CN110695371A - Method for preparing copper nanowire/graphene composite with ultrahigh length-diameter ratio - Google Patents
Method for preparing copper nanowire/graphene composite with ultrahigh length-diameter ratio Download PDFInfo
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a copper nanowire/graphene compound with an ultrahigh length-diameter ratio, which comprises the steps of reacting graphene with an alkali solution to obtain graphene containing hydroxyl functional groups; adding copper chloride into oleylamine, and stirring at room temperature for a certain time to obtain a precursor solution; mixing graphene containing hydroxyl functional groups with a precursor solution, heating for reaction, and separating after the reaction is finished to obtain the copper nanowire/graphene composite with the ultrahigh length-diameter ratio. Compared with the prior art, the composite of the copper nanowire and the graphene, which has the length of 160 mu m and the length-diameter ratio of up to 4000, can be prepared in situ. The copper nanowire and the graphene are closely combined through a chemical bond, so that the copper nanowire has excellent stability and conductivity. The sheet resistance of the thin film electrode prepared by the method is less than 0.026 omega/sq, and the sheet resistance of the thin film electrode is not changed after the thin film electrode is placed at room temperature for 30 days. The method is simple and feasible, and can realize large-scale preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano composite material preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a copper nanowire/graphene composite with an ultrahigh length-diameter ratio.
Background
The one-dimensional metal nano material has a special quantum size effect and has wide application value in the fields of optics, electrics, flexible wearable equipment devices and the like. The copper nanowire has the advantages of excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, abundant raw materials and low cost, and thus becomes one of the most promising one-dimensional metal materials. However, the low-cost synthesis of the copper nanowire with high aspect ratio and the easy oxidation of the copper nanowire still remain problems to be solved.
In patent CN201710224439.6, a method of using vitamin C as a reducing agent and octadecylamine as a capping agent is invented to prepare a copper nanowire with a relatively high long diameter, but the copper nanowire prepared by the method is easy to aggregate and difficult to be applied subsequently. Patent CN201811166559.6 discloses a method for preparing copper nanowires by using molten metal aluminum as a liquid phase, and although the copper nanowires obtained by the method have good dispersibility, the length-diameter ratio is not high, and the reaction conditions are harsh, so that the large-scale production and application are difficult. The graphene has excellent electric conductivity and heat conductivity, and has wide application fields. Research on the preparation of the composite material with excellent performance by compounding the graphene and the copper nanowire attracts wide attention of researchers, and Kholmanov et al prepares the electrode with the performance superior to that of the electrode made of the pure copper nanowire by compounding the graphene subjected to oxidation reduction and the copper nanowire. Although the stability and a certain degree of conductivity of the copper nanometer are improved, the application of the composite still has great limitation because the conductivity of the graphene after oxidation and reduction is poor. The surface of the copper nanowire is coated with graphene by using a vapor deposition method, such as Chenshihong, and the like, and the heat conduction and the electric conductivity of the coated copper nanowire are proved to be far superior to those of the uncoated copper nanowire. However, the method has harsh reaction conditions, requires a high temperature (650 ℃), has high requirements on equipment and high energy consumption, and therefore, the method limits large-scale application.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a method for preparing an ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite having excellent conductivity and stability.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of preparing an ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite, comprising:
reacting graphene with an alkali solution to obtain graphene containing a hydroxyl functional group;
adding copper chloride into oleylamine, and stirring at room temperature for a certain time to obtain a precursor solution;
mixing graphene containing hydroxyl functional groups with a precursor solution, heating for reaction, and separating after the reaction is finished to obtain the copper nanowire/graphene composite with the ultrahigh length-diameter ratio.
Further, the alkali solution includes strong alkali such as potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide or sodium ethoxide.
Further, the alkali solution is a potassium hydroxide solution.
Further, the concentration of the alkali solution is 1-5 mol/L.
Further, the mass ratio of the graphene to the alkali is 1:5-1: 20.
Further, the reaction temperature of the graphene is controlled to be 150-.
Further, the mass ratio of the copper chloride to the oleylamine is 1: 250-1:500.
Further, the copper chloride is stirred and reacted in oleylamine for 10-60min, preferably 30 min.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the graphene containing the hydroxyl functional group to the copper chloride in the precursor solution is 1:2-2: 1.
Furthermore, the graphene containing hydroxyl functional groups and the precursor solution are mixed and heated for reaction at the temperature of 160-200 ℃ for 1-8h, and compared with the prior art which needs 650 ℃, the reaction temperature can be greatly reduced.
Furthermore, the temperature for mixing and heating the graphene containing the hydroxyl functional group and the precursor solution is preferably 170-180 ℃, and the time is 2-4 h.
Compared with the prior art, the composite of the copper nanowire and the graphene, which has the length of 160 mu m and the length-diameter ratio of up to 4000, can be prepared in situ. The copper nanowire and the graphene are closely combined through a chemical bond, so that the copper nanowire has excellent stability and conductivity. According to the invention, a large number of active sites exist on the edge and the surface of the graphene treated by the Plasma, and after the graphene is treated in a strong alkaline solution environment, the generated hydroxyl active sites can reduce copper ions, so that copper atoms are crystallized and grown on the graphene to form good combination, and the graphene and the copper nanowires are uniformly mixed, so that the reaction temperature can be greatly reduced. In addition, the growth of copper nanowires is affected by many factors, such as temperature, concentration, etc., different reaction conditions, and different growth environments of copper nuclei, and thus, different final results are obtained. The sheet resistance of the thin film electrode prepared by the copper nanowire/graphene composite with the ultrahigh length-diameter ratio prepared by adopting the specific process parameters is less than 0.026 omega/sq, and the sheet resistance of the thin film electrode is not changed after the thin film electrode is placed at room temperature for 30 days. The method is simple and feasible, and can realize large-scale preparation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite prepared in example 1
Fig. 2 is an SEM picture of the composite prepared in example 1 and a diameter and length distribution diagram of copper nanowires.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
A preparation method of a copper nanowire/graphene compound with an ultrahigh length-diameter ratio is realized by the following steps:
(1) reacting graphene with an alkaline solution with the concentration of 1-5mol/L, such as a potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide and other strong bases, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 150-;
(2) copper chloride is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: adding the mixture into oleylamine at a ratio of 250-1:500, and stirring at room temperature for 10-60min to obtain a precursor solution B;
(3) mixing graphene A containing hydroxyl functional groups with a precursor solution B, heating the mixture to 160-200 ℃ for reaction for 1-8h, and separating after the reaction is finished to obtain the copper nanowire/graphene composite with the ultrahigh length-diameter ratio.
The following are more detailed embodiments, and the technical solutions and the technical effects obtained by the present invention will be further described by the following embodiments.
Example 1
And (3) putting 50mg of graphene into 100ml of 2mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating to 170 ℃, reacting for 6 hours, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished. And washing the reaction product with deionized water, filtering, washing to neutrality, and freeze-drying to obtain the graphene containing the hydroxyl functional group, which is marked as A. 150mg of copper chloride was added to 20ml of oleylamine and stirred at room temperature for 30min to obtain a precursor solution, denoted as B. A and B were mixed for 15min and heated to 170 ℃ for 4 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation, and washing for 3 times to obtain a final product: the scanning electron microscope photo of the copper nanowire/graphene composite is shown in fig. 1, and in the composite, graphene uniformly covers the surface layer of the copper nanowire, so that a good protection effect is achieved; fig. 2 is an SEM picture of the prepared composite and a diameter and length distribution diagram of the copper nanowire, wherein (a) is an SEM picture of the prepared composite in which sizes are edited, and (b) and (c) are a diameter and length distribution diagram of the copper nanowire, respectively, and it can be seen from the figure that the length and diameter of the copper nanowire in the prepared composite are about 180 μm and 40nm, respectively. The obtained composite has excellent conductivity and stability, and the sheet resistance of the electrode prepared by detection is still 0.035 omega/sq after being placed at room temperature for 30 days.
Example 2
And (3) putting 50mg of pretreated graphene into 100ml of 2mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating to 180 ℃, reacting for 6 hours, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished. And washing the reaction product with deionized water, filtering, washing to neutrality, and freeze-drying to obtain the graphene containing the hydroxyl functional group, which is marked as A. Adding 150mg of copper chloride into 20mL of oleylamine, stirring at room temperature for 30min, adding A, carrying out ultrasonic treatment in a water bath for 15min, and heating to 180 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation, and washing for 3 times by using toluene to obtain a final product, namely the copper nanowire/graphene compound. In the compound, graphene uniformly covers the copper nanowire, and the length and the diameter of the copper nanowire in the compound are respectively about 160 mu m and 45 nm. The obtained composite has excellent conductivity and stability, and the electrode sheet resistance prepared by detection is still 0.026 omega/sq after being placed at room temperature for 30 days.
Example 3
And (3) putting 50mg of pretreated graphene into 100mL of 2mol/L KOH aqueous solution, heating to 180 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished. And washing the reaction product with deionized water, filtering and washing to be neutral, and then performing freeze drying to obtain the graphene containing the hydroxyl functional group, which is marked as A. Adding 150mg of copper chloride into 20mL of oleylamine, stirring at room temperature for 30min, adding A, carrying out ultrasonic treatment in a water bath for 15min, and heating to 170 ℃ for reaction for 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation, and washing for 3 times by using toluene to obtain a final product, namely the copper nanowire/graphene compound. In the compound, graphene uniformly covers the copper nanowire, and the length and the diameter of the copper nanowire in the compound are respectively about 170 mu m and 50 nm. The obtained composite has excellent conductivity and stability, and the sheet resistance of the electrode prepared by detection is still 0.034 omega/sq after being placed at room temperature for 30 days.
Example 4
And (3) putting 50mg of pretreated graphene into 100mL of 2mol/L KOH aqueous solution, heating to 180 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished. And washing the reaction product with deionized water, filtering and washing to be neutral, and then performing freeze drying to obtain the graphene containing the hydroxyl functional group, which is marked as A. Adding 150mg of copper chloride into 20mL of oleylamine, stirring at room temperature for 30min, adding A, carrying out water bath ultrasonic treatment for 15min, heating to 180 ℃, and reacting for 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation, and washing for 3 times by using toluene to obtain a final product, namely the copper nanowire/graphene compound. In the compound, graphene uniformly covers the copper nanowire, and the length and the diameter of the copper nanowire in the compound are about 190 μm and about 55nm respectively. The obtained composite has excellent conductivity and stability, and the sheet resistance of the electrode prepared by detection and duplication is still 0.040 omega/sq after being placed at room temperature for 30 days.
Example 5
And (3) putting the pretreated graphene into 100mL of 1mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene to the NaOH is 1:5, heating to 150 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished. And washing the reaction product with deionized water, filtering and washing to be neutral, and then performing freeze drying to obtain the graphene containing the hydroxyl functional group, which is marked as A. Copper chloride and oleylamine are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:250, adding into oleylamine, stirring at room temperature for 60min, adding A, wherein the mass ratio of graphene to copper chloride is 1:2, carrying out water bath ultrasound for 15min, and heating to 160 ℃ for reaction for 8 h. After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation, and washing for 3 times by using toluene to obtain a final product, namely the copper nanowire/graphene compound. In the composite, graphene uniformly covers the copper nanowires, and the length and the diameter of the copper nanowires in the composite are respectively about 175 μm and 52 nm. The obtained composite has excellent conductivity and stability, and the sheet resistance of the electrode prepared by detection and duplication is still 0.05 omega/sq after being placed at room temperature for 30 days.
Example 6
Putting the pretreated graphene into 100mL of 5mol/L sodium ethoxide aqueous solution, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene to the sodium ethoxide is 1:20, heating to 200 ℃, reacting for 1 hour, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished. And washing the reaction product with deionized water, filtering and washing to be neutral, and then performing freeze drying to obtain the graphene containing the hydroxyl functional group, which is marked as A. Adding copper chloride and oleylamine according to the mass ratio of 1:500 into oleylamine, stirring at room temperature for 10min, adding A, performing water bath ultrasound for 15min, and heating to 200 ℃ for reaction for 1 h, wherein the mass ratio of graphene to copper chloride is 2: 1. After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation, and washing for 3 times by using toluene to obtain a final product, namely the copper nanowire/graphene compound. In the compound, graphene uniformly covers the copper nanowire, and the length and the diameter of the copper nanowire in the compound are about 185 mu m and 60nm respectively. The obtained composite has excellent conductivity and stability, and the sheet resistance of the electrode prepared by detection and duplication is still 0.046 omega/sq after being placed at room temperature for 30 days.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a copper nanowire/graphene composite with an ultra-high aspect ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps:
reacting graphene with an alkali solution to obtain graphene containing a hydroxyl functional group;
adding copper chloride into oleylamine, and stirring at room temperature for a certain time to obtain a precursor solution;
mixing graphene containing hydroxyl functional groups with a precursor solution, heating for reaction, and separating after the reaction is finished to obtain the copper nanowire/graphene composite with the ultrahigh length-diameter ratio.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali solution is a strong alkali solution comprising potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide or sodium ethoxide.
3. The method for preparing ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the alkali solution is 1-5 mol/L.
4. The method for preparing the ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene to the alkali is 1:5-1: 20.
5. The method for preparing the ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction temperature of the graphene is controlled to be 150-.
6. The method for preparing the ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the copper chloride to the oleylamine is 1:250-1: 500.
7. The method for preparing ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite according to claim 1, wherein the copper chloride is stirred in oleylamine for 10-60min, preferably 30 min.
8. The method for preparing the ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene containing hydroxyl functional groups to the copper chloride in the precursor solution is 1:2-2: 1.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphene containing hydroxyl functional groups and the precursor solution are mixed and heated at a temperature of 160-200 ℃ for 1-8 h.
10. The method for preparing the ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowire/graphene composite as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the graphene containing hydroxyl functional groups and the precursor solution are mixed and heated at a temperature of preferably 170-180 ℃ for 2-4 h.
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