CN110710482B - Culture method of macrobrachium giganteum - Google Patents
Culture method of macrobrachium giganteum Download PDFInfo
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- CN110710482B CN110710482B CN201911220639.XA CN201911220639A CN110710482B CN 110710482 B CN110710482 B CN 110710482B CN 201911220639 A CN201911220639 A CN 201911220639A CN 110710482 B CN110710482 B CN 110710482B
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- 241000238559 Macrobrachium Species 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000583629 Cypridopsis vidua Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010575 Pueraria lobata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219781 Pueraria montana var. lobata Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 244000046146 Pueraria lobata Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029264 phototaxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding shrimps with long arms, which comprises the following steps: preparing a pond; preparing before seedling placing; putting the seed shrimps; managing the water quality of the pond; bait feeding and fishing, wherein the bait feeding step in the area adopts a feeding device for the lobster grahami which can remove residual bait timely and fully, thereby keeping stable water quality and being beneficial to the growth of the lobster body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for breeding shrimps with long arms and a feeding device.
Background
In the shrimp breeding industry, the requirement of the macrobrachium giganteum seedling culture operation on water quality is higher; the soil pond has a large water body, and the water environment is relatively stable; the soil pond is outdoors and outdoors, algae in water can keep good growth and propagation, namely the water color can be maintained, the water quality can be kept stable, and the soil pond seedling method can meet the requirement of the seedling operation of the macrobrachium giganteum on the water quality; however, the soil pond is inconvenient to arrange the residual bait removing device at the bottom of the pond, and the bottom of the pond needs to be cleaned after water in the soil pond is periodically pumped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for culturing lobster grahami with residual bait easy to remove and a feeding device, and the method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding the shrimps with the long arms of the Gregorian graham concretely comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a pond: selecting a sand sediment pond; annular ditches are arranged around the pond; the pond is provided with a water inlet and outlet gate, a blocking net and an aerator; dredging, cleaning the tank, disinfecting, removing harm and arranging hidden objects;
2) and preparing before seedling release: filtering with a bolting silk with mesh size of 0.25mm 15 days before seeding to reach seawater depth of 40-50cm, fertilizing to culture basic bait, selecting fermented organic fertilizer as fertilizer, culturing water color to yellow green or yellow brown, and retaining diatom in water;
3) and seed shrimp throwing: putting the seed shrimps at the water level of the platform at the bottom of the pond, wherein the water level is 50-70 cm, the transparency is 30-45 cm, and the water temperature is higher than 16 ℃;
4) managing the water quality of the pond: pH value of 7.4-8.8, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) not less than 5mg/L, ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH)4+-N) less than or equal to 0.8mg/L, hydrogen sulfide (H)2S is less than or equal to 0.05mg/L and nitrite Nitrogen (NO)2--N) is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, and the transparency is 30 cm-45 cm; at the initial stage of cultivation, 3-5 cm of water is added every day until the water level reaches more than 2m, and the water level is kept; maintaining the water level at about 2.5 m in the middle and later stages of the cultivation; in the later stage, water is changed properly before shelling the shrimps; changing water every 10-15 days in the culture period, wherein the water changing amount is 10-20%; and after rainstorm, draining the upper-layer water in time, wherein the salinity of the pond water is not lower than 12.
5) Feeding baits: in the flea larva and the young shrimp stage, compound feed is not fed, plankton in the feeding pond is taken as the main material, and alternative bait is fed when the basic bait is insufficient; feeding the compound feed for the prawns when the body length is more than 2cm, wherein the particle size of the compound feed fed at the stage of 2-4cm of the body length is 0.2mm, and the feeding amount per day is 20% of the weight of the prawns; the grain size of the compound feed is 0.4mm when the compound feed is fed at the stage of 4-6cm of body length, and the feeding amount per day is 25 percent of the weight of the shrimp bodies; when the body length is more than 6cm, the particle size of the compound feed is 0.8mm, and the feeding amount per day is 30% of the weight of the shrimp bodies; the protein content in the feed is controlled to be 22-38% in the whole breeding process. When the water temperature is lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 32 ℃, the feeding amount is reduced;
6) and preventing and controlling the polypide: randomly taking a plurality of shrimp bodies in the pond in a fixed period, detecting the quantity of the polycondensed insects on the surface of the shrimp bodies under a microscope, and reducing the polycondensed insects in the pond by adopting a water changing mode or a mode of firstly filling formaldehyde into the pond and then changing water;
7) and fishing: when the shrimp size is larger than or equal to 6cm, gradually discharging the pool water and catching the shrimps by using a ground cage.
The culture method of the shrimps with the long arms is further designed in such a way that the pond depth is 2-3 m; the depth of the annular groove is 0.8-1.0 m.
The method for breeding the macrobrachium giganteum is further designed in the step 3), the macrobrachium giganteum caught in the sea is taken as a seed shrimp, the seed shrimp is required to be more than 6cm in specification, 2-2.5g of the weight of each tail, 3500 grains/tail-4500 grains/tail in egg holding amount, and the grains are light yellow or orange yellow; putting parent shrimps in late 4 to late 5, putting the parent shrimps into a closed net cage made of polyethylene net sheets of 2m X1m X1m and 40 meshes, and separating the parent shrimps from larvae after spawning; the number of the breeding shrimps per mu is 120-150 egg-carrying shrimps.
The method for breeding the shrimps with the giant arms is further designed in that the substitute bait in the step 5) is egg yolks filtered by 100-mesh bolting silk, and 5-8 egg yolks are fed per mu each day.
The method for breeding the shrimps with the long arms is further designed in that a device for feeding the shrimps with the long arms is adopted in the feeding process in the step 5): the bait feeding device comprises a base, an upright post, a cover cylinder, a feeding plate and a residual bait collecting plate, wherein the upright post is vertically connected to the base, the cover cylinder is vertically connected to the upper part of the upright post, and the diameter of an upper port of the cover cylinder is larger than that of a lower port; the feeding plate is arranged at the lower part of the upright post and is positioned below the lower port of the cover cylinder; the residual bait collecting plate is fixedly arranged below the feeding plate of the upright post, and the diameter of the residual bait collecting plate is larger than that of the feeding plate; the middle part of the upright post is provided with a first cavity, the side wall of the first cavity is provided with a water inlet and a plurality of water outlets, the water inlet is connected with a high dissolved oxygen water pipe, and the water outlets are as high as the upper side surface of the food taking plate; the lower part of the upright post is provided with a second cavity, the side wall of the second cavity is provided with a water pumping hole and a plurality of water return holes, the water pumping hole is connected with a residual bait collecting pipe, and the water return holes are equal in height with the upper side surface of the residual bait collecting plate.
The culture method of the shrimps with the long arms is further designed in that a straight cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of the cover cylinder and sleeved on the upper part of the upright post; the outer edge of the lower port of the cover cylinder is connected with a floating block; and the upper part of the upright post is fixedly provided with a limiting sleeve which is positioned below the straight cylinder.
The method for breeding the shrimps with the long arms is further designed in that a plurality of convex ridges are arranged on the upper side surface of the feeding plate.
The method for culturing the shrimps with the long arms is further designed in that a protective cylinder is arranged between the lower side edge of the feeding plate and the residual bait collecting plate, and the side wall of the protective cylinder is provided with filter holes.
The method for culturing the shrimps with the long arms is further characterized in that a light source piece positioned above the feeding plate is arranged in the middle of the upright post.
The method for culturing the lobsters of the Gregorian graham is further designed in the step 6), at intervals of 7 days in 7 months to 10 months and at other intervals, 10 shrimps are randomly selected from the pond, the quantity of the polypiperids on the body surfaces of the shrimps is detected under a microscope, in a 100-time visual field, when 1 to 15 larvae are found, the polypiperids are reduced by adopting a water changing mode, specifically changing for 3 times, and changing the water in 1/3 ponds every 4 hours; when more than 15 worms are found, formaldehyde is firstly adopted for treatment for 2 hours, the concentration is 20ppm, then the water pool 1/3 is changed, the water pool 1/3 is changed after 4 hours, and the water pool 1/3 is changed after 8 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the culture method of the shrimps with the long arms is low in seedling cost, high in survival rate, and high in emergence rate and finished product quality; algae in water can keep good growth and propagation, not only can maintain water color and keep water quality stable, but also can provide rich bait for the larvae of the macrobrachium giganteum and zooplankton, and has good effect; the operation of feeding the seedling in-process adopts the long-armed shrimp of lobed kudzuvine to feed and eats the device, can carry out abundant collection to incomplete bait and the excrement and urine of parent shrimp feed in-process exhaust, avoids incomplete bait and excrement and urine to accumulate in a large number in soil pond bottom and decomposes the polluted water quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a feeding device for shrimps under the action of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples in conjunction with the description:
the method for breeding the shrimps with the long arms comprises the following steps:
a method for breeding the shrimps with the long arms of the Gregorian graham concretely comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a pond: selecting a sand sediment pond; annular ditches are arranged around the pond; the pond is provided with a water inlet and outlet gate, a blocking net and an aerator; dredging, cleaning the tank, disinfecting, removing harm and arranging hidden objects;
2) and preparing before seedling release: filtering with a bolting silk with mesh size of 0.25mm 15 days before seeding to reach seawater depth of 40-50cm, fertilizing to culture basic bait, selecting fermented organic fertilizer as fertilizer, culturing water color to yellow green or yellow brown, and retaining diatom in water;
3) and seed shrimp throwing: putting the seed shrimps at the water level of the platform at the bottom of the pond, wherein the water level is 50-70 cm, the transparency is 30-45 cm, and the water temperature is higher than 16 ℃;
4) managing the water quality of the pond: the pH value is 7.4-8.8, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is more than or equal to 5mg/L, the ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 4+ -N) is less than or equal to 0.8mg/L, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is less than or equal to 0.05mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen (NO 2- -N) is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, and the transparency is 30-45 cm; at the initial stage of cultivation, 3-5 cm of water is added every day until the water level reaches more than 2m, and the water level is kept; maintaining the water level at about 2.5 m in the middle and later stages of the cultivation; in the later stage, water is changed properly before shelling the shrimps; changing water every 10-15 days in the culture period, wherein the water changing amount is 10-20%; and after rainstorm, draining the upper-layer water in time, wherein the salinity of the pond water is not lower than 12.
5) Feeding baits: in the flea larva and the young shrimp stage, compound feed is not fed, plankton in the feeding pond is taken as the main material, and alternative bait is fed when the basic bait is insufficient; feeding the compound feed for the prawns when the body length is more than 2cm, wherein the particle size of the compound feed fed at the stage of 2-4cm of the body length is 0.2mm, and the feeding amount per day is 20% of the weight of the prawns; the grain size of the compound feed is 0.4mm when the compound feed is fed at the stage of 4-6cm of body length, and the feeding amount per day is 25 percent of the weight of the shrimp bodies; when the body length is more than 6cm, the particle size of the compound feed is 0.8mm, and the feeding amount per day is 30% of the weight of the shrimp bodies; the protein content in the feed is controlled to be 22-38% in the whole breeding process. When the water temperature is lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 32 ℃, the feeding amount is reduced;
6) and preventing and controlling the polypide: randomly taking 10 shrimps in the pond at intervals of 7 days every 7 months to 10 months at other intervals, detecting the quantity of the polycondensed shrimps on the body surfaces of the shrimps under a microscope, and changing water to reduce the polycondensed shrimps for 3 times in 100 times of visual field when 1-15 shrimps are found, wherein the water is changed for 1/3 ponds every 4 hours; when more than 15 worms are found, firstly, formaldehyde is adopted for treatment for 2 hours, the concentration is 20ppm, then the water 1/3 pool is changed, the water 1/3 pool is changed after 4 hours, and the water 1/3 pool is changed after 8 hours;
7) and fishing: when the shrimp size is larger than or equal to 6cm, gradually discharging the pool water and catching the shrimps by using a ground cage.
Wherein the depth of the pond is 2-3 m; the depth of the annular groove is 0.8-1.0 m.
Step 3), taking the sea-caught shrimps with the longarm grahami as breeding shrimps, wherein the specifications of the breeding shrimps are more than 6cm, the weight of each tail is 2-2.5g, the egg-holding amount is 3500 grains/tail-4500 grains/tail, and the grains are light yellow or orange yellow; putting parent shrimps in late 4 to late 5, putting the parent shrimps into a closed net cage made of polyethylene net sheets of 2m X1m X1m and 40 meshes, and separating the parent shrimps from larvae after spawning; the number of the breeding shrimps per mu is 120-150 egg-carrying shrimps.
The substitute bait shown in the step 5) is egg yolks filtered by a 100-mesh bolting silk, 5-8 egg yolks are fed per mu every day, the feeding device adopts a giant lobster gracilis feeding device shown in figure 1, the device comprises a base 1 arranged at the bottom of a water body, an upright post 2, a cover cylinder 3, a feeding plate 4 and a residual bait collecting plate 5, the upright post 2 is vertically connected to the base 1, the cover cylinder 3 is vertically connected to the upper part of the upright post, and the diameter of the upper port of the cover cylinder is larger than that of the lower port; the feeding plate is arranged at the lower part of the upright post and is positioned below the lower port of the cover cylinder; the residual bait collecting plate is fixedly arranged below the feeding plate of the upright post, and the diameter of the residual bait collecting plate is larger than that of the feeding plate; the middle part of the upright post 2 is provided with a first cavity 21, the side wall of the first cavity is provided with a water inlet 22 and a plurality of water outlets 23, the water inlet is connected with a high dissolved oxygen water pipe 27, and the water outlets have the same height as the upper side surface of the feeding plate; the lower part of the upright post is provided with a second cavity 24, the side wall of the second cavity is provided with a water pumping hole 25 and a plurality of water return holes 26, the water pumping hole is connected with a residual bait collecting pipe 28, and the water return holes are as high as the upper side surface of the residual bait collecting plate; throwing the bait into the cover cylinder, sinking the bait onto the feeding plate, pumping the high dissolved oxygen into the first cavity from the high dissolved oxygen water pipe and then discharging the high dissolved oxygen from the water outlet hole, flushing the bait with the high dissolved oxygen water to uniformly distribute the high dissolved oxygen water on the feeding plate, and closing the high dissolved oxygen water pipe; after the parent shrimps finish feeding, opening the high dissolved oxygen water pipe and a water pump connected with the high dissolved oxygen water pipe, and flushing residual baits and excrement on the feeding plate to enable the residual baits and excrement to fall into a residual bait collecting plate; the water inlet port of the high dissolved oxygen water pipe can be arranged in the water body close to the water surface by utilizing a floating body, and the dissolved oxygen on the water surface is higher; meanwhile, an external water pump connected with the residual bait collecting pipe is started, and residual baits and excrement are pumped out from the water pumping hole after entering the second cavity from the water return hole along with water flow; a stable local water flow is formed between the water outlet hole and the water return hole;
the central part of the cover cylinder 3 is fixedly connected with a straight cylinder 31, and the straight cylinder 31 is sleeved on the upper part of the upright post; the outer edge of the lower port of the cover cylinder is connected with a floating block 32; the upper part of the upright post is fixedly provided with a limit sleeve 33 which is positioned below the straight cylinder. The floating block can ensure that the upper port of the cover cylinder 3 is always positioned on the liquid level when the water level slightly fluctuates, thereby being convenient for accurate feeding.
The upper side of the feeding plate 4 is provided with a plurality of convex ridges 41. During the flushing process of the high dissolved oxygen water, the bait can gradually stay in the grooves between the convex ridges, so that the bait can be conveniently dispersed on the feeding plate.
In order to prevent the shrimp bodies from being drawn out when the residual baits are cleared, a protective cylinder 7 is arranged between the lower side edge of the feeding plate and the residual bait collecting plate, and the side wall of the protective cylinder is provided with a filter hole 71. The diameter of the protective cylinder is far larger than that of the upright post, so that the negative pressure transmitted from the second cavity is dispersed on the side wall of the protective cylinder, the negative pressure at the filter hole is small, and the parent shrimps and the larvae cannot be pumped out.
The middle part of the upright post is provided with a light source part 6 which is positioned above the feeding plate and can adopt an LED lamp; the light source piece is opened, so that the condition of residual baits on the feeding plate can be observed conveniently, the larvae have phototaxis, and the light source piece is opened to attract the larvae to feed in a concentrated manner.
Claims (9)
1. A method for breeding the shrimps with the long arms of the Gregorian graham concretely comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a pond: selecting a sand sediment pond; annular ditches are arranged around the pond; the pond is provided with a water inlet and outlet gate, a blocking net and an aerator; dredging, cleaning the tank, disinfecting, removing harm and arranging hidden objects;
2) and preparing before seedling release: filtering with a bolting silk with mesh size of 0.25mm 15 days before seeding to reach seawater depth of 40-50cm, fertilizing to culture basic bait, selecting fermented organic fertilizer as fertilizer, culturing water color to yellow green or yellow brown, and retaining diatom in water;
3) and seed shrimp throwing: putting the seed shrimps at the water level of the platform at the bottom of the pond, wherein the water level is 50-70 cm, the transparency is 30-45 cm, and the water temperature is higher than 16 ℃;
4) managing the water quality of the pond: pH value of 7.4-8.8, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) not less than 5mg/L, ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH)4+-N) less than or equal to 0.8mg/L, hydrogen sulfide (H)2S is less than or equal to 0.05mg/L and nitrite Nitrogen (NO)2--N) is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, and the transparency is 30 cm-45 cm; at the initial stage of cultivation, 3-5 cm of water is added every day until the water level reaches more than 2m, and the water level is kept; maintaining the water level at about 2.5 m in the middle and later stages of the cultivation; in the later stage, water is changed properly before shelling the shrimps; the water is changed every 10 to 15 days in the culture period, and the water change amount is10% -20%; draining the upper water in time after rainstorm, wherein the salinity of the pond water is not lower than 12;
5) feeding baits: in the flea larva and the young shrimp stage, compound feed is not fed, plankton in the feeding pond is taken as the main material, and alternative bait is fed when the basic bait is insufficient; feeding the compound feed for the prawns when the body length is more than 2cm, wherein the particle size of the compound feed fed at the stage of 2-4cm of the body length is 0.2mm, and the feeding amount per day is 20% of the weight of the prawns; the grain size of the compound feed is 0.4mm when the compound feed is fed at the stage of 4-6cm of body length, and the feeding amount per day is 25 percent of the weight of the shrimp bodies; when the body length is more than 6cm, the particle size of the compound feed is 0.8mm, and the feeding amount per day is 30% of the weight of the shrimp bodies; the protein content in the feed is controlled to be 22-38% in the whole breeding process; when the water temperature is lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 32 ℃, the feeding amount is reduced; the feeding process adopts a device for feeding the shrimps with the Long-armed Kudzuvine: the bait feeding device comprises a base, an upright post, a cover cylinder, a feeding plate and a residual bait collecting plate, wherein the upright post is vertically connected to the base, the cover cylinder is vertically connected to the upper part of the upright post, and the diameter of an upper port of the cover cylinder is larger than that of a lower port; the feeding plate is arranged at the lower part of the upright post and is positioned below the lower port of the cover cylinder; the residual bait collecting plate is fixedly arranged below the feeding plate of the upright post, and the diameter of the residual bait collecting plate is larger than that of the feeding plate; the middle part of the upright post is provided with a first cavity, the side wall of the first cavity is provided with a water inlet and a plurality of water outlets, the water inlet is connected with a high dissolved oxygen water pipe, and the water outlets are as high as the upper side surface of the food taking plate; the lower part of the upright post is provided with a second cavity, the side wall of the second cavity is provided with a water pumping hole and a plurality of water return holes, the water pumping hole is connected with a residual bait collecting pipe, and the water return holes are as high as the upper side surface of the residual bait collecting plate;
6) and preventing and controlling the polypide: randomly taking a plurality of shrimp bodies in the pond in a fixed period, detecting the quantity of the polycondensed insects on the surface of the shrimp bodies under a microscope, and reducing the polycondensed insects in the pond by adopting a water changing mode or a mode of firstly filling formaldehyde into the pond and then changing water;
7) and fishing: when the shrimp size is larger than or equal to 6cm, gradually discharging the pool water and catching the shrimps by using a ground cage.
2. The method for culturing the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pond depth is 2-3 m; the depth of the annular groove is 0.8-1.0 m.
3. The method for culturing the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), the shrimps caught in the sea are used as seed shrimps, and the seed shrimps are required to have a specification of more than 6cm, a weight of 2-2.5g per tail, an egg holding amount of 3500 to 4500 eggs per tail, and the eggs are light yellow or orange yellow; putting parent shrimps in late 4 to late 5, putting the parent shrimps into a closed net cage made of 2mX1mX1m and 40-mesh polyethylene net pieces, and separating the parent shrimps from larvae after spawning; the number of the breeding shrimps per mu is 120-150 egg-carrying shrimps.
4. The method for culturing the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substitute bait in step 5) is egg yolks filtered through 100 mesh bolting silk, and 5-8 egg yolks are fed per mu per day.
5. The method for culturing the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein a straight cylinder is fixedly connected to the central part of the cover cylinder, and the straight cylinder is sleeved on the upper part of the upright post; the outer edge of the lower port of the cover cylinder is connected with a floating block; and the upper part of the upright post is fixedly provided with a limiting sleeve which is positioned below the straight cylinder.
6. The method for cultivating the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding plate has a plurality of ridges on its upper side.
7. The method for cultivating shrimps in claim 1, wherein a protective tube is arranged between the lower side edge of the rim of the feeding plate and the residual bait collecting plate, and the side wall of the protective tube is provided with filter holes.
8. The method for cultivating Macrobrachium giganteum according to claim 1, wherein a light source is provided in the middle of the pillar above the feeding plate.
9. The method for cultivating the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 6), 10 shrimps are randomly selected from the pond at intervals of 7 days in 7 months to 10 months and at other intervals, the number of the polypides on the surface of the shrimps is detected under a microscope, and when 1 to 15 shrimps are found in a 100-fold visual field, the polypides are reduced by changing water, specifically changing for 3 times, and changing the water in 1/3 ponds every 4 h; when more than 15 worms are found, formaldehyde is firstly adopted for treatment for 2 hours, the concentration is 20ppm, then the water pool 1/3 is changed, the water pool 1/3 is changed after 4 hours, and the water pool 1/3 is changed after 8 hours.
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