CN108406018A - Take into account the electrolysis milling machining tool cathode and electrolysis milling method of efficiency and precision - Google Patents
Take into account the electrolysis milling machining tool cathode and electrolysis milling method of efficiency and precision Download PDFInfo
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- CN108406018A CN108406018A CN201810047047.1A CN201810047047A CN108406018A CN 108406018 A CN108406018 A CN 108406018A CN 201810047047 A CN201810047047 A CN 201810047047A CN 108406018 A CN108406018 A CN 108406018A
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- electrolysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/10—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/06—Electrochemical machining combined with mechanical working, e.g. grinding or honing
- B23H5/08—Electrolytic grinding
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision and electrolysis milling methods, belong to electrolysis milling Compound Machining field.The present invention in tool cathode side wall lower ends by opening up several equidistant arc grooves, and recess sidewall is insulated, diamond abrasive grain is embedded in by resinoid bond on the non-recessed wall surface of side wall, to make workpiece surface only opposite with groove, there are Anodic dissolvings, depth of groove becomes the part in processing gap at this time, this not only adds contact depth of the diamond abrasive grain with workpiece machining surface on the non-recessed wall surface of side wall, enhance ablation of the diamond abrasive grain to workpiece in electrolysis milling process, be conducive to improve the precision and surface quality of electrolysis milling processing, and compared to the electrolysis milling finishing under previous low current density, higher current density can be used in inventive article, be conducive to the raising of processing efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision and electrolysis milling methods, belong to
It is electrolysed milling Compound Machining field.
Background technology
With the development of science and technology, the part prepared by hard-cutting materials such as titanium alloy, high temperature alloys is in aviation, boat
It, the fields such as oil, chemical industry are more and more applied.For example, artificial earth satellite, manned spaceship, space shuttle etc. are all
Start gradually to use titanium alloy plate weldment, in the deep mining of oil and natural gas, it is necessary to close using corrosion-proof wear high temperature
Gold.However, due to the features such as hardness is high, thermal coefficient is low possessed by these materials itself, when using traditional mechanical processing,
It is usually associated with the problems such as cutting force is big, cutting zone temperature is high, tool wear is serious, especially processes thin wall component, very
The shortcomings of being susceptible to machining deformation.These problems increase the processing cost and manufacture difficulty of part, increasingly can not
Meet high efficiency, the modern manufacturing process requirements of low cost.
Electrolyzed Processing is the principle removal metal material using Anodic dissolving, and is obtained with certain size precision
With the process of surface roughness part.When Electrolyzed Processing, workpiece connects positive pole, and tool connects power cathode, workpiece and work
There is swiftly flowing electrolyte in the processing gap of tool, galvanic circle is consequently formed, with the feeding of tool cathode, workpiece material
It constantly dissolves, gradually molds certain size and the workpiece of shape.Different from traditional mechanical processing, Electrolyzed Processing is one
Kind of noncontact procession, the removal of material is to remove in the form of an ion, and therefore, Electrolyzed Processing is not by the strength of materials, hardness and tough
Property etc. performances limitation, in processing be not present machine cut power, tool is lossless.And when processing hard-cutting material, electrolysis adds
The efficiency of work is 5 ~ 10 times of common mechanical machining, high in machining efficiency, is suitable for the metal material of difficult processing cutting.So
And due to contactless processing so that there are certain error of repelication, drops between the workpiece and tool shape after Electrolyzed Processing
The low precision of Electrolyzed Processing, and electrolysis can generate dispersion corrosion to machined surface, reduce the surface quality of machined surface,
These problems all limit the further development of electrochemical Machining Technology.
In order to improve this problem, electrolysis milling processing technology is suggested, that is, uses the bistrique of simple shape as tool
Cathode is processed motion control in a manner of similar to vertical numerical control milling, utilizes Anodic dissolving and mechanical grinding
Compound Machining mechanism realize workpiece material removal.It is to pass through electrolysis to be electrolysed most metal material when milling processing
Removal, ablation improves machining accuracy, while by abrading work for flattening rough machined surface after electrolysis
The dispersion corrosion of part finished surface improves machined surface and shows quality.Moreover, electrolysis milling also has digital control processing flexible high
Advantage, optimized by the machining locus of tool cathode, realization transforms into formula electrolysis milling processing, reduces the knots such as type face, thin-walled
The difficulty of processing of structure, and its simple shape design also reduces manufacturing cost and the preparatory period of tool.
It is past in order to improve machining accuracy and surface quality after grinding when conventional electrolysis milling tool cathode finishes
Toward using the smaller abrasive grain of size, at this time to ensure that tool cathode abrasive grain comes into full contact with workpiece, lower processing electric current is needed
Density is to reduce the processing gap of tool cathode and workpiece.However, in order to improve electrolysis milling processing efficiency, often use compared with
Big machining voltage is processed current density in gap and is increased at this time, and material removes speed and improves, although the feeding speed of tool cathode
Degree also increased, but the processing gap of tool cathode and workpiece is in increase tendency, and contact depth of the abrasive grain with workpiece is gradual
Reduce, is unfavorable for the raising of machining accuracy.Therefore, the high efficiency and high-precision for how taking into account electrolysis milling processing, to it into one
The popularization and development of step are of great significance.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to propose a kind of electrolysis milling machining tool cathode that taking into account efficiency and precision and electrolysis milling
Mill method realizes the finishing under high current density by the improvement to tool cathode structure, to ensure that electrolysis milling
Processing has both high efficiency and high-precision.
A kind of electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that：Including cathode base, arc
Groove and insulation abrasive grain layer；The cathode base side wall lower ends are provided with the arc groove of several equidistantly distributeds, side wall lower ends phase
Matrix wall surface between adjacent groove forms insulation abrasive grain layer by resinoid bond mosaic diamond abrasive grain；The cathode base
Center opens up blind hole, and the spray hole being connected to blind hole is opened up on arc groove.
The application method of the described electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that including with
Lower process：Tool cathode is mounted in lathe shaft, while connecing power cathode, and workpiece connects positive pole；Electrolysis milling is carried out to add
Working hour, electrolyte are entered by the blind hole of cathode base, are ejected on workpiece by the spray hole on arc groove, with arc groove phase
To workpiece surface by electrolysis, the workpiece surface contacted with insulation abrasive grain layer is by ablation, in the alternating action of the two
Under, workpiece material is removed；By arc cathode base outside wall surface and work are reduced as a processing gap part in depth of groove
The distance of part finished surface makes the ablation of diamond abrasive grain enhance, can improve machining accuracy, reduces the surface of machined surface
Roughness.
The cathode base side wall lower ends are provided with the arc groove of several equidistantly distributeds, and the non-recessed wall surface of side wall passes through tree
Fat binder mosaic diamond abrasive grain forms insulation abrasive grain layer, after the insulation of non-recessed wall surface, workpiece table only opposite with groove
There are electrolysis in face, and a part of the depth of groove as processing gap, reduces workpiece surface and tool cathode outer wall at this time
The distance in face increases cutting depth of the abrasive grain to workpiece, improves ablation；The cathode base center opens up blind hole,
The spray hole being connected to blind hole is opened up on arc groove, spray hole is opened on arc groove, electrolyte can be made fully to rush
Electrolyzed Processing region is washed, is conducive to take away electrolysate in time.
The electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that the side of above-mentioned arc groove
Wall is the insulating surfaces by insulation processing.Recess sidewall insulate, and only lower arcuate surface is conductive, is conducive to improve the work opposite with groove
The uniformity and stability of part surface current density distribution.
The electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that each arc groove setting
One row spray hole, the row spray hole are arranged at arc groove radian direction centre position.Spray hole is located at groove middle area
Domain advantageously ensures that recess region electrolyte inside is evenly distributed, and flow field is stablized.
The electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that：Above-mentioned whole arc is recessed
Slot dimensional structure is just the same.Groove size is identical so that work pieces process surface current density is in periodically when electrolysis milling processing
Variation, period of change T1=60/n ω, each Inner electrolysis period, T action time2The π ω of=60 α/2,（N is arc in cathode side walls
Groove（4）Number, ω be tool cathode rotating speed, unit be rev/min, α be the corresponding central angle radian of an arc groove）.By
In workpiece surface only opposite with tool cathode groove, there are electrolysis, therefore when its rotation, the electric current in work pieces process face is close
Cyclically-varying will be also presented in degree, and when being turned around cathode base rotation, the change of n times period occurs for workpiece surface current density
Change, thus can calculate period of change, electrolysis time.
The electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that work when electrode milling is processed
Have cathode cutting-in and is equal to arc groove length（Groove length refers to groove along tool cathode axial length）.When processing, electrolyte
It is flowed out by spray hole, flows through groove and flow between workpiece and tool cathode again, if cutting-in is less than arc groove depth, electricity at this time
It solves liquid to be easy to flow out from groove upper end, causes processing gap electrolyte inside to reduce, can not wash away in time and take away processing product, it is unfavorable
It is carried out in stablizing for electrolysis milling processing.And the purpose that cathode base opens up groove is one that allows groove to become processing gap
Point, to diamond abrasive grain and the workpiece surface distance of furthering, therefore, cutting-in can not be more than groove length.
The present invention has the following advantages：
When 1, carrying out electrolysis milling processing using conventional tool cathode（Such as Fig. 1）, with the increase of machining voltage, processing gap increases
Greatly, abrasive grain reduces with workpiece machining surface contact depth, and ablation weakens, and reduces machining accuracy and surface quality.And it adopts
When with tool cathode of the invention（Such as Fig. 2）, electrolysis has been limited in the workpiece surface opposite with tool receptacle, recessed at this time
The depth of slot is to process the part in gap, reduces tool cathode outside wall surface the distance between to work pieces process face, increases
To the penetraction depth of workpiece, ablation also increases abrasive grain therewith, therefore, constant in abrasive grain, increases machining voltage, mill
Grain can also come into full contact with workpiece, realize efficient and high-precision electrolysis milling and process.
2, when the milling of conventional tool catholyte is processed, the increase of electrolysis can cause ablation to weaken, and be ground
The enhancing of effect needs small processing gap again, and current density is low at this time, and electrolysis is weak, cannot achieve electrolysis and grinding
It acts on and respective freely adjusting.And when the tool cathode electrolysis milling processing of the present invention, abrasive grain to the ablation of workpiece no longer
Depend only on the size of machining voltage, can also be adjusted by adjusting arc groove form parameter, realize electrolysis with
Ablation it is separately adjustable, to have better process flexibility, can adapt to more processing requests.
3, when conventional tool cathode electrolysis milling processing, if feed speed is excessive, lead to tool cathode and workpiece sun
The processing gap of pole is too small, it is easy to sparking even short circuit occur, increase the unstability of experiment.The tool cathode of the present invention
It processes gap perseverance more than depth of groove when being electrolysed milling processing, and recess sidewall insulate, and avoids the possibility of electric spark generation,
It ensure that the stability of experiment.
4, when conventional electrolysis milling is processed, in the side processing gap of tool cathode and workpiece, the region far from spray hole
Electrolyte flow rate is smaller（Such as Fig. 7）, it is susceptible to the phenomenon of feed flow deficiency, causes to be electrolysed milling processing failure.And the present invention carries
Although the tool cathode of confession cannot change the distribution in flow field, spray hole is arranged on groove so that there are electrolysis
Workpiece surface always be in high flow rate electrolyte region（Such as Fig. 8）, processing product and heat can be pulled away in time, improve
Electrolyzed Processing efficiency.
5, tool cathode using the present invention, cyclically-varying is presented in workpiece surface current density when rotation is processed, when
When workpiece surface is opposite with arc groove, a large amount of indissoluble products are generated under electrolysis, when workpiece surface and insulation abrasive grain layer connect
When touching, new electrolysate is no longer generated, is processed compared to conventional electrolysis milling, the product of electrolysis there are more times to arrange
Go out, to enhance the ability that product is discharged in gap, this is similar with Pulse ECM Process, is conducive to improve processing essence
Degree.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional tool cathode machining profile schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is tool cathode machining profile schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is that tool cathode provided by the invention is electrolysed milling machining sketch chart；
Fig. 4 is current density distributing figure when conventional tool catholyte milling is processed；
Fig. 5 is current density distributing figure when tool cathode provided by the invention is electrolysed milling processing；
Fig. 6 is that workpiece machining surface midpoint current density changes over time curve；
Fig. 7 is that electrolyte flow rate distribution map is processed in conventional tool catholyte milling；
Fig. 8 is that tool cathode provided by the invention is electrolysed milling processing electrolyte flow rate distribution map；
Wherein label is entitled：1, cathode base；2, blind hole；3, spray hole；4, arc groove；5, diamond abrasive grain；6, it insulate
Abrasive grain layer；7, workpiece；8, power supply；9, workpiece direction of feed；10, tool cathode direction of rotation；11, work pieces process contour line.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further explained：
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that including cathode base
1, arc groove 4 and insulation abrasive grain layer 6；1 side wall lower ends of the cathode base are provided with the arc groove 4 of several equidistantly distributeds,
The non-recessed wall surface of side wall forms insulation abrasive grain layer 6 by resinoid bond mosaic diamond abrasive grain 5；1 center of the cathode base
Blind hole 2 is opened up, the spray hole 3 being connected to blind hole 2 is opened up on arc groove 4.
As shown in figure 3, the application method of the electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, feature
It is to include following procedure：Tool cathode 1 is mounted in lathe shaft, while connecing power cathode, and workpiece 7 connects positive pole；Into
When row electrolysis milling processing, electrolyte is entered by the blind hole 2 of cathode base 1, and work is ejected by the spray hole 3 on arc groove 4
On part 7, by electrolysis, the workpiece surface contacted with insulation abrasive grain layer 6 is ground on 7 surface of workpiece opposite with arc groove 4
Effect, under the alternating action of the two, 7 material of workpiece is removed；It is a part of as processing gap in 4 depth of groove by arc,
1 outside wall surface of cathode base is reduced at a distance from 7 finished surface of workpiece, so that the ablation of diamond abrasive grain 5 is enhanced, Neng Gouti
High manufacturing accuracy reduces the surface roughness of machined surface.
As shown in Fig. 4 ~ 6, Electric Field Simulation has been carried out to conventional tool cathode and inventive article catholyte milling processing,
Identical simulation parameter is：Anode workpiece voltage 30V, electrolytic conductivity 15S/m, tool cathode base diameter 10mm, side
Gap 0.4mm is processed, 1000 revs/min of rotating speed, tool cathode arc groove depth 0.2mm of the invention, central angle is π/6, groove
Number is 6, takes analysis of simulation result when 0.01s.Electrolysis milling is processed as side processing, i.e., tool cathode and workpiece it
Between half-circle area be processing district, when using conventional rodlike base tool cathode, process the electric current on workpiece surface in gap
Density is equal everywhere, i.e., machining area is entirely by electrolysis.When using tool cathode provided by the invention, due to sidewall notches
With the presence of insulation abrasive grain layer, keep the workpiece surface current density opposite with groove very big, and the work opposite with insulation abrasive grain layer
Part surface current density is 0, and there is no Anodics to dissolve, and it is workpiece surface to groove lower arcuate surface to process gap at this time
Distance, compared to conventional tool cathode, the distance in tool exterior wall face to workpiece reduces, and abrasive grain increases the penetraction depth of workpiece,
Ablation enhances.In addition, with the rotation of tool cathode, the current density of workpiece surface also shows cyclically-varying, such as
Fig. 6 is workpiece machining surface midpoint when inventive article catholyte milling is processed（Fig. 5 black dot positions）Current density
Change over time curve, the current density change period of simulation is 0.01s, and signal period Inner electrolysis action time is
0.0046s（The 80% of peak value is taken to start to calculate）, it is 0.01s according to the theoretical current variable density period that the formula of offer calculates,
Signal period Inner electrolysis action time is 0.005s, demonstrates the correctness of given formula.
It is different tool cathode Fluid field analogous diagrams as shown in Fig. 7 ~ 8, design parameter is：Liquid inlet pressure 0.6MPa,
Liquid outlet pressure is 0MPa, and tool cathode base diameter 10mm, side processing gap 0.4mm, shaft rotating speed is 1000 turns/min,
Take analysis of simulation result when 0.01s.Under conventional tool cathode, side processes the region electrolyte close to spray hole in gap
Flow velocity is big, and the region flow velocity far from spray hole is die-offed（Such as Fig. 7）, this is easy to cause the machining area feed flow insufficient, cause
Processing failure, and under high machining voltage, material removal speed is big, and indissoluble product increases, the small local indissoluble product of flow velocity
It is taken away it is difficult to wash away in time, this can also influence to be electrolysed being normally carried out for milling processing.Under tool cathode provided by the invention,
Although overall velocity flow profile is similar under conventional tool（Such as Fig. 8）, but since this tool cathode is electrolysed when milling is processed only
There are electrolysis, spray holes to be distributed on groove again for the workpiece surface opposite with arc groove, so that electrolysis
Region electrolyte flow rate is in high value, can fully wash away, take away processing product, improve the efficiency of Electrolyzed Processing.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that：Including cathode base（1）, cloudy
Pole matrix（1）Side wall lower ends are provided with the arc groove of several equidistantly distributeds（4）, side wall lower ends adjacent grooves（4）Between base
Body wall face passes through resinoid bond mosaic diamond abrasive grain（5）, form insulation abrasive grain layer（6）；Cathode base（1）Center opens up blind
Hole（2）, the arc groove（4）On open up and blind hole（2）The spray hole of connection（3）.
2. the electrolysis milling machining tool cathode according to claim 1 for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that be：
Above-mentioned arc groove（4）Side wall be insulating surfaces by insulation processing.
3. the electrolysis milling machining tool cathode according to claim 1 for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that：Each
Arc groove（4）One row spray hole is set（3）, the row spray hole（3）It is arranged at arc groove（4）Radian direction interposition
It sets.
4. the electrolysis milling machining tool cathode according to claim 1 for taking into account efficiency and precision, it is characterised in that：It is above-mentioned
Whole arc grooves（4）Dimensional structure is just the same.
5. the electrolysis milling side according to claim 1 using the electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision
Method, it is characterised in that：Tool cathode cutting-in is equal to arc groove when electrode milling is processed（4）Length.
6. using the electrolysis milling method of the electrolysis milling machining tool cathode for taking into account efficiency and precision described in claim 1,
It is characterized by comprising following procedure：
Tool cathode（1）In lathe shaft, while power cathode is connect, workpiece（7）Connect positive pole；
When carrying out electrolysis milling processing, electrolyte is by cathode base（1）Blind hole（2）Into by arc groove（4）On hydrojet
Hole（3）It is ejected into workpiece（7）On, with arc groove（4）Opposite workpiece（7）Surface is by electrolysis, with insulation abrasive grain layer（6）
The workpiece surface of contact is by ablation, under the alternating action of the two, workpiece（7）Material is removed；
Arc groove（4）Depth reduces cathode base as a processing gap part（1）Outside wall surface and workpiece（7）Process table
The distance in face, makes diamond abrasive grain（5）Ablation enhancing, machining accuracy can be improved, reduce the rough surface of machined surface
Degree.
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| CN108436206A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-08-24 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of adaptive, adjustable type combination tool electrode assembly |
| CN109759659A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-17 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of efficient roughening system of processing and method of contour surface |
| CN109967805A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrochemical discharge machinery milling Compound Machining tool cathode and application method |
| CN110014294A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-16 | 山东大学 | Mill integral processing apparatus and system are bored in group's hole pipe electrode electrolysis |
| CN110695472A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-17 | 安徽工业大学 | Cathode of movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing tool and method |
| CN111168170A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-19 | 常州工学院 | Electrolytic grinding and milling device and method for group of narrow grooves |
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| CN112091339A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-18 | 河南理工大学 | Integrated spiral tool electrode and multi-potential electrolytic milling and grinding method thereof |
| CN112091339B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-11-02 | 河南理工大学 | Integrated spiral tool electrode and multi-potential electrolytic milling and grinding method thereof |
| CN114571247A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-03 | 长沙理工大学 | Electrochemical discharge-grinding combined machining tool and using method thereof |
| CN114571247B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2023-01-03 | 长沙理工大学 | Electrochemical discharge-grinding combined machining tool and using method thereof |
| CN114985854A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-02 | 常州工学院 | Electrolytic-micro milling composite ball head cathode for titanium alloy processing and processing method |
| CN114985854B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2024-01-05 | 常州工学院 | Electrolytic-micro milling composite ball cathode for titanium alloy processing and processing method |
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Application publication date: 20180817 |