CN110713619A - 发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法 - Google Patents
发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110713619A CN110713619A CN201910598826.5A CN201910598826A CN110713619A CN 110713619 A CN110713619 A CN 110713619A CN 201910598826 A CN201910598826 A CN 201910598826A CN 110713619 A CN110713619 A CN 110713619A
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- Prior art keywords
- resin particles
- styrene
- styrene resin
- expandable styrene
- monomer
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- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/20—Making expandable particles by suspension polymerisation in the presence of the blowing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F112/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
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- C08F112/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
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Abstract
本发明提供一种发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法，能够抑制未反应而直接残留的苯乙烯单体的量。发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法包括：通过在2,2‑双[4‑(2,3‑二溴‑2‑甲基丙氧基)‑3,5‑二溴苯基]丙烷及含有酯基的磺酸盐的存在下进行苯乙烯系单体的悬浮聚合，而获得苯乙烯系树脂粒子的步骤；以及在所述悬浮聚合中或所述悬浮聚合后使所述苯乙烯系树脂粒子含有发泡剂的步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法。
背景技术
自发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子而获得的苯乙烯系树脂的发泡成形体轻量且隔热性高，因此在建筑资材及家电制品等各种领域得到使用。
另一方面，从建筑资材等挥发的甲醛、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯等有机化合物被指出会对人体产生不良影响，因此要求抑制苯乙烯系树脂所含有的这些有机化合物的量。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
[专利文献1]日本专利特开2007-9018号公报
发明内容
[发明所要解决的问题]
例如在日本专利特开2007-9018号公报(专利文献1)中记载了抑制发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子中未反应而直接残留的苯乙烯系单体的量的方法，但期望开发超越所述方法的技术。
本发明是有鉴于所述课题而成，其目的在于提供一种发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法，能够抑制未反应而直接残留的苯乙烯单体的量。
[解决问题的技术手段]
为了解决所述课题，本发明的一方面的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法包括：通过在2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷及含有酯基的磺酸盐的存在下进行苯乙烯系单体的悬浮聚合，而获得苯乙烯系树脂粒子的步骤；以及在所述悬浮聚合中或所述悬浮聚合后使所述苯乙烯系树脂粒子含有发泡剂的步骤。
[发明的效果]
根据本发明，可抑制发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子中未反应而直接残留的苯乙烯系单体的量。
具体实施方式
首先，列出本发明的实施方式的内容来进行说明。
(1)本发明的实施方式的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法包括：通过在2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷及含有酯基的磺酸盐的存在下进行苯乙烯系单体的悬浮聚合，而获得苯乙烯系树脂粒子的步骤；以及在所述悬浮聚合中或所述悬浮聚合后使所述苯乙烯系树脂粒子含有发泡剂的步骤。
通过此种方法，可抑制所获得的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子中未反应而直接残留的苯乙烯系单体的量。
(2)优选为：在所述获得苯乙烯系树脂粒子的步骤中，相对于所述2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷100质量份，使用1质量份～7质量份的所述含有酯基的磺酸盐。
通过此种方法，可进一步抑制发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子中未反应而直接残留的苯乙烯系单体的量。
(3)优选为：所述含有酯基的磺酸盐是具有磺酸盐结构的多羧酸的聚酯。
通过此种方法，可进一步抑制发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子中未反应而直接残留的苯乙烯系单体的量。
以下，针对本发明的实施方式进行更具体的说明。
在本实施方式的制造方法中，通过在2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷及含有酯基的磺酸盐的存在下，对苯乙烯系单体进行悬浮聚合，而获得含有2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷及含有酯基的磺酸盐的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
作为本实施方式的苯乙烯系单体，并无特别限定，可列举：苯乙烯、邻甲基苯乙烯、间甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、对叔丁基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基-对甲基苯乙烯、1,1-二苯基乙烯、对(N,N-二乙基氨基乙基)苯乙烯、对(N,N-二乙基氨基甲基)苯乙烯、乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基萘等芳香族乙烯基单体。这些既可单个使用1种，亦可混合使用2种以上。作为本实施方式的苯乙烯系单体，尤其优选为苯乙烯。
而且，在本实施方式中，也可并用能够与所述苯乙烯系单体共聚的其他乙烯基单体。作为此种乙烯基单体的示例，可列举醇的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯、或者丙烯腈、马来酸酯、乙酸乙烯酯、烯烃等。
而且，出于形成交联结构的目的，也可并用2官能型的单体。作为其示例，可列举二乙烯基苯、烷二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷通过链转移反应(chain transfer reaction)妨碍苯乙烯系单体的聚合反应的可能性小，因此通过使用此化合物作为阻燃剂，可抑制未反应的苯乙烯系单体的增加并且提高苯乙烯系树脂发泡成形体(以下，也简称为“发泡成形体”)的阻燃性。
在本实施方式的制造方法中，就提高发泡成形体的阻燃性且抑制未反应的苯乙烯系单体的增加的观点而言，2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷的使用量相对于苯乙烯系单体100质量份，优选为0.2质量份～5质量份，更优选为0.3质量份～4质量份，进而优选为0.3质量份～3质量份。
在本实施方式的制造方法中，例如使用含有酯基的磺酸盐作为分散剂。含有酯基的磺酸盐被认为在悬浮液中可使苯乙烯系单体及作为阻燃剂的2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷较佳地分散。
通过使苯乙烯系单体在悬浮液中较佳地分散，可使苯乙烯系单体彼此有效果地聚合，因此可降低未反应的苯乙烯系单体的量。
而且，通过使作为阻燃剂的2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷在悬浮液中较佳地分散，可使所述阻燃剂效率良好地助益于阻燃性。
在本实施方式的制造方法中，就抑制未反应的苯乙烯系单体的量的观点而言，含有酯基的磺酸盐的使用量相对于阻燃剂100质量份，优选为0.5质量份～50质量份，更优选为0.5质量份～25质量份，更优选为1质量份～7质量份，进而优选为1质量份～4质量份。
而且，在本实施方式的制造方法中，就抑制未反应的苯乙烯系单体的量的观点而言，含有酯基的磺酸盐的使用量相对于使用的苯乙烯系单体100质量份，优选为0.001质量份～0.05质量份，更优选为0.003质量份～0.04质量份，更优选为0.004质量份～0.03质量份，进而优选为0.005质量份～0.02质量份。
作为本实施方式中使用的含有酯基的磺酸盐，并无特别限定，既可单一使用1种，也可混合使用2种以上。作为含有酯基的磺酸盐，就抑制未反应的苯乙烯系单体的量的观点而言，优选为二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠、二癸基磺基琥珀酸钠、二己基磺基琥珀酸钠等具有磺酸盐结构的多羧酸的聚酯，进而优选为二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠、二癸基磺基琥珀酸钠等具有磺酸盐结构的二羧酸的二酯。
在本实施方式的制造方法中，也可使用悬浮剂。作为悬浮剂，并无特别限定，可列举：聚乙烯基醇、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮等亲水性高分子、或磷酸三钙、焦磷酸镁、羟磷灰石、氧化铝、滑石、高岭土、膨润土等难水溶性无机盐等。悬浮剂的使用量并无特别限定，相对于苯乙烯系单体100重量份，优选为0.01重量份～5重量份。
在本实施方式的制造方法中，例如也可在悬浮聚合时使用其他各种添加剂。作为添加剂，并无特别限定，可列举：聚乙烯蜡、滑石、二氧化硅、亚乙基双硬脂酰胺、甲基丙烯酸甲酯系共聚物、硅酮等气泡成核剂、液体石蜡、甘油二乙酰基单月桂酸酯(glycerindiacetomonolaulate)、甘油三硬脂酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、己二酸二-2-乙基己酯等塑化剂、十二烷基硫醇、α-甲基苯乙烯二聚体等链转移剂、烷基二乙醇胺、甘油脂肪酸酯、烷基磺酸钠等抗静电剂、酚系、磷系、硫系等抗氧化剂、苯并***系或二苯甲酮系等紫外线吸收材、受阻胺系等光稳定剂、导电性碳黑、石墨粉、铜锌合金粉、铜粉、银粉、金粉等导电性填料、IPBC、TBZ、BCM、TPN等有机系抗菌剂、银系、铜系、锌系、氧化钛系等无机系抗菌剂等。
而且，也可添加丁二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶、乙烯-丙烯橡胶等橡胶成分。
而且，在本实施方式中，作为阻燃剂，也可并用2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷与其他阻燃剂。作为所述其他阻燃剂，并无特别限定，可列举：六溴苯、四溴环辛烷、六溴环十二烷、四溴丁烷、六溴环己烷、三溴苯酚、四溴双酚A、亚乙基双溴化物·2,2-双(4-(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)丙烷缩合物、2,2-双(4-(2,3-二溴丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基)丙烷、十溴二苯基醚、八溴二苯基醚、全氯环十五烷、氯化聚乙烯等卤素系阻燃剂、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三辛酯、磷酸三丁氧基乙酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、三(异丙基苯基)磷酸酯等非卤素磷系阻燃剂、三(氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(二氯丙基)磷酸酯、三(氯丙基)磷酸酯、三(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯、三(三溴新戊基)磷酸酯等含卤素磷系阻燃剂、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙、铝酸钙、三氧化二锑、膨胀性石墨、红磷等无机系阻燃剂等。
而且，也可视需要在达成作为本实施方式的目标的效果的范围内使用2,3-二甲基-2,3-二苯基丁烷等阻燃助剂。
在本实施方式的制造方法中，可使用聚合引发剂。作为聚合引发剂，并无特别限定，可列举：过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化-2-乙基己基单碳酸叔丁酯等。
在本实施方式的制造方法中，通过在苯乙烯系单体的悬浮聚合中或悬浮聚合后添加发泡剂，使苯乙烯系树脂粒子中含有发泡剂，可获得发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
作为本实施方式的发泡剂，并无特别限定，可列举：丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、环戊烷、正己烷、环己烷等脂肪族烃、二甲基醚、二乙基醚、呋喃等醚类、甲基醇、乙基醇、丙基醇等醇类、HCFC-141b、HCFC-142b、HCFC-124、HFC-152a、HFC-134a等卤素化烃等。这些发泡剂既可单独使用1种，也可并用2种以上。
发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子中的发泡剂的含量并无特别限定，优选为1重量％～20重量％，更优选为2重量％～10重量％。
添加发泡剂的时机可为聚合反应前、聚合反应中及聚合完成后的任一者，就抑制未反应的苯乙烯系单体的量的观点而言，优选为在苯乙烯系单体的聚合转化率为70％以上的阶段进行添加，更优选为在80％以上的阶段进行添加，进而优选为在90％以上的阶段进行添加。
构成本实施方式的苯乙烯系树脂粒子的聚苯乙烯系树脂的分子量，以重量平均分子量(Mw)计，优选为150,000～350,000的范围，更优选为180,000～300,000。若Mw不足150,000，则有所获得的发泡粒子成形体的强度下降的可能性。若Mw超过350,000，则有成形时发泡粒子彼此不易熔接，而使成形品强度下降的可能性。
本实施方式的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的大小优选为0.3mm～3mm，进而优选为0.5mm～2.0mm。
本实施方式的发泡成形体例如是藉由如下方式而获得，即，使发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子发泡而制成发泡粒子，之后，将发泡粒子填充至金属模具内进而使其加热发泡，使发泡粒子彼此熔接。
作为发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的发泡方法，并无特别限定，可列举使用带有搅拌装置的发泡机，利用蒸汽(Steam)等进行加热使其发泡的方法。而且，作为制造发泡成形体的方法，并无特别限定，可列举在金属模具内填充发泡粒子，并利用蒸汽等进行加热的模具内成型法。
[实施例]
此处，通过实施例对本发明进行进一步的具体说明，但本发明并不限定于所述实施例。另外，在实施例及比较例中，有“份”或“％”的，只要无特别指定，则设为质量基准。
表1表示实施例1～实施例6及比较例1的各者中所使用的苯乙烯系单体、阻燃剂及分散剂的种类、它们的使用比例、所获得的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子所含有的未反应的苯乙烯单体的定量结果。
参照表1，对实施例1～实施例6及比较例1的苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法进行说明。
(实施例1)
在带有搅拌装置的内容积为50L的高压釜中，投入脱离子水16kg、作为悬浮剂的磷酸三钙20g(太平化学工业股份有限公司制造)、作为分散剂的含有酯基的磺酸盐即二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠2.1g(第一工业制药股份有限公司制造)。
使作为聚合引发剂的过氧化苯甲酰水稀释粉体品43g(日本油脂股份有限公司制造)及过氧化-2-乙基己基单碳酸叔丁酯27g(日本油脂股份有限公司制造)、作为阻燃剂的2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷(在表中表述为“TBBPA/BMP”)102g、作为塑化剂的液体石蜡(松村石油研究所股份有限公司制造)130g、作为成核剂的聚乙烯蜡3.4g(东洋-派楚赖特(Toyo-Petrolite)股份有限公司制造)溶解至苯乙烯单体17kg中，一面搅拌一面投入至高压釜中。将高压釜内氮置换后，开始升温，升温至90℃为止。
在高压釜内温度到达90℃后，升温至100℃，之后，进而升温至115℃，以115℃保持一段时间，之后，冷却至30℃。
自90℃向100℃的升温途中，将作为发泡剂的戊烷(正戊烷80％与异戊烷20％的混合物)340g、丁烷(正丁烷70％与异丁烷30％的混合物)1200g压入至高压釜内。发泡剂添加结束后不久，将搅拌速度下降至180rpm。冷却后，取出内容物，以离心分离机进行脱水，并利用流动干燥装置将表面所附着的水分去除，获得平均粒径为约1mm的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
对所获得的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子进行筛选，取出0.7mm～1.4mm的粒子，相对于发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子100重量份，而添加作为抗静电剂的N,N-双(2-羟基乙基)烷基胺0.005重量份，进而以硬脂酸锌0.1重量份、甘油三硬脂酸酯0.05重量份、甘油单硬脂酸酯0.05重量份的混合物进行包覆。由此，获得未反应的苯乙烯单体的定量中要使用的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
(实施例2)
除使用作为分散剂的二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠1.5g以外，与实施例1同样地获得发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
(实施例3)
除使用作为分散剂的二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠2.6g以外，与实施例1同样地获得发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
(实施例4)
除使用作为阻燃剂的2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷153g以外，与实施例1同样地获得发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
(实施例5)
除使用作为分散剂的二癸基磺基琥珀酸钠2.1g以外，与实施例1同样地获得发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
(实施例6)
除使用作为分散剂的二己基磺基琥珀酸钠2.1g以外，与实施例1同样地获得发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
(比较例1)
除使用作为分散剂的α烯烃磺酸钠2.1g(第一工业制药股份有限公司制造的“乃奥根(Neogen)A0-90”)以外，与实施例1同样地获得发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子。
以下，针对实施例1～实施例6及比较例1的苯乙烯系树脂粒子所含有的未反应的苯乙烯系单体的定量进行说明。
未反应的苯乙烯系单体是使所获得的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(dimethylformamide，DMF)中并通过气相色谱仪来进行定量。
利用气相色谱仪的定量具体来说是通过以下的流程来进行。
1.在100mL的容量瓶(volumetric flask)中精确称量环戊醇约5g至小数点以下第3位(将此时的重量设为Wi)，并添加DMF使整体为100mL。将此DMF溶液进而以DMF稀释为100倍，制成内部标准溶液。
2.自作为测定对象的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子，精确称量测定用试样约1g至小数点以下第3位，将此时的重量设为WS(g)。
3.使精确称量的试样溶解至约18mL的DMF中，将所述1中制作的内部标准溶液通过单标线吸管(one-mark pipette)准确地添加2mL。
4.将此溶液通过微型注射器(micro syringe)采集1μL，导入至气相色谱仪中，获得色谱。根据色谱求出未反应的苯乙烯单体及内部标准的峰值面积，并根据以下的(3)式求出各成分浓度。
各成分浓度(重量％)＝[(Wi/10000)×2]×[An/Ai]×Fn÷WS×100…(3)
(其中，Wi：作成了内部标准溶液时的环戊醇重量(g)、WS：溶解至DMF中的试样重量(g)、An：气相色谱仪测定时的苯乙烯单体的峰值面积、Ai：气相色谱仪测定时的内部标准物质的峰值面积、Fn：根据预先作成的校准曲线而求出的苯乙烯单体的修正系数)
而且，所述气相色谱分析的条件如下。
使用设备：(股)岛津制作所制造气相色谱仪GC-2014
管柱材质：长度5000mm的玻璃管柱
管柱填充剂：(液相名)FFAP、(液相含浸率)15％、(载体名)Uniport HP、(载体粒度)60/80网目
注入口温度：250℃
管柱温度：120℃
检测部温度：250℃
载气：N2、流量40m/min.
检测器：氢火焰离子化检测器(flame ionization detector，FID)
根据表1中记载的未反应的苯乙烯系单体的定量结果，可知：实施例1～实施例6的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子与比较例1的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子相比，未反应的苯乙烯系单体的含量少。即，通过使用含有酯基的磺酸盐作为分散剂，而成功降低了未反应的苯乙烯系单体的量。
[表1]
Claims (3)
1.一种发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法，包括：
通过在2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷及含有酯基的磺酸盐的存在下进行苯乙烯系单体的悬浮聚合，而获得苯乙烯系树脂粒子的步骤；以及
在所述悬浮聚合中或所述悬浮聚合后使所述苯乙烯系树脂粒子含有发泡剂的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法，其中在所述获得苯乙烯系树脂粒子的步骤中，相对于所述2,2-双[4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)-3,5-二溴苯基]丙烷100质量份，使用1质量份～7质量份的所述含有酯基的磺酸盐。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的发泡性苯乙烯系树脂粒子的制造方法，其中所述含有酯基的磺酸盐是具有磺酸盐结构的多羧酸的聚酯。
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| CN108026311A (zh) * | 2015-09-09 | 2018-05-11 | 株式会社钟化 | 发泡性苯乙烯系树脂颗粒、苯乙烯系树脂的预发泡颗粒、苯乙烯系树脂发泡成形体、以及发泡性树脂颗粒的制造方法 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL442025A1 (pl) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-02-19 | Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny W Szczecinie | Spieniony polistyren o ulepszonych właściwościach zawierający nanonapełniacz mineralny i sposób wytwarzania spienionego polistyrenu o ulepszonych właściwościach zawierający nanonapełniacz mineralny |
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