CN110695472A

CN110695472A - Cathode of movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing tool and method

Info

Publication number: CN110695472A
Application number: CN201911006744.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李冬林; 伍毅; 杨树宝
Original assignee: Anhui University of Technology AHUT
Current assignee: Anhui University of Technology AHUT
Priority date: 2019-10-22
Filing date: 2019-10-22
Publication date: 2020-01-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a movable template electrolytic grinding composite machining tool cathode in the technical field of electrolytic grinding composite machining, which comprises an insulating layer, a conducting layer, a movable template, a metal deposition layer, diamond abrasive particles, group holes, a workpiece and a power supply, wherein the movable template comprises the insulating layer and the conducting layer, the metal deposition layer is electroplated on the surface of the conducting layer, the diamond abrasive particles are arranged on the metal deposition layer, the group holes are formed in the movable template in a penetrating manner at equal intervals, the workpiece is arranged at the bottom of the movable template, and the power supply is electrically connected between the conducting layer and the workpiece; the invention makes the cathode of the tool sweep the surface of the workpiece regularly and uniformly by the relative uniform reciprocating or rotating motion between the workpiece and the cathode of the tool, electrolytic products generated in the processing process can be easily discharged under the actions of scouring of electrolyte and scraping of diamond abrasive particles, new metal surfaces are exposed, the electrolytic action is continuously generated, the workpiece materials are continuously corroded, the processing efficiency is improved, the cost is low, and the operation is simple.

Description

Cathode of movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing tool and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic grinding composite machining, in particular to a cathode of a movable template electrolytic grinding composite machining tool and a method.

Background

Cemented carbide, high temperature alloy, and the like are used as important parts in many fields such as aerospace, ships, and the like, and manufacturing techniques such as forging, casting, and the like are generally used, and defects such as molding marks left on the surface, large surface roughness, poor uniformity, and the like, and the influence on the entire equipment is large, so that they are indispensable for their processing, but surface processing and high-efficiency processing of these alloys are currently a problem.

For the finishing processing of large-area metal plates, because of the limitation of the processing method, the traditional polishing processing method usually adopts a surface grinding machine to carry out grinding and polishing, and the process comprises coarse grinding, semi-fine grinding and fine grinding until the surface appears a mirror surface. In the case of alloyed sheet materials, the application of this method is difficult during the processing, and the desired surface roughness is often not achieved from rough grinding to finish grinding. For the processing of the surface of a cylindrical curved surface, abrasive belt grinding treatment is generally needed, but the abrasive belt is consumed too fast in the processing process and is frequently replaced; and the binder is not conductive. Chinese patent No. 201810657176.2 proposes a grinding apparatus and a grinding method for a hard and brittle free-form curved surface by employing an ELID technique in which a grinding wheel is electrolyzed to dress the surface of the grinding wheel, and then the grinding wheel grinds a workpiece, so that electrolysis acts on the grinding wheel rather than on the workpiece. The Chinese patent No. 201810421830.X provides an internal channel ultrasonic vibration assisted internal spraying type electrolytic grinding system and method, wherein an electrolyte generates a cavitation effect under the action of ultrasonic vibration, a conductive grinding head is strengthened to remove a passivation film on the surface of a workpiece, passivated abrasive particles fall off in time, an electric spark discharge phenomenon generated in an interelectrode gap is avoided, and high-efficiency precision machining of a deep hole, a cavity and an internal channel is realized. The cathode adopted by the patent is a conductive grinding head, and is not suitable for processing large plane grinding or cylindrical surface grinding. The patent of Chinese patent No. 201810420177.5 proposes a rotary ultrasonic-assisted micro-electrochemical grinding and reaming device and method, and the device and method have the effects of improving the processing precision and the surface processing quality of small holes while ensuring the processing efficiency by adding axial ultrasonic vibration to an electrochemical machining main shaft while rotating at a high speed and combining with ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical grinding and composite reaming for pre-holes of workpieces by using a high-frequency pulse power supply. The electrodes used in this patent are electrolytic milled helical electrodes and electrolytic ground diamond ground ball head electrodes, still machining of the hole-like structure. The patent of Chinese patent 201810047135.1 proposes a tool cathode and a method for improving the flatness of the machined bottom surface of electrolytic milling, wherein a rod-shaped grinding head is adopted as the tool cathode, a contour generating line is formed by the rotation motion of a grinding head electrode and the feeding motion of a workpiece in a manner similar to numerical control milling, and the shaping and machining of structures such as a molded surface, a cavity, a thin wall, a boss and the like are realized by a method of performing shaping and machining by a tangent method. The bottom surface of the tool electrode used in the method is subjected to insulation treatment to form a bottom surface insulation layer; the lower end of the side wall of the tool cathode is divided into an upper area and a lower area; diamond abrasive grains are embedded in the upper area of the lower end of the side wall in an electroplating mode to form a conductive abrasive grain layer; diamond abrasive grains are embedded in the lower area of the lower end of the side wall through a resin binder to form an insulating abrasive grain layer; the center of the cathode of the tool is provided with a blind hole, and the side wall of the tool is provided with a plurality of liquid spraying holes communicated with the blind hole. The design and manufacture are complicated, and the structure is complex. In addition, the movement of the tool cathode and the workpiece is complicated during machining. Chinese patent 201710409275.4 proposes an inverted electropolishing apparatus and an electropolishing apparatus thereof, which improves the electropolishing effect by inverting a workpiece and injecting an electrolyte upwardly into the electrolyte through a hollow electrolytic rod, and improves the degree of automation and production efficiency of electropolishing. The method is ingenious in design, but the processing object is a hollow inner wall surface. The method is not suitable for processing the outer surface of a large-area flat metal or a cylindrical surface. Based on the above, the invention designs a movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing tool cathode and a method thereof, so as to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cathode of a movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing tool and a method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the cathode of the composite machining tool for the electrolytic grinding of the movable template comprises an insulating layer, a conducting layer, the movable template, a metal deposition layer, diamond abrasive particles, group holes, a workpiece and a power supply, wherein the movable template comprises the insulating layer and the conducting layer, the metal deposition layer is electroplated on the surface of the conducting layer, the diamond abrasive particles are arranged on the metal deposition layer, the group holes are formed in the movable template in a penetrating mode at equal intervals, the workpiece is arranged at the bottom of the movable template, and the power supply is electrically connected between the conducting layer and the workpiece.

Preferably, the metal deposition layer has a thickness greater than 0.03 mm.

Preferably, the diamond abrasive particles are 400-1200 meshes.

Preferably, the length of the side of the diamond abrasive particle uncovered region d is longer than that of the covered region c.

Preferably, the group of holes are provided with electrolyte.

The electrolytic grinding composite processing method of the movable template comprises the following specific steps:

step1, placing the tool cathode clamped on the clamp on the workpiece, attaching the tool cathode to the workpiece, and keeping a certain grinding pressure;

step2, electrically connecting the workpiece with the positive electrode of a power supply, and electrically connecting the conducting layer of the movable template with the negative electrode of the power supply;

step3, injecting electrolyte to the surface of the cathode of the tool during operation, and enabling the electrolyte to downwards pass through the through group holes to reach the surface of the workpiece;

step4, the cathode of the tool rotates or reciprocates along with the clamping fixture;

at Step5, the electric power is turned on to perform the electrolytic grinding process.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the machining process is stable, and the service life of the tool cathode is longer. Electrolyte is directly supplied to the machining gap through the through hole on the tool cathode, liquid supply is full and timely, products are not easy to accumulate, and the phenomenon of short circuit burn caused by unsmooth liquid supply or untimely product discharge is reduced.

(2) And the cathode tool is flexible and is suitable for processing a cylindrical outer surface with a certain curvature radius. The conductive layer of the movable template is generally a flexible conductive metal sheet (such as copper foil), the insulating layer is made of flexible insulating material, and after the metal is deposited and diamond abrasive particles are embedded on the surface of the metal layer of the movable template, the formed tool cathode still has certain flexibility. Therefore, the adaptability to the processing object is good.

In conclusion, the outer surface of the flat metal workpiece or the cylindrical workpiece processed by the method has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency and simple operation.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cathode of a tool for electrolytic grinding combined machining of a movable template for machining flat metal according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the composite process of electrolytic grinding of the movable template for processing flat metal according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a movable platen electro-abrasive composite machining tool of the present invention prior to bending of an electrode for machining a cylindrical outer surface.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the composite electrolytic grinding process for a movable platen for machining a cylindrical outer surface according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the composite electrolytic grinding process of the invention with a moveable platen for machining a cylindrical outer surface.

In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

1. an insulating layer; 2. a conductive layer; 3. a movable template; 4. a metal deposition layer; 5. artificial diamond abrasive grains; 6. group holes; 7. a workpiece; 8. a power source; a. and (3) an electrolyte.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: moving die plate electrolytic grinding combined machining instrument negative pole, including insulating layer 1, conducting layer 2, moving die plate 3, metal deposition layer 4, diamond grit 5, crowd's hole 6, work piece 7 and power 8, moving die plate 3 includes insulating layer 1 and conducting layer 2, the surface of conducting layer 2 is electroplated with metal deposition layer 4, be equipped with diamond grit 5 on the metal deposition layer 4, equidistant running through has seted up crowd's hole 6 on the moving die plate 3, moving die plate 3's bottom is equipped with work piece 7, electric connection has power 8 between conducting layer 2 and the work piece 7, the anchor clamps of mounting tool negative pole are connected with rotatable or reciprocating motion's lathe main shaft, realize the finishing to the work piece surface through the motion of tool negative pole. Wherein the thickness of the metal deposition layer 4 is more than 0.03 mm.

The diamond abrasive grain 5 is 400-1200 meshes.

The length of the side of the non-covered region d of the diamond abrasive grains 5 is longer than that of the covered region c.

Electrolyte a is arranged in the group holes 6, and under the action of a liquid supply system, the electrolyte a is downwards injected into the machining gap through the group holes on the cathode of the tool, so that electrochemical reaction is realized, and electrolytic products are washed away.

step1, placing the tool cathode clamped on the clamp on the workpiece 7, attaching the tool cathode to the workpiece 7, and keeping a certain grinding pressure;

step2, electrically connecting the workpiece 7 with the positive electrode of the power supply 8, and electrically connecting the conducting layer 2 of the movable template 3 with the negative electrode of the power supply 8;

step3, injecting electrolyte a to the cathode surface of the tool during operation, and leading the electrolyte a to downwards pass through the through group holes 6 and reach the surface of the workpiece 7;

at Step5, the electric power source 8 is turned on to perform electrolytic grinding.

One specific application of this embodiment is:

referring to fig. 1, an insulating layer 1 and a conductive layer 2 form a movable template 3, a diamond abrasive layer 4 is plated on the conductive layer 2, and a micro-group hole structure 6 is drilled by using a numerical control drilling machining technology to manufacture a tool cathode.

Referring to fig. 2, the tool cathode manufactured as described above is mounted on the spindle of the machine tool by a jig, and diamond abrasive grains 5 on the tool cathode are attached to the surface of a workpiece 7 with a certain grinding pressure. The workpiece 7 is connected with the anode of the power supply 8, and the conducting layer 2 of the movable template 3 is connected with the cathode of the power supply 8. During machining, the working pressure and temperature of the electrolyte a are set, the electrolyte a is injected into the cathode surface of the tool, and the electrolyte a is enabled to downwards pass through the through group holes 6 to reach the surface of the workpiece 7. The working voltage is set, the power supply 8 is switched on, the tool cathode rotates along with the main shaft of the machine tool b, the surface of the workpiece 7 is polished under the combined action of electrochemical anodic corrosion and mechanical grinding, and the electrolysis product is washed away by the flowing electrolyte a and scraped by the diamond abrasive particles 5, so that the phenomenon that the insoluble processing product is gathered in a processing area is effectively improved, and the processing stability and the processing efficiency are improved.

Referring to fig. 3, for processing the outer surface of the cylindrical workpiece 7, the cathode of the tool needs to wrap a part of the outer surface of the cylinder and needs to be mounted on the fixture, so that the length of the side of the non-covered area d of the diamond particles 5 on the cathode of the tool is longer than that of the covered area c.

Referring to fig. 4-5, diamond abrasive particles 5 on the cathode of the tool are applied to the outer surface of the cylindrical workpiece 7 with a certain grinding pressure. The workpiece 7 is connected with the anode of the power supply 8, and the conducting layer 2 of the movable template 3 is connected with the cathode of the power supply 8. During machining, the working pressure and temperature of the electrolyte a are set, and the electrolyte a is injected into the surface of the cathode of the tool so as to reach the surface of the workpiece 7 through the through group holes 6. Working voltage is set, a power supply 8 is switched on, the tool cathode reciprocates along the cylindrical axial direction e along with the main shaft of the machine tool, the surface of the workpiece 7 is machined under the combined action of electrochemical anodic corrosion and mechanical grinding, meanwhile, an electrolysis product is washed away by flowing electrolyte a and scraped by the diamond abrasive particles 5, and the finishing degree and the machining efficiency of the machined surface are improved.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. Moving die plate electrolytic grinding combined machining instrument negative pole includes insulating layer (1), conducting layer (2), moving die plate (3), metal deposition layer (4), diamond grit (5), crowd's hole (6), work piece (7) and power (8), its characterized in that: the movable template (3) comprises an insulating layer (1) and a conducting layer (2), a metal deposition layer (4) is electroplated on the surface of the conducting layer (2), diamond abrasive particles (5) are arranged on the metal deposition layer (4), group holes (6) are formed in the movable template (3) in an equidistant penetrating mode, a workpiece (7) is arranged at the bottom of the movable template (3), and a power supply (8) is electrically connected between the conducting layer (2) and the workpiece (7).

2. The moving platen electrolytic grinding composite working tool cathode according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the metal deposition layer (4) is more than 0.03 mm.

3. The moving platen electrolytic grinding composite working tool cathode according to claim 2, characterized in that: the diamond abrasive particles (5) are 400-1200 meshes.

4. The moving platen electrolytic grinding composite working tool cathode according to claim 2, characterized in that: the length of the side of the non-covered area d of the diamond abrasive grains (5) is longer than that of the covered area c.

5. The moving platen electrolytic grinding composite working tool cathode according to claim 4, wherein: electrolyte (a) is arranged in the group holes (6).

6. The composite processing method for electrolytic grinding of the movable template according to claim 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step1, placing the tool cathode clamped on the clamp on the workpiece (7), attaching the tool cathode to the workpiece (7), and keeping a certain grinding pressure;

step2, electrically connecting the workpiece (7) with the positive electrode of a power supply (8), and electrically connecting the conducting layer (2) of the movable template (3) with the negative electrode of the power supply (8);

step3, injecting electrolyte (a) to the surface of the cathode of the tool during operation, and enabling the electrolyte (a) to downwards pass through the through group holes (6) to reach the surface of the workpiece (7);

at Step5, the electric power supply (8) is turned on to perform electrolytic grinding.