CN110686245A - Long-life high temperature plasma torch medical waste innocent treatment system - Google Patents
Long-life high temperature plasma torch medical waste innocent treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110686245A CN110686245A CN201910956673.7A CN201910956673A CN110686245A CN 110686245 A CN110686245 A CN 110686245A CN 201910956673 A CN201910956673 A CN 201910956673A CN 110686245 A CN110686245 A CN 110686245A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
- F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
- F23J2215/301—Dioxins; Furans
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
Abstract
The invention discloses a long-life high-temperature plasma torch harmless treatment system for medical wastes. The main combustion furnace burns from top to bottom, and after medical wastes enter the main combustion furnace, the medical wastes are incinerated by two layers of plasma guns arranged in the circumferential direction of the main combustion furnace; waste gas generated by incineration enters the auxiliary combustion furnace for further incineration, finally generated tail gas enters the tail gas treatment system for purification and then is discharged through the induced draft fan, normal temperature air and tail gas generated by secondary incineration in the auxiliary combustion furnace are subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchanger, and the heated air is introduced into the upper part inside the main combustion furnace. The air supply system is used for supplying hot air to the main combustion furnace or supplying normal warm air to the auxiliary combustion furnace. The invention can thoroughly realize the harmless treatment of medical waste and garbage, and can utilize the heat energy of the combustion materials to generate electricity or recycle the heat energy to participate in baking and secondary combustion, thereby achieving the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dangerous solid waste treatment, in particular to a long-life high-temperature plasma torch harmless treatment system for medical wastes.
Background
With the continuous growth of urban domestic garbage in China, the situation of the garbage enclosed city is increasingly prominent, and the environmental safety is seriously threatened. In order to protect the home and the sustainable development, China pays great attention to environmental protection in recent years, and a new generation of energy-saving and environment-friendly garbage treatment technology is urgently needed to be developed.
The traditional treatment of domestic garbage such as municipal solid waste takes sanitary landfill as the main part and takes composting and incineration as the auxiliary part. Landfill is recognized as the last choice for waste disposal due to the large amount of space occupied and ground water pollution; although the compost can realize the secondary utilization of partial garbage, the cost is high, the fertilizer efficiency is low, the pollution to the ambient air environment exists, potential safety hazards such as combustion, explosion and the like exist, and the development is still limited; the incineration treatment generally takes direct incineration power generation and heating as main materials, waste reduction and secondary utilization of waste energy can be realized to a certain extent, but direct incineration often leads to standard exceeding of smoke and odorous fumigation, and the incineration process is easy to generate secondary pollution of dioxin, heavy metals and the like, so that residents are easy to panic, and a series of environmental protection problems such as environmental hazard are brought.
Plasma technology has evolved over a century. Because the high-temperature plasma has very high temperature and is rich in chemical reaction active particles, the solid wastes such as various household garbage and the like which are difficult to treat can be destroyed by the high-temperature thermal environment with the core temperature zone of 3000 ℃, wherein the solid wastes comprise troublesome medical garbage treatment.
The method for treating the garbage by adopting the high-temperature plasma is one of the green and environment-friendly technologies with the most obvious volume reduction effect, the most thorough harmlessness and the highest resource degree at present, has wide application prospect in the field of waste treatment, has strong adaptability to treatment objects, such as medical waste, electronic waste, chemical waste and the like, and particularly is good at treating dangerous waste which is difficult to treat by a traditional method, such as waste pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl and other POPs, chemical warfare agents, toxic and harmful chemical waste, low-radioactivity waste and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a long-life high-temperature plasma torch harmless treatment system for medical waste, which aims at solving the problems that medical solid waste is difficult to harmlessly treat, the smoke of combustion products exceeds standard, secondary pollution such as dioxin, heavy metal and the like is easy to generate, and the like, and the problem that a plasma torch is short in service life, so that the harmless treatment of medical waste garbage is thoroughly realized, and meanwhile, the heat energy of combustion products can be utilized to generate electricity or be recycled to participate in baking and secondary combustion, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
The invention discloses a long-life high-temperature plasma torch harmless treatment system for medical wastes, which comprises a waste feeding system, a waste plasma combustion system, a tail gas treatment system and an air supplementing system.
The waste feeding system is used for crushing and conveying medical waste to the waste plasma combustion system; the waste plasma combustion system comprises a main combustion furnace and a secondary combustion furnace.
The main combustion furnace is in a vertical layout and burns from top to bottom, and the top part is a main feed inlet for receiving crushed medical wastes; the top end of the inner part is provided with a material distributing port for further distributing and treating the medical waste entering the main combustion furnace; the plasma gun is arranged on the main combustion furnace in the circumferential direction, the crushed falling medical waste is incinerated, and the incinerated ground ash falls into the first ash collector through the furnace grate at the bottom of the main combustion furnace.
The main combustion furnace is connected with the auxiliary combustion furnace through a pipeline, and an auxiliary combustion furnace plasma gun is arranged on the side wall of the auxiliary combustion furnace and burns the generated waste gas entering the auxiliary combustion furnace; slag produced in the auxiliary combustion furnace is arranged below the auxiliary combustion furnace and falls into a second ash collector with a water seal.
The tail gas treatment system comprises a heat exchanger, a cooling tower, an activated carbon adsorption device, a dust removal device, an acid removal tower, a first one-way valve and a draught fan from the upstream to the downstream in sequence; wherein, the heat exchanger is connected with the auxiliary combustion furnace through a pipeline, so that the normal temperature air is subjected to heat exchange with tail gas generated after secondary combustion in the auxiliary combustion furnace; the heat exchanger is connected with the main combustion furnace through a pipeline, and the air after being heated is introduced into the upper part of the interior of the main combustion furnace.
The air supply system is characterized in that an air supply fan is connected with a heat exchanger and an auxiliary combustion furnace through pipelines, and hot air is introduced into the main combustion furnace or normal warm air is introduced into the auxiliary combustion furnace.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch, the waste feeding system can automatically realize the transmission and crushing of the medical wastes, and the crushed wastes with small particle sizes automatically fall into the main feed inlet of the main combustion furnace;
(2) according to the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch, the vertical main combustion furnace and the vertical auxiliary combustion furnace are adopted for carrying out high-temperature plasma incineration, so that the cracking of solid particles is more thorough, and the secondary combustion of tail gas is more thorough;
(3) according to the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch, the feeding of the main combustion furnace adopts a plurality of material distributing openings such as the first material distributing opening and the second material distributing opening, so that the problems of low drying efficiency, low incineration efficiency and the like caused by over-concentration of materials are avoided;
(4) according to the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch, according to the high-temperature cracking incineration characteristics of the combustion furnace, a plurality of groups of plasma guns are arranged in a plurality of spatial regions in the furnace and are arranged in a staggered mode, and form an active convection combustion mode with a combustion body, so that the combustion efficiency is increased, and the service life of the plasma guns is prolonged;
(5) according to the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch, the ash collector is arranged at the lower part of the combustion furnace, combustion slag is automatically collected, and automatic collection and cooling of ash are realized;
(6) according to the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch, the temperature sensors are arranged at different parts of the combustion area, so that the temperature of the corresponding area can be monitored conveniently, and the danger caused by the out-of-control temperature in the furnace can be avoided;
(7) the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-service-life high-temperature plasma torch is provided with the pressure sensor, the pressure of the system is monitored remotely, the speed of the fan is adjusted through the pressure, so that the micro-negative pressure state in the furnace is kept, and the high-temperature incineration is facilitated;
(8) according to the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch, the tail gas heat recovery, tail gas cooling, residual dioxin and heavy metal removal, residual ash removal and sulfur dioxide and acidic substance removal are realized through the tail gas treatment system, so that the discharged gas meets the environmental protection requirement;
(9) according to the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch, the induced draft fan combined by the one-way valves is adopted, so that gas backflow is prevented, the wind resistance of a process pipeline and each device is overcome, and the micro-negative pressure environment for high-temperature pyrolysis incineration of medical wastes is guaranteed;
(10) the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch can work simultaneously or independently, and can be used for backup, so that the air supplement requirement of the system is fully ensured, and the working reliability of the system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a long-life high-temperature plasma torch harmless treatment system for medical waste;
FIG. 2 is a single working flow of a first air supplement blower in the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of a long-life high-temperature plasma torch according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a second independent flow of the second fan supplement in the harmless treatment system for medical waste of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a simultaneous working flow of a first air supply machine and a second air supply machine in the harmless treatment system for the medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an application method of the harmless treatment system for medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch.
1-waste feeding system 2-waste plasma combustion system 3-tail gas treatment system
4-air supplement system 1-garbage conveying belt 102-crushing machine
201-main furnace 202-auxiliary furnace 201 a-total feed inlet
201 b-first port 201 c-second port 201 d-first plasma gun
201 e-second plasma gun 201 f-first ash collector 201 g-first gas inlet
201 h-first outlet 201 i-first temperature sensor 201 j-second temperature sensor
201 k-third temperature sensor 2011-fourth temperature sensor 201 m-first remote pressure sensor
201 n-first in situ pressure gauge 202 a-third plasma gun 202 b-second gas inlet
202 c-third inlet port 202 d-second outlet port 202 e-second on-site pressure gauge
202 f-second remote pressure sensor 202 g-fifth temperature sensor 202 h-second ash collector
202 i-safety pressure relief device 301-heat exchanger 302-cooling tower
303-active carbon adsorption device 304-dust collector 305-deacidification tower
306-first one-way valve 307-induced draft fan 308-sixth temperature sensor
309-seventh temperature sensor 310-eighth temperature sensor 401-first air supplement fan
402-second air supplement machine 403-first stop valve 404-second stop valve
405 pneumatic valve 406 third stop valve 407 fourth stop valve
408-second check valve 409-third check valve
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a long-life high-temperature plasma torch harmless treatment system for medical wastes, which comprises a waste feeding system 1, a waste plasma combustion system 2, a tail gas treatment system 3 and an air supplementing system 4.
The waste feeding system 1 is responsible for medical waste delivery and comminution and consists of a waste conveyor belt 101 and a crusher 102. The garbage conveyor belt 101 is used for conveying medical wastes, the tail end of the garbage conveyor belt 101 is arranged above the feeding hole of the crushing machine 102, the medical wastes conveyed by the garbage conveyor belt 101 fall into the feeding hole of the crushing machine 102 after reaching the tail end, and large-particle-size objects in the medical wastes are further crushed into small particles through the crushing machine 102, so that the high-temperature incineration efficiency is improved conveniently.
The waste plasma combustion system 2 is composed of a main combustion furnace 201 and an auxiliary combustion furnace 202, which are connected by a pipeline. The main combustion furnace 201 is arranged vertically, burns from top to bottom, and is mainly used for drying and burning medical wastes at high temperature. The auxiliary combustion furnace 202 is vertically arranged and is used for combusting combustible gas generated by the main combustion furnace 201 and macromolecular gases such as sulfide and the like through further pyrolysis, removing combustible gas such as methane and the like and difficultly-decomposed gases such as sulfide and the like, and further purifying air.
The main combustion furnace 201 is divided into a drying zone, a first combustion zone, a second combustion zone and a burnout zone from top to bottom, and the main combustion furnace 201 further includes a total feed inlet 201a, a first material dividing port 201b, a second material dividing port 201c, a first plasma gun 201d, a second plasma gun 201e, a first ash collector 201f, a first air inlet 201g, a first air outlet 201h, a first temperature sensor 201i, a second temperature sensor 201g, a third temperature sensor 201k, a fourth temperature sensor 2011, a first remote pressure sensor 201m and a first on-site pressure gauge 201 n. The secondary burner 202 has a third plasma gun 202a, a second gas inlet 202b, a third gas inlet 202c, a second gas outlet 202d, a second on-site pressure gauge 202e, a second remote pressure sensor 202f, a fifth temperature sensor 202g, a second ash collector 202h, and a safety pressure relief device 202 i.
In the main combustion furnace 201, the main feed port 201a is used for receiving medical waste particles crushed by the crusher 102. The main feed port 201a is designed at the top of the main combustion furnace 201 and is arranged below the feed port of the crusher 102; the medical waste crushed by the crusher 102 falls into the main feed port 201a through the feed opening of the crusher 102, and then enters the furnace body of the main combustion furnace 201.
The first material dividing port 201b and the second material dividing port 201c are located in the drying area and form a funnel shape, all medical waste particles entering the furnace body of the main combustion furnace 201 are further divided and processed through the first material dividing port 201b and the second material dividing port 201c, and the problems of low drying efficiency, low incineration efficiency and the like caused by too concentrated materials are avoided.
The first plasma gun 201d is located in the combustion area 1, and is mounted on the side wall of the main combustion furnace 201 by flange connection, so as to perform the functions of further drying and primary incineration. The first plasma gun 201d is arranged obliquely upwards, and the axis of the jet flame and the falling direction of the medical waste form an angle of 45 degrees, so that an active convection combustion mode is formed, and the combustion efficiency is increased. The second plasma gun 201e is located in the combustion area 2, is mounted on the side wall of the main combustion furnace 201 by flange connection, and is located lower than the first plasma gun 201d, so as to perform the function of further incineration. The axis of the jet flame of the second plasma gun 201e which is obliquely arranged upwards forms an angle of 60 degrees with the falling direction of the medical waste, so that the depth combustion depth is increased while active convection combustion is formed, and the combustion efficiency is further improved. The first plasma gun 201d and the second plasma gun 201e are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the main combustion furnace 201 for 4 pieces, and are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the service life of the plasma guns is further prolonged while the incineration is sufficient. Meanwhile, by adjusting the relative spatial positions of the first plasma gun 201d, the second plasma gun 201e, the first material distribution port 201b and the second material distribution port 201c, even if the high-temperature parts of the first plasma gun 201d and the second plasma gun 201e are intersected with the perpendicular bisector of the material distribution port closest to the high-temperature parts, the solid particles can be incinerated and gasified more thoroughly, and the incineration efficiency is improved.
The burnout zone at the lower part of the main combustion furnace 201 is designed into a funnel shape and is used as an ash collecting hopper, and a furnace grate is arranged at the bottom surface. And a first ash collector 201f with a water seal is arranged outside the main combustion furnace 201 and below the grate and used for automatically collecting slag generated by the main combustion furnace 201. Therefore, after the ash generated by secondary incineration of medical waste particles falls into the burnout area for collection, the ash falls into the first ash collector 201f through the grate to realize automatic collection and temperature reduction of the ash.
The first air inlet 201g and the first air outlet 201h are both located in a drying area of the main combustion chamber 201, the first air inlet 201g is higher than the first air outlet 201h, the height difference is 100-300 mm, and the first air inlet 201g is mainly used for conveying hot air to the drying area so as to improve the drying efficiency of medical waste; the first gas outlet 201h is mainly used for conveying the combustible gas mixture generated by incineration to the auxiliary combustion furnace 202.
The first to fourth temperature sensors 201i to 2011 are respectively installed in the drying zone, the first combustion zone, the second combustion zone and the burnout zone, and respectively monitor the temperatures of the corresponding zones, so that danger caused by out-of-control furnace temperature of the main combustion furnace 201 is avoided. The first on-site pressure gauge 201m and the first remote pressure sensor 201n are both installed on the top of the main combustion furnace 201 and used for on-site and remote monitoring of the furnace body pressure of the main combustion furnace 201.
In the auxiliary combustion furnace 202, the third plasma gun 202a is located in the middle of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 and is used for burning combustible gas generated by the main combustion furnace 201 entering the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 and further pyrolyzing macromolecules such as sulfide, thereby facilitating tail gas environmental protection treatment in the later period. The third plasma gun 202a is arranged in a downward inclination mode, the axis of the jet flame and the vertical flowing direction of the tail gas form an angle of 45 degrees, an active convection high-temperature incineration mode is formed, and the combustion and cracking efficiency is increased. The third plasma guns 202a are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 for 4, so that the service life of the plasma guns is further prolonged while the incineration is sufficient.
The second air inlet 202b is communicated with the first air outlet 201h through a pipeline; the third air inlet 202c is connected to the air supply system 4, and introduces the normal temperature air into the auxiliary combustion furnace 202. The third air inlet 202c is positioned at the lower part of the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 and at the upper part of the burnout zone; the position of the third air inlet 202c is 100-300 mm higher than that of the second air inlet 202b, so that the light-density tail gas and the relatively heavy-density air can be mixed sufficiently, and the subsequent combustion efficiency is improved. The second gas outlet 202d is located at the top of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 and connected to the downstream tail gas treatment device 3 through a pipeline, so that the burnt-off tail gas can be conveniently conveyed to the downstream tail gas treatment device 3.
The second on-site pressure gauge 202e and the second remote pressure sensor 202f are both installed at the top of the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202, and are used for on-site and remote monitoring of the furnace body pressure of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202. The fifth temperature sensor 202g is installed at the top of the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202, monitors the ambient temperature in the top space of the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202, provides an input condition for automatically controlling the heat exchanger, and simultaneously avoids the danger caused by the temperature runaway in the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202. The second ash collector 202h with a water seal is positioned below the outside of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 and is used for automatically collecting slag generated in the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 and realizing automatic collection and temperature reduction of ash in the auxiliary combustion furnace 202. The safety pressure relief device 202i is installed at the top of the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 and is used for ensuring the safety of equipment and preventing overpressure.
The tail gas treatment system 3 comprises a heat exchanger 301, a cooling tower 302, an activated carbon adsorption device 303, a dust removal device 304, an acid removal tower 305, a first one-way valve 306, an induced draft fan 307, a sixth temperature sensor 308, a seventh temperature sensor 309 and an eighth temperature sensor 310 which are all connected through a tail gas treatment pipeline.
Wherein, the inlet of the heat exchanger 301 is connected to the second air outlet 202d of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 through a pipeline, so that the normal temperature air and the 1000-1500 ℃ high temperature tail gas generated after the secondary combustion in the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 can exchange heat in the heat exchanger 301 sufficiently to recover the heat therein. The heat exchanger 301 is communicated with the first air inlet 201g of the main combustion furnace 201 through a pipeline, and introduces the heated air into the drying area to participate in drying and combustion, so that the initial temperature and energy in the main combustion furnace 201 are increased, the drying efficiency is improved, energy conservation and emission reduction are realized, and the production cost is reduced. The cooling tower 302 is located at the downstream of the heat exchanger 301, and a spraying cooling method is adopted to further reduce the temperature of the flue gas to normal temperature, so that further purification treatment of the flue gas by downstream equipment is facilitated. The activated carbon adsorption device 303 is located at the downstream of the cooling tower 302, and is internally provided with activated carbon and slaked lime to absorb a small amount of residual dioxin and heavy metals in the flue gas, so that the flue gas is further purified. The dust removing device 304 is located at the downstream of the activated carbon adsorption device 303 and is used for removing solid particles and ash in the flue gas and avoiding environmental pollution. The acid removal tower 305 is located downstream of the dust removal device 304, and uses 25% sodium hydroxide solution for removing sulfur dioxide and acidic substances in the flue gas, which is the last time of purifying the flue gas before the flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere, so that the discharged gas meets the environmental protection requirement. The draught fan 307 is positioned at the tail end of the tail gas treatment pipeline, the outlet of the draught fan 307 is directly communicated with the atmosphere, the draught fan 307 adopts a variable-frequency speed-regulating fan, the air speed is adjustable, and the variable-frequency speed-regulating fan is used for overcoming the wind resistance of pipelines and various equipment and discharging purified flue gas to the outside; meanwhile, the speed of the draught fan 307 is adjusted according to the furnace body pressure of the main combustion furnace and the auxiliary combustion furnace, so that the plasma high-temperature cracking incineration system works in a micro-negative pressure state, and adverse phenomena such as overpressure of pipelines, gas leakage and the like are avoided. The first check valve 306 is located at the inlet of the induced draft fan 307 and used for preventing the reverse flow of the tail gas. The sixth temperature sensor 308 is located on the pipeline between the heat exchanger 301 and the cooling tower 302, and is used for monitoring the temperature of the pipeline, collecting temperature data in real time, and providing a reference for automatic control. The seventh temperature sensor 309 is located on the pipeline between the cooling tower 302 and the activated carbon adsorption device 303, and is used for monitoring the temperature of the pipeline, collecting temperature data in real time, and providing reference for automatic control. The eighth temperature sensor 310 is located on the pipeline between the heat exchanger 301 and the main combustion furnace 201, and collects temperature data in real time, so as to monitor the temperature of the pipeline and provide reference for automatic control.
The air supplementing system 4 is composed of a first air supplementing machine 401, a second air supplementing machine 402, a first stop valve 403, a second stop valve 404, an air-operated valve 405, a third stop valve 406, a fourth stop valve 407, a second one-way valve 408 and a third one-way valve 409, and is connected through a pipeline.
The first air supplement fan 401 is connected with the heat exchanger 201 through a first air supplement pipeline; the second air supplement fan 402 is connected with the third air inlet 202c of the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 through a second air supplement pipeline; the first air supply fan 401 and the second air supply fan 402 can work simultaneously or independently, and can also be used as backup for each other, and are used for supplying hot air to the main combustion furnace 201 or supplying normal warm air to the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 to assist high-temperature combustion. The first air supplement fan 401 or the second air supplement fan 402 can ensure that under the condition of failure of any one fan, the air supplement amount of the other fan still meets the air supplement requirement of the system.
The first stop valve 403 and the third stop valve 406 are installed on the first air supplementing pipeline; the second stop valve 404 and the fourth stop valve 407 are mounted on the second filling pipe; the air-operated valve 405 is installed on a communication line installed between the first air supply line and the second air supply line, one end of the communication line is connected between the first stop valve 403 and the third stop valve 406, and the other end is connected to the second stop valve 404 and the fourth stop valve 407. The first stop valve 403, the third stop valve 406 and the pneumatic valve 405 are used for controlling the working modes and the air supplement amounts of the first air supplement fan 401 and the second air supplement fan 402, and the pneumatic valve 405 is used for controlling the first air supplement fan 401 and the second air supplement fan 402, so that the first air supplement fan 401 and the second air supplement fan 402 can work simultaneously or independently and respectively in air supplement. The second check valve 408 and the third check valve 409 are respectively installed on the first air supplement pipeline and the second air supplement pipeline and used for preventing combustible gas from flowing backwards to cause equipment danger.
The independent work flow of the first air supply machine 401 is as follows:
step one, closing a second stop valve 404;
step two, sequentially opening a first stop valve 403, a third stop valve 406, a fourth stop valve 407 and an air-operated valve 405;
and step three, starting the first air supplement machine 401.
The independent work flow of the second air supply machine 402 is as follows:
step one, closing the first stop valve 403;
step two, sequentially opening a second stop valve 404, a third stop valve 406, a fourth stop valve 407 and a pneumatic valve 405;
and step three, starting the second air supplement machine 402.
When the air supplement amount of the main combustion furnace 201 and the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 needs to be controlled independently and accurately, the first air supplement fan 401 is started to supplement air for the main combustion furnace 201 independently, and the second air supplement fan 402 is started to supplement air for the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 independently; the first air supplement machine 401 and the second air supplement machine 402 have the following working flows at the same time:
step one, closing the pneumatic valve 405;
step two, opening a first stop valve 403 and a third stop valve 406 in sequence, and starting a first air supplement fan 401;
and step three, sequentially opening a second stop valve 404 and a fourth stop valve 407, and starting the second air supply machine 402.
The application method of the harmless treatment system for the medical wastes of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch comprises the following steps:
step one, starting an air supplementing system 4 and an induced draft fan 307 to supplement air and induce air;
sequentially igniting the first plasma gun 201c, the second plasma gun 201d and the third plasma gun 202a to realize high-temperature environments in the main combustion furnace 201 and the auxiliary combustion furnace 202;
step three, starting the waste feeding system 1, transporting and crushing the medical waste, and realizing granulation of the medical waste;
step four, the granulated waste automatically enters the main combustion furnace 201 through the first material dividing port 201b and the second material dividing port 201c, and sequentially passes through the drying zone, the first combustion zone and the second combustion zone to realize plasma high-temperature pyrolysis combustion;
step five, the combustion tail gas automatically enters the auxiliary combustion furnace 202 to continue to combust under the drive of the induced draft fan 307, so that the combustible gas is removed;
step six, the combustion tail gas sequentially passes through a heat exchanger 301 and a cooling tower 302, so that heat energy recycling and tail gas cooling are realized;
seventhly, the cooled tail gas sequentially passes through an activated carbon adsorption device 303, a dust removal device 304 and an acid removal tower 305 to remove residual dioxin, heavy metals, dust particles and acid gases;
and step eight, directly discharging the clean gas into the atmosphere under the driving of the induced draft fan 307.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a long-life high temperature plasma torch medical waste innocent treatment system which characterized in that: comprises a waste feeding system, a waste plasma combustion system, a tail gas treatment system and an air supplementing system;
the waste feeding system is used for crushing and conveying medical waste to the waste plasma combustion system; the waste plasma combustion system comprises a main combustion furnace and an auxiliary combustion furnace
The main combustion furnace is in a vertical layout and burns from top to bottom, and the top part is a main feed inlet for receiving crushed medical wastes; the top end of the inner part is provided with a material distributing port for further distributing and treating the medical waste entering the main combustion furnace; the plasma gun is arranged on the main combustion furnace in the circumferential direction, the crushed falling medical waste is incinerated, and the incinerated ground ash falls into a first ash collector through a furnace grate at the bottom of the main combustion furnace;
the main combustion furnace is connected with the auxiliary combustion furnace through a pipeline, and an auxiliary combustion furnace plasma gun is arranged on the side wall of the auxiliary combustion furnace and burns the generated waste gas entering the auxiliary combustion furnace; slag generated in the auxiliary combustion furnace is arranged below the auxiliary combustion furnace and falls into a second ash collector with a water seal;
the tail gas treatment system comprises a heat exchanger, a cooling tower, an activated carbon adsorption device, a dust removal device, an acid removal tower, a first one-way valve and a draught fan from the upstream to the downstream in sequence; wherein, the heat exchanger is connected with the auxiliary combustion furnace through a pipeline, so that the normal temperature air is subjected to heat exchange with tail gas generated after secondary combustion in the auxiliary combustion furnace; the heat exchanger is connected with the main combustion furnace through a pipeline, and the heated air is introduced into the upper part inside the main combustion furnace;
the air supply system is characterized in that an air supply fan is connected with a heat exchanger and an auxiliary combustion furnace through pipelines, and hot air is introduced into the main combustion furnace or normal warm air is introduced into the auxiliary combustion furnace.
2. The harmless treatment system for medical wastes of a long-life high-temperature plasma torch as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the plasma gun on the main combustion furnace comprises a first plasma gun and a second plasma gun which are arranged on the side wall of the main combustion furnace; the second plasma gun is positioned lower than the first plasma gun; the first plasma guns and the second plasma guns are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the furnace body of the main combustion furnace and are arranged in a staggered mode; the first plasma gun is obliquely arranged upwards, and the axis of the jet flame forms an angle of 45 degrees with the falling direction of the medical waste; the axis of the spraying flame of the second plasma gun which is obliquely arranged upwards forms an angle of 60 degrees with the falling direction of the medical waste.
3. The harmless treatment system for medical wastes of a long-life high-temperature plasma torch as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the plasma gun of the auxiliary combustion furnace is arranged in a downward inclined mode, and the axis of the jet flame and the vertical flowing direction of the tail gas form an angle of 45 degrees; plasma guns of the auxiliary combustion furnace are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace.
4. The harmless treatment system for medical wastes of a long-life high-temperature plasma torch as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the air supplementing system is provided with two air supplementing machines which are respectively a first air supplementing machine and a second air supplementing machine; the first air supplement machine is connected with the heat exchanger through a first air supplement pipeline; the second air supplement machine is connected with a third air inlet of the auxiliary combustion furnace through a second air supplement pipeline;
the first stop valve and the third stop valve are arranged on the first air supplementing pipeline; the second stop valve and the fourth stop valve are arranged on the second replenishing pipe; the pneumatic valve is arranged on a communicating pipeline arranged between the first air supplementing pipeline and the second air supplementing pipeline, one end of the communicating pipeline is connected between the first stop valve and the third stop valve, and the other end of the communicating pipeline is connected with the second stop valve and the fourth stop valve; the working mode and the air supplement amount of the first air supplement machine and the second air supplement machine are controlled through the pneumatic valve, and the first air supplement machine and the second air supplement machine can work simultaneously or independently and respectively.
5. The method for treating the harmless treatment system of the medical waste of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
the independent work flow of the first air supplement fan is as follows:
step one, closing a second stop valve;
step two, opening a first stop valve, a third stop valve, a fourth stop valve and a pneumatic valve in sequence;
step three, starting a first air supplement machine;
the independent work flow of the second air supply fan is as follows:
step one, closing a first stop valve;
step two, sequentially opening a second stop valve, a third stop valve, a fourth stop valve and a pneumatic valve;
step three, starting a second air supplement machine;
the first air supplement machine and the second air supplement machine work flow simultaneously are as follows:
step one, closing a pneumatic valve;
step two, opening a first stop valve and a third stop valve in sequence, and starting a first air supplement fan;
and step three, sequentially opening the second stop valve and the fourth stop valve, and starting the second air supplement machine.
6. The method for treating the harmless treatment system of the medical waste of the long-life high-temperature plasma torch as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
starting an air supplementing system and an induced draft fan to supplement air and induce air;
igniting a plasma gun at the upper part of the main combustion furnace, a plasma gun at the lower part of the main combustion furnace and a plasma gun on the auxiliary combustion furnace in sequence;
step three, starting a waste feeding system;
step four, the granulated waste automatically enters the main combustion furnace through the first material dividing port and the second powder port and passes through the main combustion furnace to realize plasma high-temperature pyrolysis combustion;
step five, the combustion tail gas automatically enters the auxiliary combustion furnace to be continuously combusted under the drive of the induced draft fan;
step six, enabling the combustion tail gas to sequentially pass through a heat exchanger and a cooling tower, and realizing heat energy recycling and tail gas cooling;
seventhly, the cooled tail gas sequentially passes through an activated carbon adsorption device, a dust removal device and an acid removal tower to remove residual dioxin, heavy metals, dust particles and acid gases;
and step eight, directly discharging the clean gas into the atmosphere under the driving of a draught fan.
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| CN201910956673.7A CN110686245A (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2019-10-10 | Long-life high temperature plasma torch medical waste innocent treatment system |
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| CN111780118A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-16 | 北京化工大学 | High-efficient recovery of medical waste and utilization device |
| CN112833406A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-25 | 中科云越(北京)科技发展有限公司 | Container type thermal plasma medical waste treatment device |
| CN114263911A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-01 | 信和（天津）环保科技发展有限公司 | Integrated refuse burning and transporting device |
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Application publication date: 20200114 |