CN110698298A - Rice base fertilizer prepared from agricultural wastes - Google Patents
Rice base fertilizer prepared from agricultural wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110698298A CN110698298A CN201911131756.9A CN201911131756A CN110698298A CN 110698298 A CN110698298 A CN 110698298A CN 201911131756 A CN201911131756 A CN 201911131756A CN 110698298 A CN110698298 A CN 110698298A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice base fertilizer prepared by utilizing agricultural wastes, which is an organic fertilizer prepared by taking the agricultural wastes, biogas residues and chicken manure as main raw materials, wherein the agricultural wastes are crushed, the water content of the agricultural wastes is adjusted, the agricultural wastes are mixed with the biogas residues and the chicken manure, then the mixture is piled up and fermented, solid-liquid separation is carried out, solid-state fermentate is sequentially subjected to sterilization and secondary fermentation, and after the fermentation, the mixture is mixed with soil in a field for application and is continuously fermented, and then urea, calcium carbonate and polyacrylamide are mixed to prepare a biological functional fertilizer I; and the liquid fermentation product is continuously fermented after monosaccharide, fishbone meal and microbial inoculum are added to obtain the biological functional fertilizer II. The invention can prepare two forms of biological functional fertilizers simultaneously, and the two fertilizers are matched to meet the agricultural requirement of continuous development, thereby having better popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rice fertilizer in a fertilizer preparation technology, in particular to a rice base fertilizer prepared by utilizing agricultural wastes.
Background
Although the sowing area of rice is reduced year by year, the total yield of the rice tends to increase year by year with the introduction of new varieties, but the quality of the rice is reduced and the ecological environment of the rice field is damaged with the increase of the yield per unit of the rice. China is scarce in cultivated land resources, cultivated land conservation quantity at the present stage declines year by year, increasing the rice seeding area through increasing the cultivated land area is unrealistic, and under the fertilization habit of traditional fertilizer, the soil is once only applied to when seeding with a large amount of inorganic fertilizer as seed manure to present cultivated land, does not carry out nutrient fortune and plans, simultaneously because traditional inorganic fertilizer composition is single, the composition utilization ratio is not high, the accumulation of dry matter can't be accomplished to high efficiency, still can cause a series of problems such as environmental pollution simultaneously.
The scientific sustainable fertilization method advocated by modern agriculture advocates that organic fertilizers are reasonably and maximally used according to the production requirements of different crops in different periods, so that the nutritional requirements of the crops in the growth process can be balanced, and dry matter accumulation can be more efficiently carried out; on the other hand, the organic fertilizer can be used as much as possible, the consumption of the agricultural and forestry waste can be effectively improved by utilizing the organic fertilizer with reasonable components, the environmental pollution caused by natural decay of part of the agricultural and forestry waste such as plant residues can be prevented, meanwhile, the agricultural and forestry waste can be returned to the soil as an available resource, the content of organic matters in the soil is kept stable, the proportion of nutrients in the soil is balanced, and the adverse factors such as soil hardening and poor tiltability are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the rice base fertilizer prepared by utilizing the agricultural wastes, which can effectively reduce the pollution of inorganic fertilizers to soil, balance nutrients and improve the soil fertility so as to solve the defects in the technical background.
The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a rice base fertilizer prepared from agricultural wastes comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
120 ~ 150 parts of agricultural wastes
20 ~ 50 parts of biogas residues
10 ~ 16 parts by mass of chicken manure
5 ~ 12 parts by mass of urea
Peat 5 ~ 12 parts by mass
Monosaccharide 6 ~ 10 parts by mass
5 ~ 10 parts by mass of calcium carbonate
Fishbone powder 5 ~ 8 parts by mass
5 ~ 8 parts of plant ash
Polyacrylamide 1 ~ 2 mass portion
0.8 part by mass of nicotinic acid 0.8 ~ 1.5
0.05 mass part of microbial agent 0.05 ~ 0.3
Wherein the agricultural waste is high in cellulose content and low in lignin content, such as vegetable picking waste, straws, farmland vegetable field stumps, weeds, fallen leaves, fruit shells, vines and the like serving as raw materials;
the microbial agent is a composite microbial agent consisting of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, saccharomycetes, phosphorus bacteria, azotobacter, high-temperature actinomycetes and rhizopus nigricans, the viable count of single bacteria is not less than 1 hundred million/g, the viable count of saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis is not less than 2 hundred million/g, the viable count of photosynthetic bacteria is not less than 1.8 hundred million/g, and the total viable count is not less than 12 hundred million/g.
A method for preparing a rice base fertilizer by utilizing agricultural wastes comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, firstly crushing the collected agricultural wastes, adjusting the water content of the crushed mixture to ~ 45% of 38%, adding biogas residues and chicken manure for stacking for natural fermentation, and adjusting the temperature of a fermentation tank to be 25 ~ 30 ℃ during fermentation and the fermentation period to be 7 ~ 10 days.
S2, performing solid-liquid separation after fermentation, and performing aseptic fermentation on solid waste, wherein the aseptic fermentation is divided into three stages, namely heating the material to 100 ~ 120 ℃, sterilizing the material at high temperature for 2 ~ 3h to kill most of germs in the material, naturally cooling the material to 55 ~ 60 ℃, adding 2/3 microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation treatment, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 12 ~ 24h, then adding peat, plant ash and nicotinic acid, mixing the peat, the plant ash and the nicotinic acid into soil to be applied in a field according to the mass ratio of the raw materials to the soil =1:2 ~ 1:3, stirring the mixture uniformly, continuing fermentation, mixing the mixture with urea, calcium carbonate and polyacrylamide after fermentation for 7d, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain the biological functional fertilizer I.
And S3, sterilizing the liquid waste separated in the step S2 at high temperature and high pressure, adding monosaccharide, fishbone meal and a microbial agent with a ratio of 1/3, fermenting for 8 ~ 10h, and obtaining a biological functional fertilizer II after fermentation.
S4, when the multifunctional biological fertilizer is used, the multifunctional biological fertilizer I is applied to the surface of a field to be applied and is deeply turned, the multifunctional biological fertilizer II is directly and uniformly sprayed after being mixed with water, and meanwhile, the multifunctional biological fertilizer can also be used as a foliar fertilizer in the growth process of rice, and the foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed after being mixed with water and added with nutrient solution.
As a further limitation, if the biological functional fertilizer I is prepared too much at one time, the biological functional fertilizer I can be dried by hot air to ensure that the water content is below 15 percent, and then the biological functional fertilizer I is added into a granulator for granulation and then is stored for a long time.
Has the advantages that: the rice base fertilizer prepared by utilizing agricultural wastes is prepared by compounding inorganic raw materials and organic raw materials, and taking the organic raw materials of agricultural wastes, biogas residues and chicken manure as main nutrients, so that the preparation cost is low, the agricultural wastes can be effectively utilized, meanwhile, the prepared base fertilizer has good fertilizer source and rich nutrients, is convenient for rice to accumulate dry matters, has a certain improvement effect on soil, can continuously generate beneficial biological effects after being applied into the soil, and can effectively prevent soil hardening.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the rice base fertilizer prepared from agricultural wastes comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
150kg of agricultural wastes, 50kg of biogas residues, 16kg of chicken manure, 11kg of urea, 12kg of peat, 10kg of monosaccharide, 5kg of calcium carbonate, 5kg of fish bone meal, 5kg of plant ash, 2kg of polyacrylamide, 1.5kg of nicotinic acid and 300g of microbial agents, wherein the agricultural wastes are vegetable picking wastes and fruit shells collected from farmer markets, and the microbial agents are composite microbial agents consisting of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, yeasts, phosphorus bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria, high-temperature actinomycetes and rhizopus nigricans, wherein the viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is 2 ~.3/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 2.5 ~/g, the viable count of the bacillus polymyxa is 1.2 ~.5 billion/g, the viable count of the yeasts is 2.5 ~ billion/g, the viable count of the phosphorus bacteria is 1.2 ~.5/g, the viable count of the nitrogen fixing bacteria is 1.2 billion/g, the viable count of the actinomycetes is 1.5 billion/g, and the viable count of the high-temperature rhizopus is 1.38964 g.
The preparation method comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, crushing the collected agricultural wastes, adjusting the water content of the crushed mixture to 40 ~ 42%, adding water while stirring and crushing when the water content is too low, stirring and crushing when the water content is too high, drying by hot air and adjusting the water content to be qualified, adding biogas residues and chicken manure for stacking to perform natural fermentation, adjusting the temperature of a fermentation tank to 28 ℃ during fermentation, setting the fermentation period to 10 days, and performing solid-liquid separation after fermentation.
The solid waste is sterilized and fermented, and the sterilization and fermentation are divided into three stages: firstly, heating the materials to 120 ℃, and sterilizing for 3 hours at high temperature to kill most of germs in the materials; then naturally cooling the materials to 60 ℃, adding a microbial agent with the proportion of 2/3 for secondary fermentation treatment, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 20 hours; then adding peat, plant ash and nicotinic acid, mixing the materials into soil to be applied to a field according to the mass ratio of the raw materials of soil =1:2, continuing to ferment after uniformly stirring, mixing urea, calcium carbonate and polyacrylamide after fermenting for 7 days, and uniformly stirring to obtain the biological functional fertilizer I.
And sterilizing the liquid waste at high temperature and high pressure, adding monosaccharide, fishbone powder and a microbial agent with the proportion of 1/3 for fermentation treatment for 10 hours, and obtaining a biological functional fertilizer II after the fermentation is finished.
Example two:
135kg of agricultural wastes, 40kg of biogas residues, 12kg of chicken manure, 10kg of urea, 10kg of peat, 8kg of monosaccharide, 8kg of calcium carbonate, 6kg of fish bone meal, 6kg of plant ash, 1.5kg of polyacrylamide, 1kg of nicotinic acid and 200g of microbial agents, wherein the agricultural wastes are straws, weeds, fallen leaves and fruit shells collected from rural areas, and the microbial agents are composite microbial agents consisting of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, yeast, phosphorus bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria, high-temperature actinomycetes and rhizopus nigricans, wherein the viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is 2.5 ~.0/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 3 ~ 4/g, the viable count of the bacillus polymyxa is 1.5 ~.0 billion/g, the viable count of the yeast is 3 ~ billion/g, the viable count of the phosphorus bacteria is 2.0 ~.0/g, the viable count of the nitrogen fixing bacteria is 1.5 billion 2.0 g, the viable count of the actinomycetes is 1.5 billion/g, and the viable count of the high-temperature rhizopus is 2.387 is 2.0 g.
The preparation method comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, crushing the collected agricultural wastes, adjusting the water content of the crushed mixture to 40 ~ 42%, adding water while stirring and crushing when the water content is too low, stirring and crushing when the water content is too high, drying by hot air and adjusting the water content to be qualified, adding biogas residues and chicken manure for stacking to perform natural fermentation, adjusting the temperature of a fermentation tank to 28 ℃ during fermentation, adjusting the fermentation period to 8 days, and performing solid-liquid separation after fermentation.
The solid waste is sterilized and fermented, and the sterilization and fermentation are divided into three stages: firstly, heating the materials to 110 ℃, and sterilizing for 2.5 hours at high temperature to kill most of germs in the materials; then naturally cooling the materials to 56 ℃, adding a microbial agent with the proportion of 2/3 for secondary fermentation treatment, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 18 h; then adding peat, plant ash and nicotinic acid, mixing the materials into soil to be applied in a field according to the mass ratio of the raw materials of soil =1:2.5, continuing to ferment after uniformly stirring, mixing urea, calcium carbonate and polyacrylamide after fermenting for 7 days, and uniformly stirring to obtain the biological functional fertilizer I.
And sterilizing the liquid waste at high temperature and high pressure, adding monosaccharide, fishbone powder and a microbial agent with a proportion of 1/3 for fermentation for 9 hours, and obtaining a biological functional fertilizer II after the fermentation is finished.
When the fertilizer is used in the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the invention, the biofunctional fertilizer I is applied to the surface of a field to be applied, the application amount is 600 ~ 800kg per mu, the field is placed for two days after application, and then deep ploughing is carried out, while the biofunctional fertilizer II is directly and uniformly sprayed after being mixed with water, and can also be used as a foliar fertilizer in the rice growth process, and the foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed after being mixed with water and added with nutrient solution.
In the embodiment, if the biological functional fertilizer I is prepared too much at one time, the biological functional fertilizer I can be dried by hot air to ensure that the water content is below 15 percent, and then the biological functional fertilizer I is added into a granulator for granulation and then is stored for a long time
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A rice base fertilizer prepared from agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
120 ~ 150 parts of agricultural wastes
20 ~ 50 parts of biogas residues
10 ~ 16 parts by mass of chicken manure
5 ~ 12 parts by mass of urea
Peat 5 ~ 12 parts by mass
Monosaccharide 6 ~ 10 parts by mass
5 ~ 10 parts by mass of calcium carbonate
Fishbone powder 5 ~ 8 parts by mass
5 ~ 8 parts of plant ash
Polyacrylamide 1 ~ 2 mass portion
0.8 part by mass of nicotinic acid 0.8 ~ 1.5
0.05 mass part of microbial agent 0.05 ~ 0.3
Wherein the agricultural waste is high in cellulose content and low in lignin content; the microbial agent is a composite microbial agent consisting of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, saccharomycetes, phosphorus bacteria, azotobacter, high-temperature actinomycetes and rhizopus nigricans, the viable count of single bacteria is not less than 1 hundred million/g, the viable count of saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis is not less than 2 hundred million/g, the viable count of photosynthetic bacteria is not less than 1.8 hundred million/g, and the total viable count is not less than 12 hundred million/g.
2. The rice base fertilizer prepared by using agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural wastes are one or a combination of vegetable picking wastes, straws, farmland vegetable field stumps, weeds, fallen leaves, fruit hulls and vines.
3. A method for preparing a rice base fertilizer by using agricultural wastes, which utilizes the raw materials in the mass portion as claimed in claim 1 to prepare the rice base fertilizer, and comprises the following specific preparation steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, firstly crushing the collected agricultural wastes, adjusting the water content of the crushed mixture to ~ 45% of 38%, adding biogas residues and chicken manure for stacking for natural fermentation, and adjusting the temperature of a fermentation tank to be 25 ~ 30 ℃ during fermentation and the fermentation period to be 7 ~ 10 d;
s2, performing solid-liquid separation after fermentation, and performing aseptic fermentation on solid waste, wherein the aseptic fermentation is divided into three stages, namely heating the material to 100 ~ 120 ℃, sterilizing the material at high temperature for 2 ~ 3h to kill most of germs in the material, naturally cooling the material to 55 ~ 60 ℃, adding 2/3 microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation treatment, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 12 ~ 24h, then adding peat, plant ash and nicotinic acid, mixing the peat, the plant ash and the nicotinic acid into the field to be applied according to the mass ratio of the raw materials to soil =1:2 ~ 1:3, stirring the mixture uniformly, continuing fermentation, mixing the mixture with urea, calcium carbonate and polyacrylamide after fermentation for 7d, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain a biological functional fertilizer I;
s3, sterilizing the liquid waste separated in the step S2 at high temperature and high pressure, adding monosaccharide, fishbone meal and a microbial agent with a ratio of 1/3, fermenting for 8 ~ 10h, and obtaining a biological functional fertilizer II after fermentation;
s4, when the multifunctional biological fertilizer is used, the multifunctional biological fertilizer I is applied to the surface of a field to be applied and is deeply turned, the multifunctional biological fertilizer II is directly and uniformly sprayed after being mixed with water, and meanwhile, the multifunctional biological fertilizer can also be used as a foliar fertilizer in the growth process of rice, and the foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed after being mixed with water and added with nutrient solution.
4. The method for producing a rice base fertilizer using agricultural wastes according to claim 3, wherein the adjustment of the water content in step S1 is performed by adding water and crushing while stirring if the water content is too low, or by drying with hot air after stirring and crushing if the water content is too high.
5. The method for preparing a rice base fertilizer using agricultural wastes as claimed in claim 3, wherein the biofunctional fertilizer I is excessively prepared at one time, dried by hot air to have a water content of below 15%, and then added into a granulator to be granulated and then stored for a long period of time.
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| CN201911131756.9A CN110698298A (en) | 2019-11-19 | 2019-11-19 | Rice base fertilizer prepared from agricultural wastes |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112322532A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-05 | 咸阳润源生物科技有限公司 | Composite microbial inoculum for treating waste vegetable leaves and application thereof |
| CN112939637A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-11 | 王纪文 | Preparation method of probiotics fermented carbon-energy organic fertilizer based on cotton waste residue mixing |
| CN114885767A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-08-12 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Method for efficiently cultivating suaeda salsa in green in severe saline-alkali soil in southern Xinjiang |
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| CN104529593A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 常熟市辛庄镇双浜农地股份合作社 | Method for producing biological organic fertilizer by utilizing biogas residues |
| CN106083264A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 滨州泰裕麦业有限公司 | A kind of recycling wheat stalk prepares the new technology of biological organic fertilizer |
| CN107522556A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-29 | 柳州农投生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of agricultural solid waste biofermentation method |
| CN107721651A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-02-23 | 广西梧州市金广丰化肥有限公司 | A kind of rice special organic composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-11-19 CN CN201911131756.9A patent/CN110698298A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104529593A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 常熟市辛庄镇双浜农地股份合作社 | Method for producing biological organic fertilizer by utilizing biogas residues |
| CN106083264A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 滨州泰裕麦业有限公司 | A kind of recycling wheat stalk prepares the new technology of biological organic fertilizer |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112322532A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-05 | 咸阳润源生物科技有限公司 | Composite microbial inoculum for treating waste vegetable leaves and application thereof |
| CN112939637A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-11 | 王纪文 | Preparation method of probiotics fermented carbon-energy organic fertilizer based on cotton waste residue mixing |
| CN114885767A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-08-12 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Method for efficiently cultivating suaeda salsa in green in severe saline-alkali soil in southern Xinjiang |
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Application publication date: 20200117 |