CN110720347A - Method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes - Google Patents
Method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110720347A CN110720347A CN201911223702.5A CN201911223702A CN110720347A CN 110720347 A CN110720347 A CN 110720347A CN 201911223702 A CN201911223702 A CN 201911223702A CN 110720347 A CN110720347 A CN 110720347A
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- fruit setting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes, which comprises the steps of not trimming the Kyoho grapes in winter every year, only trimming bearing branches, placing the branches which do not need to be reserved in the second year under a shed or a frame, and trimming the branches until the second year blooms. The method is simple, easy to operate, time-saving, easy to popularize, and capable of achieving the purpose of high fruit setting rate without any hormone treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation management, and particularly relates to a method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes.
Background
Kyoho grapes are one of main cultivated varieties in grape production, are cultivated in various parts of China, have the characteristics of strong adaptability, strong disease resistance and cold resistance and the like, and are deeply favored by fruit growers. The Kyoho grapes have the obvious problems of low fruit setting rate, serious large and small grains and over-loose fruit clusters; how to ensure fruit setting quality and improve fruit setting rate in natural fruit setting cultivation is important content of spring management of Kyoho grapes.
The low fruit set rate of Kyoho grapes is mainly caused by: the normal ovule rate at the Kyoho flowering stage is only 22.1%, i.e., under normal conditions, only one fifth of the female flowers can pollinate to form normal fruits. The excessive vigor of the plant trees and the excessive growth of branches not only promote the content of hormones such as gibberellin and the like in the flower organ to be improved and interfere the normal fertilization, but also strive for nutrients to the flower organ, deteriorate the nutrient supply of the flower catkin, influence the fertilization and aggravate the large and small grains. High content of gibberellin and cytokinin can accelerate the development of female flowers, but does not promote the development of male flowers, so that the maturation processes of male and female organs are not matched, most female flowers miss the chance of fertilization, and thus flower falling or massive shedding of young ovaries occurs.
Aiming at the reasons, the core of improving the natural fruit setting of Kyoho grapes lies in promoting the grapes after controlling the grapes forwards and backwards, and the measures mainly adopted comprise controlling nitrogen fertilizer before flowers and controlling tree vigor; pinching before flowers, spraying mepiquat chloride on the leaf surfaces before flowers, reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and the like.
For winter management of Kyoho grapes, measures for pruning branches and tips in winter are adopted at present, and the purpose of improving the fruit set percentage by not pruning the branches and tips in winter is not reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes, which is simple, easy to operate and time-saving, and can achieve the purpose of high fruit setting rate without any hormone treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the steps of not trimming the branches in winter every year, only trimming the bearing branches, placing the branches which do not need to be reserved in the second year under a shed or a frame, and trimming the branches until the branches bloom in the second year.
In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned method, the inventors can take the following measures in combination with the production situation in the actual production:
and/or controlling water and forbidding fertilization 10 days before flowering.
And/or adopting a greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%.
And/or field management in the later fruit setting stage: supplementing nutrition and killing insects, spraying high-nitrogen nutrient and amino acid on leaves 7 days after natural fruit setting, and mixing the high-nitrogen nutrient and the amino acid according to the situation, and diluting the high-nitrogen nutrient and the amino acid with 500-fold and 800-fold liquid of cypermethrin water to prevent and kill diseases after fruit setting.
And (3) managing new shoots and auxiliary shoots, namely performing first pinching on bearing branches to be reserved 5-7 days before blooming, reserving 5-6 leaves on inflorescences with weak growth vigor for pinching, and reserving 3-5 leaves on inflorescences with vigorous growth vigor for pinching. Keeping the secondary tips at the top end to continue growing, and keeping a leaf on the other secondary tips for pinching; and performing second pinching when the total length of the young shoots is 120 cm. Repeatedly pinching 5-6 leaves at the top end, pinching the remaining secondary tips with one leaf, and ensuring the ratio of leaves to fruits to be 20-25: 1. Meanwhile, the works of thinning, binding, removing tendrils and the like are well done.
And (5) thinning the spica and shaping the spica at the beginning of flowering of the flower and fruit management. One well-developed flower spike is generally selected and reserved for each bearing branch, 2 flower spikes are reserved for strong branches, and weak branches are not reserved. The method for shaping the flower spike comprises removing the spike tip and the branch shoulder of the side spike, and generally leaving 15-18 sections of branch bud. The yield per mu is controlled within 1500 kg. Bagging management is required from the hard core stage of grape fruit grains to the time before the fruit is colored.
The fertilizer management strengthens the foliar fertilizer spraying on the premise of applying enough base fertilizer and using good top dressing. (1) The base fertilizer adopts a method of ditching and fertilizing, 1.5kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied to 1kg of fruits, and a proper amount of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and boron fertilizer are added at the same time. (2) The top dressing is generally combined with watering and drip irrigation for fertilization, 10kg of compound fertilizer is used per mu in the fruit expanding period, and 10kg of pure potassium fertilizer is used per mu in the fruit color changing period. (3) The foliar fertilizer is generally sprayed once each time in ten days before flowering and 2-3 days before flowering, so that the fruit setting rate is improved; after fruit setting, spraying the high-nitrogen nutrient and the amino acid calcium foliar fertilizer once every 10 to 15 days until the fruits start to be colored, so as to improve the hardness of the fruits; spraying amino acid potassium fertilizer every 10-15 days after the fruits are colored to ten days before ripening to improve the sugar content of the fruits.
Water control is started 10 days before flowering of grapes in spring for water management, fertilization is forbidden, fruits enter a rapid expansion period after flowering, the period requiring most water needs to be kept with sufficient water, and water is controlled properly before the fruits turn color to be mature.
Temperature and humidity management in order to improve fruit setting rate and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, a rain shelter or greenhouse can be adopted for cultivation. Adopting a greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%.
The pest control insists on high-quality safe production, measures such as reasonable loading, shaping and pruning, rain sheltering in a greenhouse and the like are carried out through scientific management of soil, fertilizer and water, the vineyard is kept ventilated and transparent, robust trees are cultured, the disease resistance of the plants is enhanced, and on the basis, the growth characteristics of grapes and the pest occurrence rule are combined to scientifically and normatively use pesticides.
Timely harvesting many producers currently seize the market, the peel of the Kyoho grape just presents purple red, the grape is picked and marketed when the fruit is not completely mature, the quality and the flavor of the grape are seriously affected, and the Kyoho grape should be harvested when the berry presents purple black and the content of soluble solid matters is not increased.
And other normal management, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.
The invention has the following advantages:
the main invention points of the invention are that: the branches are not pruned every year in winter, only the bearing branches are sorted, the branches which do not need to be reserved in the second year are placed under a shed or a frame, and pruning is carried out until the second year flowers. The method is easy to operate, the branches are not trimmed in winter, a large number of new branches germinate in spring, and certain nutrients of the branches are consumed, so that the tree vigor is balanced, and the aim of high fruit setting rate can be fulfilled without any hormone treatment in the later period. The inventor breaks the conventional mode (generally carries out winter pruning), but adopts a mode of not pruning in winter, but has remarkable beneficial effects.
In addition, the fruit setting rate can be comprehensively improved by combining the measures of pinching, greenhouse temperature control, fertilization at proper time, watering, nutrition supplement, pest control and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Example 1
The invention relates to a Kyoho grape management method, which is characterized in that the Kyoho grape management method is implemented by the inventor in a mode that the Kyoho grape management method is not pruned every winter, only fruit branches are sorted, branches which do not need to be reserved in the second year are placed under a shed or a rack, and pruning is carried out before flowering in the second year.
And other normal management, timely prevention and control when diseases and insect pests appear.
Example 2
The invention relates to a Kyoho grape management method, which is characterized in that the Kyoho grape management method is implemented by the inventor in a mode that the Kyoho grape management method is not pruned every winter, only fruit branches are sorted, branches which do not need to be reserved in the second year are placed under a shed or a rack, and pruning is carried out before flowering in the second year.
And in the practical process, the following measures are combined:
and (3) managing new shoots and auxiliary shoots, namely performing first pinching on bearing branches to be reserved 5-7 days before blooming, reserving 5-6 leaves on inflorescences with weak growth vigor for pinching, and reserving 3-5 leaves on inflorescences with vigorous growth vigor for pinching. Keeping the secondary tips at the top end to continue growing, and keeping a leaf on the other secondary tips for pinching; and performing second pinching when the total length of the young shoots is 120 cm. Repeatedly pinching 5-6 leaves at the top end, pinching the remaining secondary tips with one leaf, and ensuring the ratio of leaves to fruits to be 20-25: 1. Meanwhile, the works of thinning, binding, removing tendrils and the like are well done.
And (5) thinning the spica and shaping the spica at the beginning of flowering of the flower and fruit management. One well-developed flower spike is generally selected and reserved for each bearing branch, 2 flower spikes are reserved for strong branches, and weak branches are not reserved. The method for shaping the flower spike comprises removing the spike tip and the branch shoulder of the side spike, and generally leaving 15-18 sections of branch bud. The yield per mu is controlled within 1500 kg. Bagging management is required from the hard core stage of grape fruit grains to the time before the fruit is colored.
The fertilizer management strengthens the foliar fertilizer spraying on the premise of applying enough base fertilizer and using good top dressing. (1) The base fertilizer adopts a method of ditching and fertilizing, 1.5kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied to 1kg of fruits, and a proper amount of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and boron fertilizer are added at the same time. (2) The top dressing is generally combined with watering and drip irrigation for fertilization, 10kg of compound fertilizer is used per mu in the fruit expanding period, and 10kg of pure potassium fertilizer is used per mu in the fruit color changing period. (3) The foliar fertilizer is generally sprayed once each time in ten days before flowering and 2-3 days before flowering, so that the fruit setting rate is improved; after fruit setting, spraying the high-nitrogen nutrient and the amino acid calcium foliar fertilizer once every 10 to 15 days until the fruits start to be colored, so as to improve the hardness of the fruits; spraying amino acid potassium fertilizer every 10-15 days after the fruits are colored to ten days before ripening to improve the sugar content of the fruits.
Water control is started 10 days before flowering of grapes in spring for water management, fertilization is forbidden, fruits enter a rapid expansion period after flowering, the period requiring most water needs to be kept with sufficient water, and water is controlled properly before the fruits turn color to be mature.
Temperature and humidity management in order to improve fruit setting rate and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, a rain shelter or greenhouse can be adopted for cultivation. Adopting a greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%.
The pest control insists on high-quality safe production, measures such as reasonable loading, shaping and pruning, rain sheltering in a greenhouse and the like are carried out through scientific management of soil, fertilizer and water, the vineyard is kept ventilated and transparent, robust trees are cultured, the disease resistance of the plants is enhanced, and on the basis, the growth characteristics of grapes and the pest occurrence rule are combined to scientifically and normatively use pesticides.
Timely harvesting many producers currently seize the market, the peel of the Kyoho grape just presents purple red, the grape is picked and marketed when the fruit is not completely mature, the quality and the flavor of the grape are seriously affected, and the Kyoho grape should be harvested when the berry presents purple black and the content of soluble solid matters is not increased.
Test examples
The method comprises the following steps: the branches are not pruned every year in winter, only the bearing branches are sorted, the branches which do not need to be reserved in the second year are placed under a shed or a frame, and pruning is carried out until the second year flowers.
Comparison: and (3) pruning in winter by adopting a conventional method, after 12 th ten days, pruning in winter, reserving middle-quality branches, pruning in middle-length shoots, and spraying 500mg/L cycocel or mepiquat chloride for treatment 7-10 days before flowers.
Except the differences, the other management modes are the same, and when the diseases and insect pests appear, the diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time.
The two methods were compared with respect to fruit set rate and yield, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of fruit set rate and yield for two methods
| Comparison of | Percentage of fruit set (%) | Yield (kg/mu) |
| The invention | 34.6 | 1386.4 |
| Control | 18.5 | 983.5 |
From the comparison results in table 1, the method of the invention not only has higher fruit setting rate and yield than the control group, but also can save the step of spraying hormone, is healthier and saves time, manpower and material resources. Therefore, the method can improve the fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes, and is simple to operate and easy to popularize.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes is characterized by comprising the steps of not trimming Kyoho grapes in winter every year, only trimming bearing branches, placing branches which do not need to be reserved in the second year under a shed or a rack, and trimming the branches until the second year blooms.
2. The method for improving the natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of performing first pinching on bearing branches and young shoots to be preserved 5-7 days before flowering, leaving 5-6 leaf pinching on inflorescences with weak vigor, and leaving 3-5 leaf pinching on inflorescences with vigorous vigor. Keeping the secondary tips at the top end to continue growing, and keeping a leaf on the other secondary tips for pinching; and performing second pinching when the total length of the young shoots is 120 cm. Repeatedly pinching 5-6 leaves at the top end, pinching the remaining secondary tips with one leaf, and ensuring the ratio of leaves to fruits to be 20-25: 1.
3. The method for improving the natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes in claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises starting water control and prohibiting fertilizer application 10 days before flowering.
4. The method for improving the natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises adopting a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%.
5. The method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes according to claim 1, further comprising field management at the post fruit setting stage: supplementing nutrition and preventing and treating diseases and pests in time, and spraying high-nitrogen nutrient and amino acid on leaves 7 days after fruit setting naturally.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911223702.5A CN110720347A (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes |
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| CN201911223702.5A CN110720347A (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111543247A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using light-transmitting film |
| CN112470812A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting natural fruit setting of Kyoho grapes |
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