CN110713691B - 一种苯并噁嗪及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了含有支化苯并噁嗪结构的化合物及其与多种不同官能度苯并噁嗪化合物组合形成的组合物,此苯并噁嗪组合物可与其他组分(如催化剂、有机纤维、无机纤维等)组合用于复合材料树脂基体、微电子封装材料、胶粘剂和环氧树脂的固化剂等,具有韧性好、耐热温度高、加工性能优良的优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯并噁嗪组合物、其制备方法以及苯并噁嗪树脂,属于高分子材料及其制备领域。
背景技术
苯并噁嗪树脂是以酚类化合物、伯胺类化合物和醛为原料合成的苯并六元杂环化合物—苯并噁嗪单体为原料,苯并噁嗪单体在加热或催化剂的作用下固化形成苯并噁嗪树脂。与传统酚醛树脂相比,苯并噁嗪树脂具有许多新的优点,比如较低的熔融黏度,便于成型加工;不需要强酸催化剂,加热或使用路易斯酸等催化剂就可使其开环聚合;聚合时无小分子放出;聚合过程中收缩很小;耐热性好,具有较高的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性;具有良好的力学、介电、阻燃等综合性能,并且吸水率极低;具有灵活的分子设计性等。因而苯并噁嗪在覆铜板、层压板、耐火材料、RTM、复合材料、绝缘材料等领域有广泛的应用前景。但苯并噁嗪树脂的往往存在着内应力大、易开裂、脆性大,耐冲击性能较差等缺陷,限制了其生产应用。因此,如何提高其韧性以满足更多更高性能要求的应用是目前苯并噁嗪树脂研究的重点。
目前,苯并噁嗪增韧改性途径大致分为以下几种:(1)与橡胶弹性体共混,体系在受到外界冲击时,橡胶粒子可以产生塑性形变,吸收大量的能量从而提高体系的韧性,但存在橡胶与苯并噁嗪树脂的相容性差,且橡胶粒子的耐热性差,会导致树脂体系的拉伸强度和耐热性能下降。(2)与高玻璃化转变温度、高模量的热塑性特种工程塑料共混,在提高基体韧性的同时,保持其高耐热性等,但体系粘度大,加工困难。(3)通过引入柔性的基团,合成韧性苯并噁嗪树脂,改善苯并噁嗪树脂的韧性,但特殊结构单体原料来源少,有时需要自己合成,增加了合成的工艺流程,较为复杂,而且常规的柔性单体的引入会大幅度降低树脂的耐热性能。苯并噁嗪树脂的拉伸强度、韧性的影响因素繁多,各影响因素之间相互影响,关联关系复杂,使得想要兼顾其耐热性、韧性难以实现。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种含有支化苯并噁嗪结构的化合物与多种不同官能度苯并噁嗪化合物组合形成的苯并噁嗪组合物,以及采用该组合物固化形成的苯并噁嗪树脂。
本发明提供一种苯并噁嗪的组合物,其包含:
(A)至少一种含支化苯并噁嗪结构的化合物,以及
(B)至少一种含长链烷基的单官能度苯并噁嗪化合物,以及
(C)至少一种二官能度苯并噁嗪化合物,
其中,组分A∶B∶C的重量比为:10:5-100:10-200。
上述的苯并噁嗪组合物,组分A的结构式为(Ⅰ)
其中,R1为H、C1-C5的烷基、C1-C5的烷氧基中的一种或几种。
其中,n为:1-15中的任一整数。
进一步优选的,R1为H、CH3或OCH3中的一种或几种。
进一步优选的,n为1-8中的任一整数。
上述苯并噁嗪组合物,组分B的结构式为(Ⅱ)
其中,R2为:H、CH3或OCH3中的一种。
其中,R3为:碳原子数3-20的脂环烃基、碳原子数为1-20的脂肪烃基或碳原子数2-20的不饱和脂肪烃基。
上述的苯并噁嗪组合物,组分C的结构式为(Ⅲ)
其中,R4为:-、-O-、-S-、-SO2-、-CO-、-C(CH3)2-、-C(CF3)2-中的一种或多种。
进一步地,上述的苯并噁嗪组合物不包含任何溶剂。
进一步地,所述组合物还可以包含添加剂,所述的添加剂为本领域技术人员知晓的一些常规添加物质,包括但不限于催化剂、着色剂、研磨剂颗粒、抗氧化稳定剂、热降解稳定剂、光稳定剂、导电颗粒、增粘剂、流平剂、增稠剂、消光剂、惰性填料、粘结剂、发泡剂、杀真菌剂、杀菌剂、表面活性剂、增塑剂、橡胶增韧剂和本领域的技术人员已知的其它添加剂中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述添加剂优选为增强纤维,增强纤维可选为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、陶瓷纤维中的一种或几种。
进一步地,本发明还提供一种苯并噁嗪树脂,该树脂由苯并噁嗪单体组合物固化得到,所述苯并噁嗪单体组合物包含:
(A)至少一种含支化苯并噁嗪结构的化合物,以及
(B)至少一种含长链烷基的单官能度苯并噁嗪化合物,以及
(C)至少一种二官能度苯并噁嗪化合物,
其中,组分A∶B∶C的重量比为:10:5-100:10-200。
上述的苯并噁嗪组合物,组分A的结构式为(Ⅰ)
其中,R1为H、C1-C5的烷基、C1-C5的烷氧基中的一种或几种;
其中,n为:1-15中的任一整数。
进一步地,R1为H、CH3或OCH3中的一种或几种。
进一步地,n为1-8中的任一整数。
上述苯并噁嗪组合物,组分B的结构式为(Ⅱ)
其中,R2为:H、CH3或OCH3中的一种
其中,R3为:碳原子数3-20的脂环烃、碳原子数为1-20的脂肪烃或碳原子数2-20的不饱和脂肪烃。
上述的苯并噁嗪组合物,组分C的结构式为(Ⅲ)
其中,R4为:-、-O-、-S-、-SO2-、-CO-、-C(CH3)2-、-C(CF3)2-中的一种或多种。
进一步地,苯并噁嗪树脂具有不低于190℃的玻璃化转变温度,且断裂伸长率不低于3%。
进一步地,所述组合物还可以包含添加剂,所述的添加剂为本领域技术人员知晓的一些常规添加物质,包括但不限于催化剂、着色剂、研磨剂颗粒、抗氧化稳定剂、热降解稳定剂、光稳定剂、导电颗粒、增粘剂、流平剂、增稠剂、消光剂、惰性填料、粘结剂、发泡剂、杀真菌剂、杀菌剂、表面活性剂、增塑剂、橡胶增韧剂和本领域的技术人员已知的其它添加剂中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述添加剂优选为增强纤维,增强纤维可选为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、陶瓷纤维中的一种或几种。
进一步地,本发明还提供一种苯并噁嗪单体组合物的固化方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)将苯并噁嗪单体组合物在60-120℃下,混合均匀。
(2)在150-250℃下固化2-10h。
进一步地,步骤(1)中混合均匀的的方法可以为本领域常规的混合方法,如搅拌。优选采用搅拌0.1-2h混合均匀。
发明的作用和效果
(1)本发明的苯并噁嗪组合物可与其他组分(如催化剂、有机纤维、无机纤维等)组合用于复合材料树脂基体、微电子封装材料、胶粘剂和环氧树脂的固化剂等。
(2)本发明提供的苯并噁嗪组合物,断裂伸长率、拉伸强度、耐热性等性能均能满足航空航天、电子电器、交通运输等领域对复合材料用树脂的要求。
(3)本发明的技术方案解决了现有技术中苯并噁嗪树脂韧性、耐热性难以兼顾的技术难题。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此,对于未特别注明的工艺参数,可参照常规技术进行。
本发明实施例的制备方法,苯并噁嗪树脂样条的制备方法参照:GB/T 5471-2008;
苯并噁嗪树脂的玻璃化转变温度测试方法参照GB/T 22567-2008标准,采用DMA法;
苯并噁嗪树脂拉伸强度和断裂伸长率测试参照GB T1040.1-2006。
实施例1
将组分A、组分B、组分C在100℃下搅拌0.5h,混合均匀后倒入模具中,在150℃下固化2h,再升温到240℃下固化4h,得到样品。
A组分结构式为:
其中R1为H,n为1;
B组分结构式为:
其中,R2为CH3,R3为CH2CH3;
C组分结构式为:
其中,R4为单键,即中间为联苯结构;
其中A、B、C添加量重量比为10:5:150。
实施例2
将组分A、组分B、组分C在120℃下搅拌0.1h,混合均匀后倒入模具中,在230℃下固化10h,得到样品。
A组分结构式为:
其中R1为CH3,n为5;
B组分结构式为:
C组分结构式为:
其中,R4为-C(CH3)2-;
其中A、B、C添加量重量比为10:45:200。
实施例3
将组分A、组分B、组分C在60℃下搅拌2h,混合均匀后倒入模具中,在240℃下固化5.5h,得到样品。
A组分结构式为:
其中R1为OCH3,n为10;
B组分结构式为:
其中,R2为OCH3,R3为C2H4-CH=CH-C2H5;
C组分结构式为:
其中,R4为-O-;
其中A、B、C添加量重量比为10:80:100。
实施例4
将组分A、组分B、组分C在90℃下搅拌0.5h,混合均匀后倒入模具中,在250℃下固化4h,得到样品。
A组分结构式为:
其中R1为H,n为15;
B组分结构式为:
其中,R2为OCH3,R3为C2H4-CH=CH-C2H5;
C组分结构式为:
其中,R4为-SO2-;
其中A、B、C添加量重量比为10:100:30。
对比例1
将组分B、组分C在80℃下搅拌0.25h,混合均匀后倒入模具中,在220℃下固化8h,得到样品。
B组分结构式为:
其中,R2为OCH3,R3为C2H4-CH=CH-C2H5;
C组分结构式为:
其中,R4为-C(CH3)2-;
其中A、B、C添加量重量比为50:50。
对比例2
将组分C在80℃下搅拌0.25h后倒入模具中,在180℃下固化6h,得到样品。
C组分结构式为:
其中,R4为-C(CH3)2-。
对比例3
将组分A、组分B、组分C在90℃下搅拌0.5h,混合均匀后倒入模具中,在250℃下固化4h,得到样品。
A组分结构式为:
其中R1为H,n为1;
B组分结构式为:
其中,R2为CH3,R3为CH2CH3;
C组分结构式为:
其中,R4为单键,即中间为联苯结构;
其中A、B、C添加量重量比为10:120:5。
表1苯并噁嗪组合物的性能对比
上述实施方式为本发明的优选案例,并不用来限制本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
4.如权利要求1所述的苯并噁嗪的组合物,其特征在于:R1为H、CH3或OCH3中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1所述的苯并噁嗪的组合物,其特征在于:n为1-8中的任一整数。
6.如权利要求1所述的苯并噁嗪的组合物,其特征在于:苯并噁嗪组合物不包含任何溶剂。
7.如权利要求1所述的苯并噁嗪的组合物,其特征在于:所述组合物还包含增强纤维,增强纤维为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、陶瓷纤维中的一种或几种。
8.一种苯并噁嗪树脂,其特征在于:由权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的苯并噁嗪的组合物固化得到。
9.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的苯并噁嗪单体组合物的固化方法,其特征在于包含如下步骤:
(1)将苯并噁嗪的组合物在60-120℃下,混合均匀;
(2)在150-250℃下固化2-10h。
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