CN110709615B - 离合器组件以及传动系单元 - Google Patents

离合器组件以及传动系单元 Download PDF

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CN110709615B
CN110709615B CN201880036711.0A CN201880036711A CN110709615B CN 110709615 B CN110709615 B CN 110709615B CN 201880036711 A CN201880036711 A CN 201880036711A CN 110709615 B CN110709615 B CN 110709615B
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clutch
drive train
train unit
unit according
dog
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CN110709615A (zh
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G·施米特
A·巴塔
W·孔德尔曼
A·罗姆
G·菲尔内克斯
A·保内
M·罗斯纳
M·孔茨
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/08—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts actuated by moving a non-rotating part axially
    • F16D11/10—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts actuated by moving a non-rotating part axially with clutching members movable only axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
    • F03G3/08—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors using flywheels
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/14—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable only axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/50—Engine start by use of flywheel kinetic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F02N15/022—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有摩擦离合器(8)和爪形离合器(9)的离合器组件(3)，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)的输出侧和所述爪形离合器(9)的输出侧能与飞轮块装置(4)连接。此外，本发明涉及一种传动系单元。

Description

离合器组件以及传动系单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有一摩擦离合器和一爪形离合器的离合器组件。
背景技术
在已知的离合器组件中，摩擦离合器和爪形离合器并联。摩擦离合器独自所不能传递的转矩能够通过爪形离合器来传递。
此外已知，在混合动力传动系中应用电动机，以便起动内燃机。这具有以下缺点：电动机必须保留相应的功率储备，从而能够从电动运行转换到混合动力运行或者单独内燃机运行。与之相应地，电动机要比单独电动机运行所需的程度设计得更强劲。
发明内容
由此出发本发明的目的在于，提供一种离合器组件，借助于该离合器组件能够使电动机在没有或者仅具有较小功率储备的情况下足够用于起动内燃机。
为了解决该问题规定，摩擦离合器的输出侧和爪形离合器的输出侧能与飞轮块装置连接。这种离合器装置仅具有在装配后与飞轮块装置连接的连接部位。在此本发明的核心在于，离合器组件、也能被称为飞轮起动离合器组件布置在飞轮块装置上游。由此能够使飞轮块通过电动机保持转动，因此飞轮块装置具有较大的旋转能量或转动能量。通过飞轮起动离合器能够在电动运行期间将内燃机与飞轮块装置分离开。为了起动马达而闭合飞轮起动离合器，其中会产生较大的转矩峰值。该转矩峰值可以由并联的摩擦离合器和爪形离合器承受。
通过将摩擦离合器与形式为爪形离合器的形状配合的离合器进行组合也避免了爪形离合器的较硬的接入。
有利地，所述爪形离合器具有爪形元件，所述爪形元件具有至少一个输入侧的和至少一个输出侧的齿部。所述齿部其中之一、优选输入侧的齿部能够脱开，以便实现脱耦。
有利地，所述爪形离合器具有爪形元件，所述爪形元件能支承在飞轮块装置上。所述爪形元件于是基本上空心柱状地构造。在装配离合器组件时，所述爪形元件或者支承套筒与飞轮块装置连接，所述爪形元件插接或者推移到所述支承套筒上。在此所述爪形元件尤其可轴向运动地得到支承。
有利地，所述爪形离合器能够是径向的爪形离合器。与之相应地，齿部的齿沿径向方向布置。
优选地，所述爪形离合器具有爪形元件，其中在所述爪形元件上布置有径向向外指向的突起，借助于该凸起能操纵所述爪形离合器。与之相应地，通过轴向移动所述爪形元件来操纵所述爪形离合器。对此设置突起，操纵装置能够作用在所述突起上。
有利地，所述爪形元件能够借助于预加载弹簧在优选位置中预张紧。通过所述预加载弹簧形成爪形离合器的限定的输出位置。有利地，所述预加载弹簧可以作用在用于操纵爪形离合器的突起上。
有利地，所述摩擦离合器和/或爪形离合器能够是常闭离合器。在爪形离合器的情况下，预加载弹簧沿闭合方向支撑爪形元件。
有利地，所述摩擦离合器能够使干式离合器。在已知的经过组合的离合器中，其不仅包括摩擦离合器而且包括爪形离合器，反之，所述摩擦离合器是湿式膜片式离合器。
虽然所述摩擦离合器原则上也能是干式膜片式离合器，但是优选地，所述摩擦离合器具有离合器片。该离合器片有利地布置在输入侧。
与传统的启动离合器相反，对于飞轮起动离合器组件来说由此呈现出相反的构造。在仅具有一个干式摩擦离合器的启动离合器中，离合器片通常与变速箱输入轴连接。所述离合器片由此布置在离合器的输出侧上。所述离合器片优选可以通过轮毂与曲轴连接。有利地，至少一个弹性元件、尤其是切向板簧能够位于轮毂和离合器片之间。
优选地，所述摩擦离合器具有布置在输出侧的压板。在将离合器片布置在输入侧时呈现出这种情况。
有利地，所述离合器组件能够具有对应压板。在已知的启动离合器中，飞轮或者双质量飞轮用作对应压板。这在所描述的构造中是不可能的，因为飞轮块装置位于离合器组件的输出侧进而不能是离合器输入结构的一部分。
有利地，所述对应压板与离合器组件的壳体区段不可相对转动地连接。进一步优选地，所述对应压板可以支承在离合器组件的输入侧上。所述对应压板尤其可以支承在离合器组件的输入侧的轮毂上。为此，滚动轴承优选位于轮毂和对应压板之间。由此获得了闭合的离合器模块，该离合器模块能以简单的类型和方式在一侧与曲轴连接并且在另一侧与飞轮块装置连接。
所述摩擦离合器和爪形离合器优选能够具有共同的操纵装置。在将离合器组件用作为飞轮起动离合器时，一直同时使用摩擦离合器和爪形离合器。因此有利地使用唯一的操纵装置，通过该操纵装置同时操纵两个离合器。对于常闭离合器来说两个离合器共同脱开。通过这种共同的操纵简化了离合器组件的控制，此外能够节省构件。
有利地，所述操纵装置沿闭合方向首先操纵摩擦离合器。由此在爪形离合器嵌入之前能够在滑转运行时促动离合器组件。相反在打开时首先触发爪形离合器。
有利地，所述摩擦离合器和/或爪形离合器具有借助于压力油操纵的操纵装置。该操纵液压地进行，而离合器组件的两个离合器在优选的设计方案中都是干式的。所述爪形离合器一直是干式的，所述摩擦离合器在优选的实施方式中也是干式的。
有利地，通过变速箱泵提供压力油。以这种类型和方式能够实现离合器组件的操纵，而除了活塞、输送部和阀之外不需要附加的构件。
优选地，所述离合器组件具有带有操纵活塞的操纵装置，所述操纵活塞不仅操纵摩擦离合器而且操纵爪形离合器。尤其所述操纵活塞能够是环状的，其中不仅径向内部的而且径向外部的钵状的壁部沿径向方向延伸。于是可以通过环的运动同时操纵摩擦离合器和爪形离合器。通过操纵活塞的壁部的不同高度或者通过对操纵活塞的壁部的高度的调校也能够确定，是否同时地或者以一定时间间隔操纵摩擦离合器和爪形离合器。如以上进一步所述，在操纵爪形离合器不久之前开始操纵摩擦离合器是有利的。这能够借助于钵高度进行调整。替代地，操纵活塞可以具有沿径向方向延伸的操纵板。
优选能够如此设计所述摩擦离合器，从而其能够承受沿牵引方向出现的负转矩。在离合器组件运行时，不仅会出现正转矩，而且在马达功率逆转时也会沿牵引方向出现负转矩。在此如此设计所述摩擦离合器，从而其能够单独承担负转矩。由此也避免了爪形离合器的可能的噪声，也就是嘎嘎响声。于是如此设计所述爪形离合器，从而其能够承受沿正转矩方向剩余的峰值转矩并且还提供一安全储备。例如所述摩擦离合器可以传递600Nm。当峰值转矩沿正向为2000Nm时，所述爪形离合器设计为传递1500Nm。所述600Nm如上进一步所述通过所述转矩沿负牵引方向被覆盖得出。
有利地，所述摩擦离合器具有输入侧的轮毂，所述爪形离合器的输入齿部能与所述轮毂不可相对转动地连接。所述摩擦离合器的输入轮毂于是也是爪形离合器的输入部件，由此形成摩擦离合器和爪形离合器的并联。不可相对转动的连接可能性在此并不意外着，爪形离合器的、优选布置在爪形元件上的输入齿部与直接加工到摩擦离合器的输入轮毂中的齿部啮合。尤其是一种齿部支座能够与输入轮毂固定连接。爪形离合器的输入齿部能够啮合到该齿部中。
爪形离合器的输入齿部尤其能够脱出。也就是说，在脱耦时取消了在轮毂和爪形离合器的输入齿部之间的齿部的形状配合。该齿部在爪形离合器的输出侧能够反之优选持续地与在飞轮块装置一侧的齿部啮合。在飞轮块装置一侧，该齿部完整能够地加工到飞轮块装置的、与爪形离合器接触的一部分中。然而这里优选地，一种齿部支架固定地与飞轮块装置连接并且所述飞轮块装置以多件式的实施方式存在。这在制造技术上能比飞轮块装置的一体式的实施方式显著更简单地实现。
所述离合器组件优选能够是装配单元。其于是可以是安装在传动系中的、预装配的模块。
此外，本发明涉及一种带有离合器组件和飞轮块装置的至少一部分的传动系单元。如开始已经描述的那样，所述离合器组件作为als飞轮起动离合器被安装到混合动力的传动系中。其并非启动离合器，而是用于起动内燃机的离合器。与之相应地，该传动系的特征在于，如以上所述构造所述离合器组件。
于是就功能而言，所有关于离合器组件的表述不再是可能的而是已经实现的。例如，所述摩擦离合器的输出侧与飞轮块装置不可相对转动地连接。爪形元件支承在飞轮块装置上。然而在将爪形离合器与飞轮块装置连接时这是不明确的，因为爪形离合器的至少一侧能与对应齿部保持连接，因为如上所述爪形离合器脱出以脱离接合。爪形离合器的一侧也就不存在齿部的持续连接而是仅仅在进入接合的状态中纯在啮合。
有利地，所述飞轮块装置能够是双质量飞轮。于是摩擦离合器的输出侧与双质量飞轮的初级侧连接。同样，爪形离合器的输出齿部与双质量飞轮的初级侧连接或能连接。
代替双质量飞轮也能使用单质量飞轮。在这种情况下，与在双质量飞轮中完全一样地设置接合部位。
所述摩擦离合器和/或爪形离合器优选能够具有能借助于压力油进行操纵的操纵装置，并且所述飞轮块装置构造用于容纳压力腔的一部分。在此，所述飞轮块装置可以构成压力腔的壁部的一部分，但其也可以容纳压力腔的壁部元件并对其进行支撑。正如关于齿部已经描述的那样，非一体式地构造飞轮块装置在制造技术上是更简单的。与之相应地，所述飞轮块装置也由多个构件构成。
所述飞轮块装置优选能够容纳压力腔的壁部的一部分，其中爪形离合器的输出齿部同时作用在该构件处。由此获得传动系的极其紧凑的结构形式，因为压力腔同时构成爪形离合器的输出结构。
有利地，能够引导压力油供给部穿过飞轮块装置。压力油供给部尤其可以是摩擦离合器和/或爪形离合器的操纵装置的压力油供给部。在所述飞轮块装置构造为双质量飞轮时，引导所述压力油供给部穿过所述双质量飞轮的初级部分。
有利地，所述传动系在飞轮块装置的输出侧能够具有一分离离合器。该分离离合器用于将电动机与内燃机分离开，从而在电动运行中不必克服内燃机的拖曳力矩。进一步有利地，所述传动系在飞轮块装置的输出侧能够具有一电动机。该电动机优选以P2布置方式耦联到传动系中。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点、特征和细节由以下对实施例和附图的描述得出。其中附图示出：
图1是传动系的示图；
图2是离合器组件的第一设计方案的示图；
图3是爪形离合器的细节视图；并且
图4是离合器组件的第二设计方案的示图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有内燃机2、飞轮起动离合器组件3、飞轮块装置4、分离离合器5、电动机6和变速箱7的传动系1。所述电动机6在此可以设计为单独的电动机或者串联的电动机，这里重要的是，在传动系1中电动机6作用在变速箱7上游。
所述飞轮起动离合器组件3的特征在于，其位置在所述飞轮块装置4上游。这归因于飞轮起动离合器组件3的特别功能，所述飞轮起动离合器组件仅用于内燃机2的高行程(Hochreisen)并且否则传递内燃机2的转矩。通过预设飞轮起动离合器组件3能够将电动机6设计成具有较小的功率储备，由此能以较低的成本制造。在此，在纯电动运行时，所述飞轮起动离合器组件3将内燃机2与传动系的其余部分分离，所述电动机6在纯电动运行时于是也驱动作为能量存储器的飞轮块装置4。然而，在纯电动运行中，电动机6为此必须施加的附加功率小于当电动机6不仅为了起动内燃机而且必须使飞轮块装置4加速所急需的功率储备。
总的来看，在电动机6运行期间提供略微更多的功率，以便保持飞轮块装置4处于运行。但对此电动机6整体上可以设计得较弱，因为储存在飞轮块装置4中的能量能够用于起动内燃机2。
所述飞轮起动离合器组件3尤其不是启动离合器，因为其不能用于使机动车运动起来。与机动车是否已经处于运动无关地，所述飞轮起动离合器组件3仅仅用于起动内燃机2。其因此从设计方面来说例如关于送走热量能与启动离合器不同地进行设计。在这方面，例如在压板的材料量方面的不同功能是显而易见的。
图2示出了飞轮起动离合器组件3的第一种设计方案。所述飞轮起动离合器组件3具有摩擦离合器8以及与其并列地布置的爪形离合器9。摩擦离合器8是干式摩擦离合器。其尤其是单片摩擦离合器并且与之相应地包括压板10和离合器片12。摩擦离合器8的输入侧与曲轴14连接，更确切地说经由轮毂16与曲轴14连接。所述轮毂16例如借助于螺纹紧固件18与曲轴14旋紧。
所述离合器片12借助于铆钉20并且经由切向板簧22固定在输入轮毂16上。所述离合器片12于是不可相对转动地与曲轴14连接。在此，所述切向板簧22引起离合器片12的轴向位移可能性，所述离合器片也能以不同的方式实现。所述轮毂16也不必具有毂盘24，所述切向板簧22或所述离合器片12作用在所述毂盘上。
压板10、对应压板28、切向板簧30、壳体32和膜片弹簧34位于所述摩擦离合器8的输出侧。
在图2中，所述膜片弹簧34借助于铆钉36固定在飞轮块装置4的初级侧38上。但这并非强制性的，比如像如图4所看出的那样。所述压板10比如在该类型的摩擦离合器中经由切向板簧30可轴向移动地支承在壳体32上。所述摩擦离合器8能通过膜片弹簧34脱开。所述摩擦离合器8于是构造为常闭离合器。
所述爪形离合器9同样使曲轴14与飞轮块装置4的初级侧38连接。所述爪形离合器9的设置在爪形元件42上的输入齿部40通过输入轮毂16和至少不可相对转动地布置在其上的随动元件44与曲轴14连接。如上所述，将附加元件布置在轮毂16上或者将随动元件44固定在轮毂16上比将齿部直接设置在输入轮毂16上更简单。所述爪形离合器9或者爪形元件42的输出齿部46反之与初级侧38啮合或者通常与飞轮块装置4啮合。
在该视图中，在轮毂16的一侧上的齿部以及在初级侧38上的齿部并非爪形离合器9的一部分。根据传动链1或者飞轮起动离合器组件3的构造，其也能够被看作或设计为爪形离合器的一部分。
为了操纵摩擦离合器8和爪形离合器9，所述飞轮起动离合器组件3具有操纵装置48。所述操纵装置48通过轴向推动操纵活塞50的压力油进行控制。所述操纵活塞50构造为环状，其沿径向内侧和沿径向外侧分别具有一壁部52和54。所述壁部52在此与膜片弹簧34接触并且所述壁部54与设置在爪形元件42上的突起57接触。因为所述壁部52布置得比壁部54更高，并且相比于爪形离合器9摩擦离合器8布置得更靠前，所以比爪形离合器9更早地操纵、也就是说接合和脱开摩擦离合器8。
压力腔不仅由活塞50限定，而且由联接元件56限定。所述联接元件56是飞轮块装置4的初级侧38的一部分。所述初级侧38多部件地构造，基体58在此是骨架状的，所述联接元件56固定在该基体上。因此初级侧38进而飞轮块装置4也容纳压力腔60。通到压力腔60的输送部62在此被引导穿过所述初级侧38。
所述联接元件56在此满足双重功能。其一方面构成压力腔60的壁部，另一方面具有齿部64，该齿部与爪形元件42的输出齿部46啮合。齿部46和64在此优选一直啮合，也即与爪形离合器9是否接合或者脱开无关。这通过齿部46和64的轴向长度来实现。
图3示出了爪形元件42的细节。在此可以看到输入齿部40和输出齿部46。所述输入齿部40在构造有两个齿部66和68，从而在轴向运动时向左不会再与对应齿部重叠并且因此取消了传力配合。于是所述输入齿部40脱出。对应齿部如上所述布置在随动元件44上并且由齿部70和72构成。
反之，输出齿部46沿轴向方向要长得多，从而对应齿部64即使在轴向位移时也不会相对于齿部46脱出并且因此持续地保持啮合。
此外也能够识别出突起57以及预加载弹簧74。
图4示出了飞轮起动离合器组件3的另一种设计方案。与按照图2所示的设计方案不同，在此膜片弹簧并非紧固在飞轮块装置4的初级侧38上而是紧固在随动板76上，由此所述飞轮起动离合器组件能构造为预装配好的模块。所述飞轮起动离合器组件3于是能够通过螺纹紧固件78旋紧在飞轮块单元4上。在此显而易见地仅拧紧输出侧的元件。按照图4所示的构造在多个细节上与按照图2所示的构造一致，因此这里使用相同的附图标记。
相比于爪形元件42，爪形元件80的具体构造有所不同。
与图2所示相反，操纵活塞82也不再设有壁部，更确切地说，其或多或少地由笔直的前侧、也能被称为操纵板构成，所述操纵板不仅能使膜片弹簧34也能使爪形元件80轴向地运动。但是活塞82仍然是环形的。
附图标记列表：
1 传动系
2 内燃机
3 飞轮起动离合器组件
4 飞轮块装置
5 分离离合器
6 电动机
7 变速箱
8 摩擦离合器
9 爪形离合器
10 压板
12 离合器片
14 曲轴
16 轮毂
18 螺纹紧固件
20 铆钉
22 切向板簧
24 毂盘
28 对应压板
30 切向板簧
32 壳体
34 膜片弹簧
36 铆钉
38 初级侧
40 输入齿部
42 爪形元件
44 随动元件
46 输出齿部
48 操纵装置
50 操纵活塞
52 壁部
54 壁部
56 联接元件
57 突起
58 基体
60 压力腔
62 输送部
64 齿部
66 齿部
68 齿部
70 齿部
72 齿部
74 预加载弹簧
76 随动板
78 螺纹紧固件
80 爪形元件
82 操纵活塞

Claims (20)

1.一种具有离合器组件(3)和飞轮块装置(4)的至少一部分的传动系单元，其中，所述离合器组件(3)具有摩擦离合器(8)和爪形离合器(9)，并且所述摩擦离合器(8)的输出侧和所述爪形离合器(9)的输出侧能与飞轮块装置(4)连接，其特征在于，所述飞轮块装置(4)是双质量飞轮，并且所述摩擦离合器(8)具有输入侧的轮毂(16)，所述爪形离合器(9)的输入齿部(40)能与所述轮毂(16)不可相对转动地连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述爪形离合器(9)具有爪形元件(42、80)，所述爪形元件具有至少一个输入侧的和至少一个输出侧的齿部(40、46)。
3.按照权利要求1所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述爪形离合器(9)具有爪形元件(42、80)，所述爪形元件能支承在所述飞轮块装置(4)上。
4.按照权利要求2所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述爪形离合器(9)具有爪形元件(42、80)，所述爪形元件能支承在所述飞轮块装置(4)上。
5.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述爪形离合器(9)是径向爪形离合器。
6.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)和/或所述爪形离合器(9)是常闭离合器。
7.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)是干式离合器。
8.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)具有布置在输入侧的离合器片(12)。
9.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)具有布置在输出侧的压板(10)。
10.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)和所述爪形离合器(9)具有共同的操纵装置。
11.按照权利要求10所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述操纵装置(48)首先沿闭合方向操纵所述摩擦离合器(8)。
12.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)和/或所述爪形离合器(9)具有能借助于压力油进行操纵的操纵装置(48)。
13.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述离合器组件(3)具有带有操纵活塞(50)的操纵装置(48)，所述操纵活塞不仅操纵所述摩擦离合器(8)而且也操纵所述爪形离合器(9)。
14.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，如此设计所述摩擦离合器(9)，从而其能够承受沿牵引方向出现的全部负转矩。
15.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)和所述爪形离合器(9)构成装配单元。
16.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(8)和/或所述爪形离合器(9)具有能借助于压力油进行操纵的操纵装置(48)，并且所述飞轮块装置构造成容纳压力腔(60)的一部分。
17.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述飞轮块装置(4)容纳有壁部(56)，所述壁部同时构成压力腔(60)的一部分以及所述爪形离合器(9)的输出部件。
18.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，引导压力油供给部穿过所述飞轮块装置(4)。
19.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述传动系(1)在所述飞轮块装置的输出侧上具有分离离合器(5)。
20.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系单元，其特征在于，所述传动系(1)在所述飞轮块装置(4)的输出侧上具有电动机(6)。
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