CN110724859B - Homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of carrying out heat preservation on a 6-series aluminum alloy cast ingot at 550-580 ℃ for 8-12 hours, then cooling, wherein the cooling mode adopts air cooling to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-6 ℃/min, then carrying out water mist cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5-7 ℃/min, and obtaining the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy. The residual Mg in the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy structure prepared by the method of the invention2The relative area and the aspect ratio of the Si eutectic phase and the average area and the aspect ratio of the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase are in the optimal range, so that the aluminum alloy has better performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a metal processing technology, and particularly relates to a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum is considered to be the most economical and practical in a plurality of application fields, and alloy elements are added into the aluminum and a heat treatment mode is applied to strengthen the aluminum as a structural material, so that aluminum alloy is produced, wherein 6 series aluminum alloy is also called aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, is heat treatment type corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, has higher strength and corrosion resistance, has better uniformity, and is the aluminum alloy which is sold in the market at presentProducts which are relatively fluid in the field are particularly important in engineering applications and are mainly used for extruded profiles. The metal and the alloy inevitably generate dendritic segregation and eutectic structures in the casting solidification process, and the dendritic segregation and the eutectic structures in the alloy are eliminated or reduced through a homogenization treatment process, so that the nonuniformity of chemical components and structures in the alloy is reduced. The temperature in the homogenization process influences the dissolution speed of the eutectic phase, and when the temperature is higher, the heat preservation time can be reduced. The cooling rate in the homogenization process also influences the structure of the homogenized aluminum alloy, the cooling rate is too high, great stress can be generated in the structure, the aluminum alloy is deformed, the cooling rate is slow, and coarse Mg can be generated2Si phase is separated out, and the later processing performance of the aluminum alloy is seriously influenced. In the existing reports of 6 series aluminum alloy homogenization treatment, the homogenization time is too long, the cost is too high, the cooling rate is not clearly given, and some methods also adopt two-stage homogenization, the homogenization time is too long, the cost is higher, for example, in the novel Al-Mg-Si alloy material disclosed in the prior art, the homogenization time is too long, the cost is too high, the cooling rate is not clearly given, in addition, the homogenization time range in the disclosed Al-Mg-Si alloy is larger, the cooling rate after homogenization is not clearly given, and the two-stage homogenization is adopted in the disclosed aluminum alloy ingot casting and aluminum alloy homogenization process, the homogenization time is too long, and the cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for homogenizing 6 series aluminum alloy and homogenized 6 series aluminum alloy prepared by the method, and residual Mg in the structure of the homogenized 6 series aluminum alloy prepared by the method2The relative area and the length-width ratio of the Si eutectic phase and the average area and the length-width ratio of the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase are excellent and reasonable, so that the aluminum alloy has more excellent performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of carrying out heat preservation on a 6-series aluminum alloy ingot at 550-580 ℃ for 8-12 hours, and then cooling to obtain the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
In the technical scheme, the cooling comprises air cooling and water mist cooling, and preferably, the water mist cooling is carried out after the air cooling; further preferably, the cooling rate is 3-6 ℃/min during air cooling, and the water mist is adopted to cool to the room temperature when the air cooling is carried out to 300 ℃, and the cooling rate of the water mist is 5-7 ℃/min, so as to obtain the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy. In the prior art, homogenization heat preservation is generally adopted and then water cooling is directly carried out or water cooling and air cooling are carried out firstly, air cooling is carried out at the speed of 3-6 ℃/min after homogenization, and then water mist cooling is carried out, wherein the water mist cooling rate is 5-7 ℃/min, so that stress caused by over-quick cooling is avoided, a precipitated phase is prevented from being too thick, the precipitated phase can be quickly redissolved during later-stage solution treatment, and finally, the homogenized aluminum alloy with ideal organization can be obtained.
In the invention, the 6-series aluminum alloy cast ingot is an existing product and refers to a product before homogenization; preferably, the 6 series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.8 wt% of Mg, 0.4 to 1.1 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.4 wt% of Cu, 0.03 to 0.7 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of total impurity content, less than or equal to 0.03% of single impurity content, and the balance of Al.
In the present invention, the 6-series aluminum alloy ingot is preferably kept at 560 ℃ for 8 to 12 hours and then cooled to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy. The prior art adopts the holding time of more than 12 hours, even longer time, and hopes to eliminate or reduce the dendritic segregation and eutectic structure in the alloy and reduce the nonuniformity of chemical components and structures in the alloy, but the holding time is too long, so the cost is higher. Some homogenization processes do not focus on the cooling process, so that the cooling rate is too high or too low, and the homogenization structure performance of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is reduced. The method preferentially adopts air cooling, the cooling rate is 3-6 ℃/min, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is cooled to 300 ℃, then water mist is adopted for cooling to room temperature, the water mist cooling rate is 5-7 ℃/min, and due to the adoption of the proper cooling rate, the aluminum alloy cast ingot can not generate stress due to too high cooling speed, and can not generate thick precipitated phase due to too low cooling speed, so that residual Mg in an aluminum alloy structure can not be generated2Relative area and aspect ratio of Si eutectic phase and average area and length of Al (Mn, Fe) Si phaseThe width ratio is in the optimal range, and the performance of the aluminum alloy is more excellent.
In the invention, the cooled homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy can be directly used for processing and forming without other treatment, the obtained product has excellent performance, and the defect that the prior art needs further treatment is overcome.
In the prior art, the melting temperature of a low-melting-point eutectic phase in 6 series aluminum alloy is determined through DSC, and then homogenization treatment is carried out at a certain temperature, so that the content of a low-melting-point eutectic phase Mg2Si phase in the aluminum alloy can be reduced, the structure of an Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase is changed, and a needle-shaped Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase is converted into a granular alpha-Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase, so that the aluminum alloy has more excellent performance, but the homogenization time is longer, the cooling mode is not favorable for controlling the size of a precipitated phase, so that more low-melting-point eutectic phases and needle-shaped Al (Mn, Fe) Si phases remain in the structure of the 6 series aluminum alloy, and the later-stage processing. The homogenization and cooling are carried out within the homogenization temperature range specified in the method, the eutectic phase of the low-melting-point Mg2Si in the structure of the 6-series aluminum alloy is completely dissolved, the needle-shaped Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase is completely converted into the granular alpha-Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase, and the size of a precipitated phase in the cooling process is smaller, so that the performance of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy is more excellent, and the later-stage processing is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure picture of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure picture of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure picture according to example 3;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure picture obtained in example 4;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure picture of example 5;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure picture obtained in example 6;
FIG. 7 is a metallographic structure picture of comparative example 1;
FIG. 8 is a metallographic structure picture of comparative example 2;
FIG. 9 is a metallographic structure picture of comparative example 3;
FIG. 10 is a metallographic structure picture of comparative example 4;
FIG. 11 is a metallographic structure picture of comparative example 5;
FIG. 12 is a metallographic structure picture of comparative example 6;
FIG. 13 is a metallographic structure picture of example 7;
FIG. 14 is a metallographic structure picture of example 8;
FIG. 15 is a metallographic structure picture of example 9;
FIG. 16 is a metallographic structure picture of an industrial ingot 1;
FIG. 17 is a metallographic structure picture of an industrial ingot 2;
FIG. 18 is a metallographic structure picture of an industrial ingot 3;
FIG. 19 is a metallographic structure picture of an industrial ingot 4;
FIG. 20 is a metallographic structure picture of an industrial ingot 5;
FIG. 21 is a metallographic structure picture of an industrial ingot 6;
the scales in the figures are all 50 μm.
Detailed Description
The method adopts the homogenization temperature of 550-580 ℃ and the homogenization time of 8-12h, the air cooling is firstly carried out, the cooling rate is 3-6 ℃/min, the water mist is adopted to cool to the room temperature after the air cooling is carried out to 300 ℃, and the water mist cooling rate is 5-7 ℃/min. The method can ensure the most effective effect of homogenization and residual Mg in the homogenized aluminum alloy structure2The relative area and the aspect ratio of the Si eutectic phase and the average area and the aspect ratio of the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase are in the optimal range, so that the aluminum alloy has better performance.
The preparation method of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of carrying out heat preservation on a 6-series aluminum alloy cast ingot at 550-580 ℃ for 8-12 hours, and then cooling to obtain the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy; the cooling is preferably air-cooled and then water-mist cooled.
Example 1
The 6-series aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 0.8% of Mg, 1.1% of Si, 0.4% of Cu, 0.7% of Mn, 0.2% of Fe, 0.2% of Cr, 0.15% of Zn, 0.02% of Ti, and the balance of Al and conventional impurities (the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.03%). And (3) preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy cast ingot at 550 ℃ for 8 hours, then cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot from 550 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, then cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature by water mist at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Example 2
The aluminum alloy ingot in example 1 was heat-insulated at 565 ℃ for 10 hours, then air-cooled to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, and then water mist cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Example 3
The aluminum alloy ingot of example 1 was heat-insulated at 580 ℃ for 12 hours, then air-cooled to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min, then mist-cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Example 4
The 6-series aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 0.5% of Mg, 0.4% of Si, 0.03% of Cu, 0.05% of Mn, 0.03% of Fe, 0.03% of Cr, 0.02% of Zn, 0.008% of Ti, and the balance of Al and conventional impurities (the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.03%). And (3) preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy cast ingot at 550 ℃ for 8 hours, then cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot from 550 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, then cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature by water mist at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Example 5
The aluminum alloy in example 4 was heat preserved at 565 ℃ for 10 hours, then air cooled to below 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, then cooled to room temperature with water mist at a cooling rate of 7 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Example 6
The aluminum alloy in the example 4 is kept at 580 ℃ for 12 hours, then is air-cooled to below 300 ℃, the cooling rate is 6 ℃/min, then is cooled to room temperature by water mist, and the cooling rate of the water mist is 5 ℃/min, so that the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy is obtained.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum alloy ingot of example 1 was heat-insulated at 550 ℃ for 8 hours, and then cooled from 550 ℃ with water mist to room temperature at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 2
The aluminum alloy ingot of example 1 was kept at 550 ℃ for 8 hours, and then air-cooled from 550 ℃ to room temperature to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 3
The aluminum alloy ingot casting of the example 1 is kept at 550 ℃ for 8 hours, then water cooling is carried out from 550 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a water cooling rate of 10 ℃/min, then water mist is cooled to room temperature at a water mist cooling rate of 6 ℃/min, and the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy is obtained.
Comparative example 4
The aluminum alloy ingot of example 1 was heat-insulated at 550 ℃ for 7 hours, then air-cooled from 550 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, then mist-cooled to room temperature at a mist cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 5
The aluminum alloy ingot of example 1 was heat-insulated at 540 ℃ for 10 hours, then air-cooled from 540 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, then mist-cooled to room temperature at a mist cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 6
The aluminum alloy ingot of example 4 was heat-insulated at 550 ℃ for 20 hours, then air-cooled from 550 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, then mist-cooled to room temperature at a mist cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Performance testing
Respectively sampling from the surface, the semi-center and the center of the prepared homogenized aluminum alloy, and carrying out metallographic test, wherein the times of metallographic photos are 200 times, the number of the metallographic photos of each sample is 50, and the coverage area of each metallographic photo is not less than 25mm2Obtaining eutectic phase parameters of each heat treatment sample, specifically Mg2Relative area of Si eutectic phase, Mg2The aspect ratio of the Si eutectic phase, the average area of the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase, and the aspect ratio of the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase; the eutectic phase parameters of the samples subjected to surface, semi-center and core heat treatment contained in each group of homogenized aluminum alloyThe average of (a) is taken as the eutectic phase parameter for each group of homogenized aluminum alloys. Table 1 shows the parameters of the Mg2Si eutectic phase and the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase in the above examples and comparative examples.
TABLE 1 parameters relating to Mg2Si eutectic and Al (Mn, Fe) Si phases in the examples and comparative examples
The results in example 1 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 in table 1 above show that the cooling mode affects the parameters of the residual Mg2Si eutectic phase and Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase in the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy, when air cooling is first adopted to cool to 300 ℃, the rate is 3 ℃ -6 ℃/min, then water mist cooling is adopted, the cooling rate is 5-7 ℃/min, the parameters of the residual Mg2Si eutectic phase and Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase in the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy are smaller, which indicates that the structure is more uniform, and the homogenization effect is better. The results of example 1 and comparative examples 4 and 5 show that the parameters for homogenizing the residual Mg2Si eutectic phase and Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase in the 6-series aluminum alloy are larger and the aluminum alloy has a nonuniform texture when the homogenization time is shorter or the homogenization temperature is lower. The results of example 4 and comparative example 6 show that the parameters of the residual Mg2Si eutectic phase and Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase in the 6-series aluminum alloy were very little changed when the homogenization time exceeded 8 hours, indicating that the homogenization effect of blindly extending the homogenization time was general.
After the aluminum alloy in the present example and the comparative example was subjected to the homogenization treatment, the test piece was cut into a 30mmX30mm strip shape to be subjected to a conventional tensile test. Table 2 shows the tensile test piece property results of the homogenized aluminum alloys in the above examples and comparative examples. The comparison of the results of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 shows that the cooling mode has great influence on the hardness and the tensile strength of the sample, and the hardness and the tensile strength are best when the mode of cooling with air firstly and then cooling with water mist is adopted. Comparison of the results of example 1 and comparative examples 4 and 5 shows that the hardness and tensile strength of the samples are lower when the homogenization time is shorter and the homogenization temperature is lower. The comparison of example 4 and comparative example 6 shows that when the homogenization time is too long, the hardness and tensile strength of the test specimen do not change much or even the tensile strength is reduced, indicating that the blind increase of the homogenization time does not greatly affect the properties of the test specimen.
TABLE 2 tensile test results in examples and comparative examples
Comparison of industrialization
Example 7
The 6-series aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 0.65% of Mg, 0.7% of Si, 0.2% of Cu, 0.3% of Mn, 0.1% of Fe, 0.1% of Cr, 0.07% of Zn, 0.01% of Ti, and the balance of Al and conventional impurities (the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.03%). And (3) preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy cast ingot at 550 ℃ for 8 hours, then cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot from 550 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, then cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature by water mist at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Example 8
The aluminum alloy in example 7 was heat-insulated at 565 ℃ for 10 hours, then air-cooled to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, then mist-cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
Example 9
The aluminum alloy in example 7 was kept at 580 ℃ for 12 hours, then air-cooled to 300 ℃ at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min, and then mist-cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy.
The aluminum alloy of example 8 was treated using the homogenization procedure of Table 3, wherein the first cooling steps involved were all to 300 ℃ and the results of the parameters and tensile properties of the residual eutectic Mg2Si phase and Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase in the homogenized metallographic structure of conventional industrial ingots are shown in Table 3 and the results of the tensile properties of the homogenized aluminum alloy of conventional industrial ingots are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3 parameters relating to Mg2Si eutectic and Al (Mn, Fe) Si phases
Comparison of the results of Table 3 above with commercial ingots 1, 2 and 3 and example 8 shows that the cooling affects homogenization of residual Mg in the 6-series aluminum alloy2The parameters of Si eutectic phase and Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase are that when the Si eutectic phase and the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase are cooled to 300 ℃ by air cooling at the speed of 3-6 ℃/min and then cooled by water mist at the cooling speed of 5-7 ℃/min, the residual Mg in the 6 series aluminum alloy is homogenized2The parameters of the Si eutectic phase and the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase are better, which shows that the structure is more uniform and the homogenization effect is better. Industrial ingots 4 and 5 in comparison with example 8, when the homogenization time was short or the homogenization temperature was low, Mg remaining in the 6-series aluminum alloy was homogenized2The parameters of the Si eutectic phase and the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase are larger, and the structure of the aluminum alloy is not uniform. In comparison of industrial ingot 6 with example 8, when the homogenization time was prolonged, Mg remained in the 6-series aluminum alloy2The variation of the parameters of the Si eutectic phase and the Al (Mn, Fe) Si phase is small, which indicates that the homogenization effect of blindly prolonging the homogenization time is general.
TABLE 4 commercial ingot tensile specimen results
The comparative results of the industrial ingots 1, 2 and 3 and the example 8 in the table 4 show that the cooling mode influences the hardness and the tensile strength of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy, and when the ingot is cooled to 300 ℃ by air cooling at the speed of 3-6 ℃/min and then cooled by water mist at the cooling speed of 5-7 ℃/min, the hardness and the tensile strength of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy are higher, which indicates that the homogenization effect is better. Industrial ingots 4 and 5 compared with example 8, when the homogenization time is shorter or the homogenization temperature is lower, the hardness and tensile strength of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy are smaller, indicating that the aluminum alloy has poor performance and the homogenization effect is poor. Compared with example 8, the hardness and tensile strength of the 6-series aluminum alloy did not change much or even decreased when the homogenization time was extended, indicating that the extension time did not contribute much to the homogenization effect of the aluminum alloy.
Claims (2)
1. The preparation method of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of carrying out heat preservation on a 6-series aluminum alloy cast ingot at 550-580 ℃ for 8-12 hours, and then cooling to obtain the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy; cooling is carried out by firstly carrying out air cooling to 300 ℃, and then carrying out water mist cooling to room temperature; the cooling rate of air cooling is 3-6 ℃/min; the water mist cooling rate is 5-7 ℃/min; the 6-series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.8 wt% of Mg, 0.4 to 1.1 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.4 wt% of Cu, 0.03 to 0.7 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.02 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of total impurity content, less than or equal to 0.03% of single impurity content, and the balance of Al.
2. Use of the homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy according to claim 1 in the preparation of an aluminum alloy material.
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| CN111690847A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-09-22 | 四川中德铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy profile and preparation method thereof |
| CN111636015B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-03-15 | 广东澳美铝业有限公司 | Processing technology of high-strength easy-to-weld aluminum alloy section |
| CN114774814A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-22 | 云南云铝泽鑫铝业有限公司 | 6-series aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy bar homogenizing heat treatment process |
| CN115109906B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-06-16 | 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy hot rolled plate for automobile and preparation method thereof |
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