CN110723729A - Kish graphite cathode material for lithium ion battery and modification process of Kish graphite cathode material - Google Patents
Kish graphite cathode material for lithium ion battery and modification process of Kish graphite cathode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110723729A CN110723729A CN201910917287.7A CN201910917287A CN110723729A CN 110723729 A CN110723729 A CN 110723729A CN 201910917287 A CN201910917287 A CN 201910917287A CN 110723729 A CN110723729 A CN 110723729A
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and discloses a modification process of a Kish graphite cathode material for a lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a modified Kish graphite cathode material and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The power lithium ion battery is one of the current development hotspots, the negative electrode material of the power lithium ion battery generally uses artificial graphite, and in order to ensure the energy density of the power lithium ion battery, negative electrode manufacturers generally favor to adopting needle coke as a raw material and preparing the artificial graphite with high capacity and high compaction through composite granulation. However, the price of the needle coke is several times that of the common petroleum coke, which undoubtedly reduces the cost performance of the product, and in addition, the artificial graphite prepared by the needle coke has a capacity which hardly exceeds 365mAh/g, and there is no space for capacity increase.
Kish graphite is common waste slag in the steel industry, has high crystallization degree, and the graphitization degree of the Kish graphite is almost the same as that of natural flake graphite. However, Kish graphite has been regarded as a waste material for a long time, and the recycling of Kish graphite is promoted in recent years due to the shortage of high-quality natural graphite and the problem of environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a novel Kish graphite cathode material for a lithium ion battery and a modification process thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a modification process of a Kish graphite cathode material for a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
a1, mixing the Kish graphite raw material with the medium temperature asphalt and the modified asphalt in a solid phase manner according to the mass ratio of 10 (0.2 ~ 04) to (0.1 ~ 0.2.2), and fusing the Kish graphite raw material with the medium temperature asphalt and the modified asphalt by a room temperature fusion machine to form a compound after uniformly mixing.
A2, heating the compound prepared in the step A1 to 400 ℃ under the inert atmosphere while stirring, carrying out constant temperature treatment for 1 ~ 5h, then continuously heating to 500 ~ 600 ℃, preserving the heat for 1 ~ 2h, and cooling to obtain a precursor;
and A3, carbonizing the precursor prepared in the step A2 in an inert atmosphere, wherein the temperature rising speed of carbonization is 1 ~ 2 ℃/min, the highest temperature of carbonization is 1100 ~ 1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 ~ 3 hours at the highest temperature of carbonization.
And A4, after carbonization, scattering, screening and demagnetizing the cooled carbonized product, and packaging to obtain the Kish graphite cathode material for the lithium ion battery.
Further, in the step A1, the Kish graphite raw material is a purified, powdered and shaped Kish graphite material, the shape of the Kish graphite material is potato-shaped, and the particle size D of the Kish graphite material is50=10 ~ 12 μm, purity ≥ 99.9%.
Further, the medium-temperature asphalt is sold in the market, the ash content is less than or equal to 0.1%, the softening point is 65-90 ℃, and the modified asphalt comprises coal asphalt and petroleum asphalt, the ash content is less than or equal to 0.01%, the TI is less than or equal to 10%, the softening point is 120 ~ 220, and the modified asphalt comprises coal asphalt and petroleum asphalt.
Further, in the step A1, the room temperature fusion condition is that the rotating speed is 800 ~ 2500rpm, the fusion time is 2 ~ 10min, and the fusion temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃.
Further, in the step A2, the inert atmosphere is argon gas, the purity is more than or equal to 99.999 percent, the stirring is carried out by adopting a stirrer, and the rotating speed of the stirrer is 50 ~ 80 rpm.
Further, in the step A2, the compound is heated to 400 ℃ under the inert atmosphere while stirring, the heating speed is 0.3 ~ 0.8.8 ℃/min, then the temperature is continuously increased to 500 ~ 600 ℃, and the heating speed is 1 ~ 2 ℃/min.
Further, in step a3, the inert atmosphere includes, but is not limited to, nitrogen, argon, helium, etc. which do not chemically react with the product precursor at the carbonization temperature, and may be a pure atmosphere or a mixture of several gases.
The Kish graphite cathode material for the lithium ion battery prepared by the modification process has the reversible capacity of 365 ~ 370mAh/g, the compaction density of 1.80 ~ 1.85g/cc, and the capacity retention rate of 2000 cycles of 1C charge-discharge cycle of more than or equal to 80%.
The Kish graphite has rich sources, low price and specific capacity close to that of natural graphite, and if the Kish graphite is developed into a lithium ion battery cathode material, the purposes of improving the specific capacity and reducing the price are expected to be realized.
The Kish graphite cathode material is prepared by using Kish graphite with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% as a raw material and medium-temperature asphalt and modified asphalt with the low TI and the softening point of 120 ~ 220 ℃ as auxiliary materials through a liquid phase modification process, wherein the Kish graphite cathode material has the reversible capacity of 365 ~ 370mAh/g, the reversible capacity of 1.80 ~ 1.85.85 g/cc, the capacity retention rate of 1C charge-discharge cycle of 2000 weeks of more than or equal to 80%, the price of the Kish graphite cathode material is only 60 ~ 70% of that of a low-end graphite cathode, and the Kish graphite cathode material is easy to industrialize, simple to operate, short in period and low in energy consumption.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the Kish graphite negative electrode material prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
Mixing Kish graphite with medium-temperature asphalt and modified asphalt according to the proportion of 10: 0.2: and (3) performing solid-phase mixing according to the mass ratio of 0.1, uniformly mixing, and fusing the mixture at the rotating speed of 2500rpm for 10min at room temperature to obtain the Kish graphite/asphalt composite. Wherein the Kish graphite raw material is a purified, powdered and shaped Kish graphite material, the shape of the Kish graphite material is potato-shaped, and the particle size D of the Kish graphite material50=10 ~ 12 μm, purity ≥ 99.9%. preferably, Kish graphite D used50The modified asphalt is commercially available, the ash content is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, the softening point is 65-90 ℃, and the modified asphalt comprises coal asphalt and petroleum asphalt, wherein the ash content is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, the TI is less than or equal to 10 percent, the softening point is 120 ~ 220 ℃, and the modified asphalt comprises coal asphalt and petroleum asphalt, and the modified asphalt is preferably coal asphalt with the ash content of 0.008 percent, the TI is 5.2 percent, and the softening point is 180 ℃.
And under the argon atmosphere, heating the Kish graphite/asphalt compound to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.3 ℃/min under a stirring speed of 80rpm, keeping the temperature for 5h, then continuing heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1h to obtain the precursor.
And under the nitrogen atmosphere, heating the precursor to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 3h, naturally cooling, scattering, screening, demagnetizing and packaging to obtain a No. 1 sample.
A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the Kish graphite anode material prepared in this example 1 is shown in fig. 1.
Example 2
Mixing Kish graphite with medium-temperature asphalt and modified asphalt according to the proportion of 10: 0.3: and (3) performing solid-phase mixing according to the mass ratio of 0.15, uniformly mixing, and fusing the mixture at the rotating speed of 1800rpm for 6min at room temperature to obtain the Kish graphite/asphalt compound. Wherein, the Kish graphite D is used50=10.8 μm and the purity was 99.93%. The medium temperature asphalt is 0.06% ash content and oil asphalt with 52 ℃ softening point. The modified asphalt is coal asphalt with 0.008% of ash content, 5.2% of TI and 180 ℃ of softening point.
And under the argon atmosphere, heating the Kish graphite/asphalt compound to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min under a stirring speed of 65rpm, keeping the temperature for 3h, then continuing heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1.5h to obtain the precursor.
And under the argon atmosphere, heating the precursor to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h, naturally cooling, scattering, screening, demagnetizing and packaging to obtain a No. 2 sample.
Example 3
Mixing Kish graphite with medium-temperature asphalt and modified asphalt according to the proportion of 10: 0.4: and (3) performing solid-phase mixing according to the mass ratio of 0.2, uniformly mixing, and fusing the mixture at the room temperature at the rotating speed of 800rpm for 2min to obtain the Kish graphite/asphalt composite. Wherein, the Kish graphite D is used50=10.8 μm and the purity was 99.93%. The medium temperature asphalt is 0.06% ash content and oil asphalt with 52 ℃ softening point. The modified asphalt is coal asphalt with 0.008% of ash content, 5.2% of TI and 180 ℃ of softening point.
And under the argon atmosphere, heating the Kish graphite/asphalt compound to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min under a stirring speed of 50rpm, keeping the temperature for 1h, then continuing heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2h to obtain the precursor.
And (3) heating the precursor to 1400 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min under the helium atmosphere, preserving the heat for 1h, naturally cooling, scattering, screening, demagnetizing and packaging to obtain a No. 3 sample.
Comparative example 1
Mixing spherical natural graphite and asphalt according to the weight ratio of 10: 0.3, and preparing a product REF-1 according to the preparation process parameters of the example 1. Wherein the ash content of the spherical natural graphite is 0.01%, and D50=11.2 μm. The asphalt used was coal asphalt with an ash content of 0.008%, a TI of 5.2%, and a softening point of 180 ℃.
Comparative example 2
The needle coke is made into powder with the granularity of 11.0 mu m, and graphitized at 3200 ℃, and the obtained material is marked as REF-2. Wherein the needle coke is calcined coke of European oil production system.
The negative electrode materials prepared in example 1, example 2, example 3, comparative example 1, and comparative example 12 were assembled into a battery, and then performance tests were performed, the results of which are shown in the following table:
from the above table, it can be seen that: the Kish graphite cathode material obtained by the invention has the advantages of high capacity, good low-temperature performance and long cycle life, and compared with natural graphite, the Kish graphite cathode material has obviously better cycle performance, and compared with artificial graphite prepared from needle coke, the Kish graphite cathode material has obviously better specific capacity and low-temperature performance. In addition, the price of imported calcined needle coke is close to 2 ten thousand yuan/ton, and the cost price of graphitization processing is also close to 2 ten thousand yuan/ton; the market price of the spherical natural graphite is more than 1.7 ten thousand yuan/ton, while the Kish graphite belongs to ironmaking waste slag, and the price of the Kish graphite is within 1 ten thousand yuan/ton even after purification, powder preparation and shaping, so that the Kish graphite cathode material has the advantage of low price, and is a high-cost performance cathode material.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that various improvements and modifications within the structure and principle of the present invention can be realized by those skilled in the art, and the protection scope of the present invention should be considered.
Claims (9)
1. A modification process of a Kish graphite cathode material for a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, mixing the Kish graphite raw material with the medium temperature asphalt and the modified asphalt in a solid phase manner according to the mass ratio of 10 (0.2 ~ 04) to (0.1 ~ 0.2.2), and fusing the Kish graphite raw material with the medium temperature asphalt and the modified asphalt by a room temperature fusion machine to form a compound after uniformly mixing.
A2, heating the compound prepared in the step A1 to 400 ℃ under the inert atmosphere while stirring, carrying out constant temperature treatment for 1 ~ 5h, then continuously heating to 500 ~ 600 ℃, preserving the heat for 1 ~ 2h, and cooling to obtain a precursor;
and A3, carbonizing the precursor prepared in the step A2 in an inert atmosphere, wherein the temperature rising speed of carbonization is 1 ~ 2 ℃/min, the highest temperature of carbonization is 1100 ~ 1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 ~ 3 hours at the highest temperature of carbonization.
And A4, after carbonization, scattering, screening and demagnetizing the cooled carbonized product, and packaging to obtain the Kish graphite cathode material for the lithium ion battery.
2. The modification process of the Kish graphite negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modification process comprises the following steps: in the step A1, the Kish graphite raw material is a purified, pulverized and shaped Kish graphite material with the particle size D50=10 ~ 12 μm, purity ≥ 99.9%.
3. The process for modifying the Kish graphite anode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium temperature asphalt is commercially available, the ash content is less than or equal to 0.1%, the softening point is 65-90 ℃, and the Kish graphite anode material comprises coal asphalt and petroleum asphalt, the modified asphalt is commercially available, the ash content is less than or equal to 0.01%, the TI is less than or equal to 10%, the softening point is 120 ~ 220 ℃, and the modified asphalt comprises coal asphalt and petroleum asphalt.
4. The process for modifying the Kish graphite anode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step A1, the room temperature fusion condition is that the rotation speed is 800 ~ 2500rpm, the fusion time is 2 ~ 10min, and the fusion temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃.
5. The process for modifying the Kish graphite anode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step A2, the inert atmosphere is argon gas, the purity is greater than or equal to 99.999%, the stirring is performed by using a stirrer, and the rotating speed of the stirrer is 50 ~ 80 rpm.
6. The process for modifying the Kish graphite cathode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step A2, the compound is heated to 400 ℃ under stirring in an inert atmosphere at a heating rate of 0.3 ~ 0.8.8 ℃/min, and then is continuously heated to 500 ~ 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ~ 2 ℃/min.
7. The modification process of the Kish graphite negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modification process comprises the following steps: in step a3, the inert atmosphere is one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, and a gas that does not chemically react with the precursor at the carbonization temperature.
8. The Kish graphite cathode material for the lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the Kish graphite negative electrode material is prepared by the modification process of the Kish graphite negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The Kish graphite negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8, wherein the Kish graphite negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery has a reversible capacity of 365 ~ 370mAh/g, a compaction density of 1.80 ~ 1.85.85 g/cc, and a capacity retention rate of not less than 80% at 2000 cycles of 1C charge-discharge cycle.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115117355A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-09-27 | 湖南金阳烯碳新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of negative electrode material for secondary battery |
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| CN105938906A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-09-14 | 湖南星城石墨科技股份有限公司 | Artificial graphite composite negative electrode material for lithium-ion battery and preparation method of artificial graphite composite negative electrode material |
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| JP2000182617A (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-06-30 | Nkk Corp | Carbon material for lithium secondary battery electrode and its manufacture, and lithium secondary battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115117355A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-09-27 | 湖南金阳烯碳新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of negative electrode material for secondary battery |
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