mildew due to too late airing in the grain storage process is effectively solved.
The grain needs to consume a large amount of fuel in the drying process, the existing drying machine in China still mainly uses fire coal and biomass particle fuel, and a matched fire coal (biomass) hot air furnace is low in general heat efficiency and large in hot air temperature fluctuation, so that the temperature field distribution in the drying machine is uneven, and the drying efficiency and the grain drying quality can be seriously influenced. In addition, a large amount of waste gas is generated by fuel combustion, which causes serious pollution to the environment and does not meet the overall requirements of the nation for building resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Therefore, research and development and application of novel efficient energy-saving emission-reducing dryer equipment are imperative.
The existing grain drying mode in China mainly adopts centralized drying, large batches of grains need to be centralized before operation, but high-moisture grains are not suitable for long-term stacking and storage, particularly in high-temperature and high-humidity areas in the south, harvested grains need to be dried immediately, and otherwise the grains are very easy to generate heat and mildew. The existing grain drying equipment mainly dries hot air and has two types of high-temperature continuous type and low-temperature circulating type:
1. the high-temperature continuous dryer is mainly used for treating high-moisture corns in northern areas, the corns with the precipitation amplitude not more than 20 percent can be dried for times to safely store moisture, the drying efficiency is high, but the grains stay in the dryer for a long time, so that the whole drying process cannot be effectively monitored and accurately controlled, the high-temperature continuous dryer belongs to extensive operation management, and the quality after drying is difficult to guarantee;
2. the low-temperature circulating type drying machine mainly treats high-moisture paddy rice in southern areas, the quality after drying is guaranteed by controlling the hot air temperature and the grain precipitation rate during operation, when hot air passes through grains, uneven drying temperature field distribution often exists, the drying efficiency is lower, high-moisture grains can reach the required moisture after being dried for many times, the drying time is overlong, when the treatment capacity is large, multiple drying machines are needed to be jointly used, the occupied area is large, and the construction investment cost is high.
Based on the above-mentioned drawbacks of the two dryer types, new types are needed to solve the practical problems encountered in the existing grain drying process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing grain drying devices which have uniform internal temperature field distribution and can perform continuous drying treatment on low-moisture grains and also perform circulating drying treatment on high-moisture grains so as to adapt to diversified drying requirements of different regions, different moisture and different grain varieties aiming at the defects of the high-temperature continuous dryer and the low-temperature circulating dryer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
cereal drying device includes:
the drying box is used for heating and drying grains, the top of the drying box is provided with a cache part with the length corresponding to that of the drying box, the top and the bottom of the drying box are respectively of an open structure, the front side and the rear side of the drying box are respectively provided with an air inlet plate and an air outlet plate, multiple layers of drying layers are arranged in the drying box, a single layer of the drying layer comprises a plurality of air inlet horn-shaped boxes and air outlet horn-shaped boxes which are horizontally arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drying box, a single air inlet horn-shaped box and a single air outlet horn-shaped box between every two adjacent drying layers are vertically aligned, the bottoms of the air inlet horn-shaped boxes and the bottoms of the air outlet horn-shaped boxes are both of the open structure, the tops of the air inlet horn-shaped boxes and the bottoms of the air outlet horn-shaped boxes are both of the open structure, both side surfaces of the air inlet horn-shaped boxes and the tops of the air outlet horn-shaped boxes are both of a punching screen plate with end opening end closed end, the hole diameter of the punching screen;
the feeding mechanism is communicated with the drying box, and the discharging end of the feeding mechanism is positioned at the top of the drying box and used for conveying grains to be dried into the drying box for drying;
the discharging mechanism is positioned at the bottom of the drying box, the discharging end of the discharging mechanism is provided with a discharging valve and is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding mechanism, and the discharging mechanism is used for directly discharging grains discharged from the drying box from a discharging valve or conveying the grains to the feeding mechanism, and the grains are conveyed into the drying box again through the feeding mechanism to be circularly dried;
the air inlet box is fixed on the air inlet plate, is respectively communicated with the air inlet horn-shaped boxes, and is used for conveying hot air required for drying grains into the drying box;
the heat supply device is positioned at the side of the drying device and is used for heating the inlet air of the air inlet box to provide heat energy for drying grains;
and the air outlet box is positioned on the air outlet plate and is respectively communicated with the air outlet horn-shaped box for discharging waste gas after the grains are dried, and the air outlet box is provided with a plurality of mixed flow fans for exhausting air.
, the feeding mechanism comprises a lifting mechanism arranged vertically and a feeding screw arranged in parallel;
the bottom of the lifting mechanism is provided with a feed hopper for receiving grains to be dried, and the top of the lifting mechanism is communicated with the feed end of the feed auger and used for lifting the grains to be dried to the feed end of the feed auger;
the feeding auger runs through buffer memory portion, level setting directly over the drying cabinet along the length direction of drying cabinet, be equipped with the feed chute that corresponds with the feeding auger in the buffer memory portion, be equipped with the feed opening that corresponds with the drying cabinet on the feed chute bottom edge length direction, the feeding auger is used for carrying the cereal that comes from hoist mechanism along the feed chute direction, cereal in the feed chute relies on the dead weight to fall down from the feed opening is vertical, gets into in the drying cabinet behind buffer memory portion.
, the discharging mechanism includes:
the V-shaped discharge hopper is arranged right below the drying box (1) along the length direction of the drying box, the length of the V-shaped discharge hopper corresponds to that of the drying box, the V-shaped discharge hopper is used for collecting grains dried by the drying box, and side plates used for sealing two ends of the V-shaped discharge hopper are arranged at the bottom of the drying box;
the discharging auger is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped discharging hopper along the length direction of the discharging hopper and is used for conveying the grains dried by the drying box to the feeding end of the lifting mechanism;
the discharging and flow guiding assembly is positioned between the drying box and the V-shaped discharging hopper and is used for connecting the drying box and the V-shaped discharging hopper and guiding grains.
, the heat supply device is an air energy heat pump heat supply device, which comprises an air compressor, an evaporator, an expansion mechanism and related accessories integrated at , and the air energy heat pump heat supply device converts low-level heat energy in the air into high-level heat energy to heat the inlet air of the air inlet box.
, it is single that be equipped with a plurality of air intakes on the air inlet case, it is single air intake department is equipped with the condenser, the condenser passes through the pipeline and is connected with air energy heat pump heating device.
, the wind outlet box is communicated with the lifting mechanism through a dust removal pipeline and is used for pumping away dust and light impurities in the grains during feeding.
step, the bottom of the V-shaped discharge hopper is provided with a movable turnover plate for removing the residual grains at the bottom of the discharge hopper after the machine is stopped.
, the discharge valve may be located at the feed end of the feed auger.
, the size of the feed opening at the bottom of the feed trough is adjustable.
, a base is further arranged at the bottom of the drying device, and universal wheels with self-locking functions are arranged at the bottom of the base.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the drying box adopts a cross-flow type bidirectional ventilation structure, and the air inlet horn-shaped boxes and the air outlet horn-shaped boxes are arranged in parallel, so that grains in the drying box are heated more uniformly; the discharging speed of the grains is controlled through the discharging mechanism, and then the drying time and the precipitation rate of the grains in the drying box are controlled. Compared with the prior art, the grain drying device provided by the invention can be used for continuously drying low-moisture grains and circularly drying high-moisture grains, and can meet the diversified drying requirements of different regions, different moisture and different grain varieties.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention,
figure 2 is a rear perspective view of figure 1,
fig. 3 is perspective views of the drying box 1 with the air inlet box 5, the condenser 8 and a part of the outer plate of the buffer part 2 removed, showing the assembling position of the drying box 1,
figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the drying box 1,
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the inlet horn 13 and the outlet horn 14,
figure 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the lifting mechanism 31,
figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the discharge mechanism 4,
figure 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of i of figure 7,
figure 9 is a right side view of figure 7 and a cross-sectional view B-B,
figure 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of ii of figure 9,
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the discharge lower ramp 4511 of FIG. 10,
figure 12 is a top view of feed chute 21,
the reference numbers are as follows:
the drying box 1, the air inlet plate 11, the air outlet plate 12, the air inlet horn-shaped box 13, the air outlet horn-shaped box 14, the buffer part 2, the feed chute 21, the feed opening 211, the feed mechanism 3, the lifting mechanism 31, the reduction motor 311, the elevator drive wheel 312, the driven wheel 313, the feed auger drive wheel 314, the conveyor belt 315, the grab bucket 316, the trash removal gate 317, the feed auger 32, the belt pulley 321, the guide bucket 322, the grain feed hopper 33, the discharge mechanism 4, the "V" type discharge bucket 41, the discharge chute 411, the side plate 42, the inspection opening 421, the discharge auger 43, the second belt pulley 431, the second reduction motor 44, the discharge auger drive wheel 441, the discharge diversion assembly 45, the "V" type accumulation chute 451, the discharge lower inclined plate 4511, the inverted "V" type guide plate 452, the second "V" type accumulation chute 453, the third "V" type accumulation chute 454, the air inlet assembly 46, the , the second outlet impeller 461, the discharge gear 471, the discharge gear 462, the heat supply box 10, the universal reduction motor 10, the heat exchanger 101, the universal flow reduction motor 48, the heat supply fan 8, the discharge motor 7.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is given for the purpose of better understanding technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and the present description is only exemplary and explanatory and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus once a item is defined in figures, it need not be further defined and explained by in subsequent figures.
It is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, or as they are usually placed in use of the inventive product, merely to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation and is not necessarily limited to the specific orientation and construction illustrated in the drawings.
Further, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "overhang," and the like do not imply that the components are absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are used to mean, for example, either fixedly or removably connected, or physically connected, mechanically or electrically connected, directly or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or communicating between two elements.
Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides technical solutions:
the grain drying device comprises a drying box 1, a feeding mechanism 3, a discharging mechanism 4, an air inlet box 5, a heat supply device 6 and an air outlet box 7;
as shown in fig. 4, drying cabinet 1 is used for heating and drying cereal, 1 top of drying cabinet is equipped with the buffer memory portion 2 that length and drying cabinet 1 correspond, 1 top and bottom of drying cabinet are open structure respectively, the front and back both sides are equipped with air inlet plate 11 and play wind plate 12 respectively, be equipped with multilayer drying layer in the drying cabinet 1, single layer drying layer includes a plurality of horns of air inlet box 13 and the horns of air outlet box 14 that set up along 1 length direction horizontal interval of drying cabinet, single horns of air inlet box 13 between the upper and lower adjacent drying layer aligns with single horns of air outlet box 14 , make the clearance between horns of air inlet box 13 and the horns of air outlet box 14 also align from top to bottom and be formed with vertical passageway, in order to supply cereal to circulate, air inlet box 13 and horns of air outlet box 14 bottom are open structure, the top is "V" type structure, both sides face is the otter board of punching a hole, the tip is end opening end closure, the top can play the reposition.
In order to prevent the grain from clogging the perforated screen during feeding, the aperture of the perforated screen should be smaller than the minimum grain size, typically larger than 1.5mm, so the aperture of the perforated screen can be set to 1.5 mm.
The open end of the horn-shaped air inlet box 13 is respectively fixed on the air inlet plate 11, the closed end is respectively fixed on the air outlet plate 12, the air inlet plate 11 is provided with an air inlet corresponding to the open end of the horn-shaped air inlet box 13, the closed end of the horn-shaped air outlet box 14 is respectively fixed on the air inlet plate 11, the open end is respectively fixed on the air outlet plate 12, and the air outlet plate 12 is provided with an air outlet corresponding to the open end of the horn-shaped air outlet box 14.
A plurality of air inlet horny boxes 13 and air outlet horny boxes 14 that every layer of drying layer set up are formed with the two-way ventilation structure of crossflow formula, hot-blast open end air inlet from a plurality of air inlet horny boxes 13, from the open end air-out of air outlet horny boxes 14, make the hot-blast opposite direction that passes cereal of adjacent drying layer, make the temperature field in whole drying cabinet 1 more even, make all cereals be heated more fully, than current drying technique, cereal dries by the fire the back quality and dries by the fire the aspect of the back moisture homogeneity and all show the improvement. In addition, in this embodiment, based on the whole drying device volume can not be too big, in addition to the consideration whether the contact time of hot-blast and cereal of drying is abundant, set up drying cabinet 1 for the box size be 3.5 mx 1.2 mx 1.1m (length × width × height), the drying layer is set up to two-layer, the horizontal clearance between horn shape box 13 of air inlet and horn shape box 14 of air outlet is not less than 150mm, preferably 200mm, heat utilization efficiency and drying efficiency have been guaranteed, and cereal flows more smoothly, be more favorable to the continuity and the stability of cereal stoving, whole device area is also less simultaneously.
The feeding mechanism 3 is communicated with the drying box 1, the discharging end of the feeding mechanism is positioned at the top of the drying box 1, and the feeding mechanism is used for conveying grains to be dried into the drying box 1 for drying and comprises a lifting mechanism 31 which is vertically arranged and a feeding screw auger 32 which is parallel to the lifting mechanism;
as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 6, the bottom of the lifting mechanism 31 is provided with a feeding hopper 33 for receiving grains to be dried, the top of the lifting mechanism is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding auger 32, and is used for lifting the grains to be dried to the feeding end of the feeding auger 32, the lifting mechanism comprises a -th speed reducing motor 311, a lifting driving wheel 312 and a driven wheel 313, the lifting driving wheel 312 is assembled on the output shaft of the -th speed reducing motor 311, the end of the output shaft of the -th speed reducing motor 311 is provided with a feeding auger driving wheel 314, the lifting driving wheel 312 and the driven wheel 313 are in transmission connection through a -th conveyor belt 315, a plurality of grab buckets 316 are uniformly arranged on the -th conveyor belt 315, the driving force is provided by the -th speed reducing motor 311, the lifting driving wheel 312 drives a -th conveyor belt 315 for transmission, the grab bucket 316 on the -th conveyor belt 315 continuously takes;
in order to facilitate the maintenance and impurity removal work of the lifting mechanism 31, an impurity removal gate 317 is arranged at the bottom of the lifting mechanism 31;
the feeding auger 32 penetrates through the buffer storage part 2 along the length direction of the drying box 1 and is horizontally arranged right above the drying box 1, the feeding end of the feeding auger 32 extends to the outer side of the buffer storage part 2, the other end is fixed on a side plate of the buffer storage part 2 through a bearing with a seat, a feeding groove 21 corresponding to the feeding auger 32 is arranged in the buffer storage part 2, the feeding auger 32 is located in the feeding groove 21, the feeding end of the feeding auger 32 is fixed at the end part of the feeding groove 21 through the bearing with the seat, a -th belt pulley 321 is arranged at the feeding end of the feeding auger 32, a -th belt pulley 321 is in belt transmission connection with a feeding auger driving wheel 314, a discharging opening 211 corresponding to the drying box 1 is arranged at the bottom of the feeding groove 21 along the length direction, the feeding auger 32 is used for conveying grains from the lifting mechanism 31 along the direction of the feeding groove 21, the grains in the feeding groove 21 vertically fall from the discharging opening 211 by means of self weight, the feeding groove 21 enters the drying box 1 after passing through the buffer storage opening 211, in order to control the falling rate of the grain falling, the feeding auger is arranged to control the size of a rotating speed of a lifting motor by controlling the feeding opening of a , and the bottom plate 211, and the sliding assembly of the feeding auger 32 is arranged to control the size of a sliding assembly bottom plate which.
As shown in fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10, the discharging mechanism 4 is located at the bottom of the drying oven 1, the discharging end of the discharging mechanism 4 is provided with a discharging valve and is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding mechanism 3, so as to discharge the grains discharged from the drying oven 1 directly from the discharging valve , or convey the grains to the feeding mechanism 3, and convey the grains into the drying oven 1 again through the feeding mechanism 3 for circular drying, and the discharging mechanism 4 comprises a "V" type discharging hopper 41, a discharging auger 43, a second speed reducing motor 44, a discharging guide assembly 45, a discharging impeller assembly 46 and a third speed reducing motor 47;
the V-shaped discharge hopper 41 is arranged right below the drying box 1 along the length direction of the drying box 1, the length of the V-shaped discharge hopper corresponds to the length of the drying box 1, the V-shaped discharge hopper is used for collecting grains dried by the drying box 1, the bottom of the drying box 1 is provided with side plates 42 used for sealing two ends of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41, the bottom of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41 is provided with a movable turning plate, and the grains remained at the bottom of the discharge hopper can be conveniently removed after the machine is stopped;
a discharge auger 43, which is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41 along the length direction of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41, and is used for conveying the grains dried by the drying oven 1 to the feed end of the lifting mechanism 31, the discharge end of the discharge auger 43 extends to the outer side of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41 and is communicated with the lifting mechanism 31, the end of the discharge auger 43 is the feed end, and the other end is the power drive end, the outer side of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41 is provided with a discharge chute 411 corresponding to the feed end of the discharge auger 43, the feed end of the discharge auger 43 is fixed at the end of the discharge chute 411 through a belt bearing, the drive end of the discharge auger 43 is fixed on the side plate 42 through a belt bearing, the drive end of the discharge auger 43 is provided with a second belt pulley 431, the bottom of the discharge chute 411 is provided with a discharge valve , because the height of the discharge chute 411 is relatively low, the collection of the dried discharged grains is preferably arranged at the bottom of the discharge end of the higher feed end of the discharge auger 32, and a guide chute 322 with discharge pipes is arranged below the feed valve ;
the position of the second speed reducing motor 44 corresponds to the driving end of the discharging auger 43 and is used for providing power for the discharging auger 43, the output end of the second speed reducing motor 44 is provided with a discharging auger driving wheel 441, and the discharging auger driving wheel 441 is in transmission connection with a second belt pulley 431 through a belt;
the discharging and flow guiding assembly 45 is positioned between the drying box 1 and the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 and is used for connecting the drying box 1 and the V-shaped discharging hopper 41 and guiding grains, the discharging and flow guiding assembly comprises a plurality of V-shaped material accumulating grooves 451 which are uniformly arranged between two side plates 42 in the width direction of the drying box 1 and are connected with each other, the bottom of a single V-shaped material accumulating groove 451 is provided with an opening, two ends of a V-shaped material accumulating groove 451 are respectively fixed on the side plates 42, the V-shaped material accumulating groove 451 consists of pairs of symmetrical discharging lower inclined plates 4511, each discharging lower inclined plate 4511 comprises a horizontal section and an inclined section, the angle between the horizontal section and the inclined section is theta, the theta is not less than 100 degrees and not more than 150 degrees, preferably not less than 120 degrees, the outermost discharging lower inclined plate 4511 in the width direction of the drying box 1 is fixed at the bottom of the drying box 1 through a connecting plate;
the upper end opening end of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41 is respectively fixed at the bottom of the outer discharge lower inclined plate 4511 at the tail of the head in the width direction of the drying box 1, an inverted V-shaped guide plate 452 is arranged in a single V-shaped material accumulating groove 451, a second V-shaped material accumulating groove 453 and a third V-shaped material accumulating groove 454 with the bottoms of both open structures are formed, and two ends of the inverted V-shaped guide plate 452 are respectively fixed on the two side plates 42;
a plurality of discharge impeller assemblies 46 for discharging the grains in the second "V" type accumulation chute 453 and the third "V" type accumulation chute 454, wherein each discharge impeller assembly 46 comprises a th discharge impeller 461 and a second discharge impeller 462, both ends of the th discharge impeller 461 and the second discharge impeller 462 are respectively fixed on the two side plates 42 through a bearing with a seat, the ends of the th discharge impeller 461 and the second discharge impeller 462 are respectively provided with a driven gear 463, the th discharge impeller 461 is positioned below the second "V" type accumulation chute 453 and just blocks the chute bottom opening of the second "V" type accumulation chute 453, the grains in the second "V" type accumulation chute 453 can only be discharged into the "V" type accumulation chute 451 by the rotation of the th discharge impeller 461, the second discharge impeller 462 is positioned below the third "V" type accumulation chute 454 and can only block the opening of the third "V" type accumulation chute 454 by the rotation of the second discharge impeller 462, the second discharge impeller 462 and the discharge hopper 451, and the discharge hopper can only rotate from the second discharge hopper 462 to the second discharge chute bottom of the second "V" type accumulation chute 454 "V" type accumulation chute 451, and the discharge impeller 62, and the discharge hopper can only rotate from the second discharge hopper 734 "V" type accumulation chute 451;
the position of the third speed reducing motor 47 corresponds to the driven gear 463 for providing power for the discharging impeller assembly 46, an impeller driving gear 471 is arranged at the output end of the third speed reducing motor 47, a plurality of tension wheels 48 are further arranged on the side plate 42, the positions of the tension wheels 48 are adjustable, the impeller driving gear 471 is respectively connected with the driven gears 463 and the tension wheels 48 in a chain transmission manner, the tightness of the chain is adjusted by adjusting the tension wheels 48, the discharging impeller 461 and the second discharging impeller 462 rotate in opposite directions during the chain transmission manner, so that grains are discharged to the opening at the bottom along the two inclined plates of the V-shaped collecting groove 451, the flow rate of the discharged grains is adjusted by the third speed reducing motor 47 through frequency conversion control, and the corresponding adjustment can be performed according to different drying processes and requirements, and the multipurpose of the machine is realized.
In order to facilitate the maintenance of the discharging mechanism, a plurality of maintenance openings 421 corresponding to the second V-shaped material accumulating groove 453 and the third V-shaped material accumulating groove 454 are formed in the side plate 42, and the maintenance openings 421 are sealed by cover plates.
The air inlet box 5 is fixed on the air inlet plate 11 and is respectively communicated with the air inlet horn-shaped boxes 13 and used for conveying hot air required by grain drying into the drying box 1, a plurality of air inlets are formed in the air inlet box 5, a temperature probe is arranged in the air inlet box 5 to monitor the air inlet temperature, and a condenser 8 is arranged at each air inlet;
the heat supply device 6 is positioned at the side of the drying device and used for heating the inlet air of the air inlet box 5 to provide heat energy for drying grains, the heat supply device 6 is preferably an air energy heat pump heat supply device which comprises a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion mechanism and related accessories which are integrated at , and the air energy heat pump heat supply device is connected with the condenser 8 through a pipeline;
the heat pump working principle is that a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium in a heat pump enters an air side evaporator to be evaporated and absorb heat after being throttled and reduced in pressure by an expansion mechanism, a large amount of heat is absorbed from air, the working medium after being evaporated and absorbed heat enters a compressor in a gaseous state and is compressed to become a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium (at the moment, the heat stored in the working medium is divided into two parts, namely a part is heat Q1 absorbed from the air, a part is heat Q2 converted from electric energy input into the compressor when the working medium is compressed), the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure working medium enters a condenser through a pipeline, the heat (Q1+ Q2) contained in the working medium is released to low-temperature air passing through the condenser, the low-temperature air is heated to form high-temperature hot air, the high-temperature hot air enters a drying box 1 through an air inlet box 5, the working medium after heat release enters the expansion mechanism in a liquid state, the throttling and pressure reduction, the working medium is circulated uninterruptedly, the heat Q3 obtained by heating the air is the heat Q1+ absorbed by the working medium from the air, the air is converted into heat Q2, the heat Q3, the heat absorbed by the working medium absorbed by the air, the high-temperature of the compressor is more favorable for controlling the whole grain drying process, the heat without heat of the high-temperature, the grain drying box, the.
The invention integrates the heat pump heating device and the drying equipment main body, overcomes the defects of high energy consumption, high emission and high operation cost of the traditional drying equipment, and has the advantages of high efficiency, quality guarantee, energy saving, low consumption, safety, reliability, convenient operation and low cost. Compared with the traditional hot air drying, the energy is saved by more than 20%, the pollutant emission is reduced by more than 35%, and the quality of the dried grains can be effectively improved.
Go out bellows 7 and be located out on the tuber plate 12 and communicate with air-out horn shape box 14 respectively for exhaust waste gas after the cereal is dried, be equipped with a plurality of mixed flow fan 9 that are used for airing exhaust on the air-out bellows 7, simultaneously in order to improve heat utilization rate, can filter mixed flow fan 9 exhaust hot-blast after, lead to heat pump heating device through the pipeline, carry out recycle to heat wherein through the evaporimeter.
The air outlet box 7 is also communicated with the lifting mechanism 31 through a dust removal pipeline and is used for pumping away dust and light impurities in the grains during feeding.
Still be provided with base 10 in drying device bottom, base 10 bottom is equipped with universal wheel 101 of taking self-locking function, and drying device overall structure is less in addition for whole equipment can constant range removal again, and convenient to use and flexible operation are particularly useful for the grain drying process after the scattered planting and the results such as individual peasant household and hills mountain area.
It should be noted that, in order to prevent environmental pollution caused by diffusion of dust and light impurities into the atmosphere and heat loss caused by leakage of hot air for drying grains in the grain drying process, the drying device should be integrally sealed except for the material inlet/outlet, the access hole and the impurity removing hole.
In order to realize the water loss state of real-time detection grain drying, a sampling port can be arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped discharge hopper 41, and the water loss rate of the grain can be detected by sampling the grain of the sampling port in real time.
The working principle of the grain drying device provided by the invention is as follows:
detecting the water content of high-moisture grains, setting operation parameters (including feeding rate, discharging rate, drying temperature and drying time) of a drying device according to the types and the water contents of the grains, starting a speed reducing motor 311 to start a lifting mechanism 31 and a feeding auger 32, putting the grains containing high moisture into a grain feed hopper 33, lifting the grains to the feeding end of the feeding auger 32 through the lifting mechanism 31, conveying the grains to a cache part 2 through the feeding auger 32, entering the drying box 1 through the cache part 2 and filling the whole drying box 1, then sequentially starting a second speed reducing motor 44 to start a discharging auger 43, starting a third speed reducing motor 47 to start a discharging impeller assembly 46 to enable the grains in the drying device to start circulating flow, starting a mixed flow fan 9 and an air energy heat pump heating device to mix air out from the drying box 9 to enable negative pressure to be formed in the drying box 1, enabling air outside the air inlet 5 to enter the air inlet 5 after passing through a cooling air inlet 5 and then enter the drying box 1, enabling the air outlet to pass through a ventilation box 1 to form negative pressure, enabling the air outlet to be in the drying box to be in contact with air outlet, enabling the drying box to be in a preset circulation heating temperature and to be discharged from a mixed flow, and enabling the drying box to be in a drying box 13, and enabling the drying box to be discharged from the drying box to be in a preset drying box, and discharging angular form a drying device, and discharging angular shape, and enabling the drying device to take.
The grain drying device is applied to grains of different types and different water contents, according to the high temperature resistance and the high and low water content of the grains, grains with low water content and high temperature resistance can be continuously dried at high temperature by setting related parameters, and grains with high water content and low temperature resistance can be circularly dried at low temperature by setting related parameters.
The following will explain rice, wheat and corn as examples.
The adopted drying device can accommodate 5 tons of grains.
According to the regulation, the water content of the dried rice cannot be higher than 14%.
For the paddy with high water content, the high-temperature drying can not meet the requirement for times, the high-temperature circulation can destroy the quality of the paddy, the low-temperature circulation drying is preferred, for example, the paddy with the water content of 30% is used, the drying temperature is preferably 60 ℃, the feeding and discharging speed is controlled to be 2.5t/h, the water content of 5 tons of paddy can be dried to 14% after the paddy is circularly dried for 8 times, and the total drying efficiency is 0.31 t/h;
for the paddy with low water content, high-temperature continuous drying for times can be adopted to meet the drying requirement, for example, the paddy with 17% water content is dried at the optimal temperature of 80 ℃, the feeding and discharging speed is controlled at 2.5t/h, 5 tons of paddy can be dried for 1 time in a circulating way, the paddy with the initial water content of 17% can be dried to 14%, and the total drying efficiency is 2.5 t/h.
According to the regulations, the water content of the dried wheat cannot be higher than 13%.
For the wheat with high water content, the requirement cannot be met for times by adopting high-temperature drying, the quality of the wheat can be damaged by high-temperature circulation, low-temperature circulation drying is preferred, for example, the wheat with 28% of water content is dried at 60 ℃, the feeding and discharging speed is controlled to be 2.5t/h, the wheat with 28% of initial water content can be dried to 13% by 5 times of wheat circulation drying of 5 tons, and the total drying efficiency is 0.5 t/h;
for the wheat with low water content, high-temperature continuous drying for times can be adopted to meet the drying requirement, taking the wheat with 18% water content as an example, the drying temperature is preferably 80 ℃, the feeding and discharging speed is controlled to be 1.25t/h, 5 tons of wheat can be circularly dried for 1 time to dry the wheat with 18% initial water content to 13%, and the total drying efficiency is 1.25 t/h.
According to the regulations, the water content of the dried corn cannot be higher than 14%.
For the corns with high water content, the high-temperature drying can not reach the requirement for times, in view of the good high-temperature resistance of the corns, high-temperature circulating drying can be adopted, taking the corns with the water content of 30% as an example, the drying temperature is preferably 80 ℃, the feeding and discharging speed is controlled at 2.5t/h, the corns with the initial water content of 30% can be dried to 14% after 5 times of circulating drying, and the total drying efficiency is 0.5 t/h;
for the corns with low water content, high-temperature continuous drying for times can be adopted to meet the drying requirement, taking the corns with 18% water content as an example, the drying temperature is preferably 80 ℃, the feeding and discharging speed is controlled at 2.5t/h, the corns with 30% initial water content can be dried to 14% after being circularly dried for 1 time, and the total drying efficiency is 2.5 t/h.
The following are practical applications for different types of grains with different water contents:
in conclusion, the grain drying device can meet the drying requirements of grains of different types and different water contents, can perform continuous drying treatment on low-moisture grains and can perform circulating drying treatment on high-moisture grains, and compared with the conventional grain drying machine, the grain drying device has the advantages that the energy consumption is obviously reduced, the efficiency is high, and the energy is saved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the following claims .
Claims (10)
1. Cereal drying device, its characterized in that includes:
the drying box (1) is used for heating and drying grains, the top of the drying box is provided with a cache part (2) with a length corresponding to that of the drying box (1), the top and the bottom of the drying box (1) are respectively of an open structure, and an air inlet plate (11) and an air outlet plate (12) are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the drying box, a plurality of layers of drying layers are arranged in the drying box (1), each layer of drying layer comprises a plurality of air inlet angle-shaped boxes (13) and air outlet angle-shaped boxes (14) which are horizontally arranged along the length direction of the drying box (1), a single air inlet angle-shaped box (13) and a single air outlet angle-shaped box (14) are vertically aligned, the bottoms of the air inlet angle-shaped boxes (13) and the air outlet angle-shaped boxes (14) are of open structures, the tops of the air inlet angle-shaped boxes are of inverted V-shaped structures, two side faces are punching screen plates, the end portions of the two side faces are end openings end seals, the apertures of the punching holes are smaller than the grain screen plates, the opening end openings of the air inlet angle-shaped boxes (13) are respectively fixed on the air inlet plate (11), the closed end (12) of the air outlet plate (14), the air inlet angle-shaped boxes are respectively fixed on the air outlet plate (11), the air;
the feeding mechanism (3) is communicated with the drying box (1), and the discharging end of the feeding mechanism is positioned at the top of the drying box (1) and used for conveying grains to be dried into the drying box (1) for drying;
the discharging mechanism (4) is positioned at the bottom of the drying box (1), the discharging end of the discharging mechanism is provided with a discharging end valve and is communicated with the feeding end of the feeding mechanism (3) and used for directly discharging grains discharged from the drying box (1) from a discharging valve or conveying the grains to the feeding mechanism (3), and the grains are conveyed into the drying box (1) again through the feeding mechanism (3) to be circularly dried;
the air inlet box (5) is fixed on the air inlet plate (11), is respectively communicated with the air inlet horn-shaped boxes (13), and is used for conveying hot air required by grain drying into the drying box (1);
the heat supply device (6) is positioned at the side of the drying device and is used for heating the inlet air of the air inlet box (5) to provide heat energy for drying grains;
and the air outlet box (7) is positioned on the air outlet plate (12) and is respectively communicated with the air outlet horn-shaped box (14) for discharging waste gas after grain drying, and a plurality of mixed flow fans (9) for exhausting air are arranged on the air outlet box (7).
2. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the feeding mechanism (3) comprises a lifting mechanism (31) which is vertically arranged and a feeding screw conveyor (32) which is arranged in parallel;
the bottom of the lifting mechanism (31) is provided with a grain feed hopper (33) for receiving grains to be dried, the top of the lifting mechanism is communicated with the feed end of the feed auger (32), and the lifting mechanism is used for lifting the grains to be dried to the feed end of the feed auger (32);
feeding screw feeder (32) run through buffer memory portion (2), the level setting directly over drying cabinet (1) along the length direction of drying cabinet (1), be equipped with feed chute (21) that correspond with feeding screw feeder (32) in buffer memory portion (2), feed chute (21) bottom is equipped with feed opening (211) that correspond with drying cabinet (1) on the length direction, feeding screw feeder (32) are used for carrying the cereal that comes from hoist mechanism (31) along feed chute (21) direction, cereal in feed chute (21) relies on the dead weight to fall from feed opening (211) is vertical, goes into in drying cabinet (1) behind buffer memory portion (2).
3. Grain drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge mechanism (4) comprises:
the V-shaped discharge hopper (41) is arranged right below the drying box (1) along the length direction of the drying box (1), the length of the V-shaped discharge hopper corresponds to that of the drying box (1) and is used for collecting grains dried by the drying box (1), and side plates (42) used for sealing two ends of the V-shaped discharge hopper (41) are arranged at the bottom of the drying box (1);
the discharging auger (43) is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) along the length direction of the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) and is used for conveying the grains dried by the drying box (1) to the feeding end of the lifting mechanism (31);
the discharging and flow guiding assembly (45) is positioned between the drying box (1) and the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) and is used for connecting the drying box (1) and the V-shaped discharging hopper (41) and guiding grains.
4. The grain drying device according to claim 1, wherein the heating device (6) is an air energy heat pump heating device, and comprises an air compressor, an evaporator, an expansion mechanism and related accessories which are integrated in , and the air energy heat pump heating device converts low-level heat energy in air into high-level heat energy to heat the inlet air of the air inlet box (5).
5. The grain drying apparatus of claim 4, wherein: singly be equipped with a plurality of air intakes on air inlet box (5), singly air intake department is equipped with condenser (8), condenser (8) are connected with air energy heat pump heating device through the pipeline.
6. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air outlet box (7) is communicated with the lifting mechanism (31) through a dust removal pipeline and is used for pumping away dust and light impurities in the grains during feeding.
7. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the V-shaped discharge hopper (41) is provided with a movable turnover plate for removing grains remained at the bottom of the discharge hopper after shutdown.
8. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein said discharge valve is disposed at the feed end of said feed auger (32).
9. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the size of a feed opening (211) at the bottom of the feed chute (21) is adjustable.
10. The grain drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the drying device is characterized in that a base (10) is further arranged at the bottom of the drying device, and universal wheels (101) with a self-locking function are arranged at the bottom of the base (10).
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| CN113892351A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-01-07 | 徐州市海涛制冷设备有限公司 | Air energy cold and hot fan granary structure |
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| CN110731379B (en) | 2024-03-22 |
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