CN110679818A - Multifunctional shepherd's purse water extract solid beverage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional shepherd's purse water extract solid beverage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110679818A CN110679818A CN201911056634.8A CN201911056634A CN110679818A CN 110679818 A CN110679818 A CN 110679818A CN 201911056634 A CN201911056634 A CN 201911056634A CN 110679818 A CN110679818 A CN 110679818A
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- CN
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- Prior art keywords
- pastoris
- aqueous extract
- capsella bursa
- shepherd
- purse
- Prior art date
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Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pulverizing dried Capsella bursa-pastoris leaves to obtain Capsella bursa-pastoris powder; (2) adding shepherd's purse powder into water, and performing ultrasonic-assisted heating reflux extraction; (3) filtering after the extraction in the step (2) is finished to obtain filtrate and filter residue; (4) concentrating the filtrate to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution; (5) and (3) freezing the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage. The capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract is extracted by using water as a solvent and adopting a high-temperature reflux extraction method, no chemical reaction is generated in the extraction process, the adverse effect of an organic solvent on the capsella bursa-pastoris extract can be avoided, and the extraction rate of polysaccharide is improved by high-temperature reflux extraction. The shepherd's purse water extract has the effects of reducing blood sugar and blood fat, resisting oxidation, regulating intestinal flora and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of beverage products and food engineering, and particularly relates to a multifunctional shepherd's purse water extract solid beverage and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Capsella bursa-pastoris is a cruciferae plant and is a favorite wild vegetable. Shepherd's purse, commonly known as Dicai, alias pillow grass, Zongzi dish, herba Chlorophyti Lasiocarpae, herba Capsellae, HUSHENGCAO, pedicellus et pericarpium Trapae, herba Gei Piloselloidis, radix Hedychii sinensis, and herba Capsellae. The shepherd's purse plant grows in the collapsed land with the development degree of 18 cm; has strong fragrance and delicious taste, and is suitable for spring cultivation. The tender branch and leaf domestic animals like to eat (pig, sheep, and sheep), and the bred seed chicken and domestic fowls like to eat, can supplement a certain feed source, and can improve palatability of domestic animals. The wild herbs like bitter herbs, bracken, wild mushrooms and the like are popular among consumers.
The shepherd's purse is generally eaten in the form of wild vegetable, is not easy to store and transport for a long distance, and is not beneficial to general eating by the public. At present, the shepherd's purse extract and the beneficial effect of the extract on the body are not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a multifunctional shepherd's purse aqueous extract solid beverage comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing dried Capsella bursa-pastoris leaves to obtain Capsella bursa-pastoris powder;
(2) adding shepherd's purse powder into water, and performing ultrasonic-assisted heating reflux extraction;
(3) filtering after the extraction in the step (2) is finished to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
(4) concentrating the filtrate to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution;
(5) and (3) freezing the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage.
Preferably, in the step (1), the pulverization is ultrafine pulverization.
Preferably, in the step (2), the ultrasonic power is 200-.
Preferably, in the step (2), the ratio of the shepherd's purse powder to the water is 1g (3-5) mL.
Preferably, in the step (3), the obtained filter residue is repeatedly heated, refluxed and extracted and filtered for multiple times, and all filtrates are combined.
Preferably, in step (4), the concentration is performed by rotary evaporation.
Preferably, the freeze-drying time is 18-24 h.
The multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage prepared by the preparation method is provided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a high-efficiency extraction method of a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract, wherein capsella bursa-pastoris polysaccharide is a hydrophilic macromolecule, is different from a small molecule separation and purification method, and is extracted by the same plant by different extraction methods, so that the obtained polysaccharide has different structures and also has changed biological activity. Therefore, the polysaccharide needs to be separated and purified by a proper method. According to the method, water is used as a solvent, a high-temperature reflux extraction method is adopted to extract the shepherd's purse aqueous extract, no auxiliary substance is added in the high-temperature reflux extraction process, no chemical reaction is generated in the extraction process, adverse effects of an organic solvent on the shepherd's purse extract can be avoided, and meanwhile, the high-temperature reflux extraction improves the extraction rate of polysaccharide, so that the final extraction rate is kept above 13%, raw materials are saved, and the economic benefit is improved. The invention adopts ultrasonic wave to assist hot water extraction, thus improving extraction efficiency. The freeze drying technology is used for the processed product, so that the quality of the product is greatly improved, and the loss of polyphenol and flavonoid in the shepherd's purse in further processing is effectively avoided. In addition, the freeze-drying technology can also improve the tissue porosity degree of the final product, so that the product has a honeycomb structure, and the product has excellent solubility and dissolution speed. The multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage obtained by the invention is free of any chemical component, green and safe, and has the characteristics of storage resistance, convenience in transportation and carrying, convenience in eating and the like, so that the beverage is suitable for various people of different ages and sexes. The main components of the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage obtained by the invention are capsella bursa-pastoris polysaccharide, capsella bursa-pastoris polyphenol, protein and reasonable amino acid, the polysaccharide is used for influencing the activity of various carbohydrate degrading enzymes in the small intestine and can promote the efficient absorption of the capsella bursa-pastoris polyphenol in the body, and in the application, an animal experiment part proves that the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract has the effects of reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat, resisting oxidation, regulating intestinal flora and the like.
The multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage prepared by the invention accords with the public tea drinking mode, has the characteristics of storage resistance, convenience in transportation and carrying, convenience in eating and the like, has the effects of reducing blood sugar and blood fat, resisting oxidation and inflammation and regulating intestinal flora through research verification, and is convenient for the public to selectively drink according to the self condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an HPLC chromatogram of the amino acid composition (FIG. A) of the protein in the shepherd's purse aqueous extract and the polysaccharide monosaccharide composition (FIG. C) in the aqueous extract prepared by the invention. Panel B is a standard chromatogram of various monosaccharides.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of the Capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract on reducing blood sugar in the animal experiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is the result of measuring the total antioxidant capacity and the total reducing power in the antioxidant test of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging action in the antioxidant experiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the effect of the Capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract on lipid metabolism regulation in the animal experiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 shows the effect of the aqueous extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris in enhancing anti-inflammatory activity in the animal experiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 shows the effect of the present invention on the ratio of Dolichermaton to Bacteroides enteric in mice.
FIG. 8 shows the effect of the present invention on the regulation of Peptosphaeria species in the intestinal tract of mice.
FIG. 9 shows the effect of the present invention on the prevention of liver damage in mice.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The extraction process of the shepherd's purse water extract is optimized, so that the extraction rate is maximized; analyzing the composition of the shepherd's purse water extract, and calculating the content of main substances; and (3) evaluating the biological function of the shepherd's purse water extract by using a white mouse animal experiment.
The specific preparation method of the multifunctional shepherd's purse aqueous extract solid beverage of the invention is as follows:
(1) collecting freshly collected shepherd's purse leaves, spreading out, and naturally air drying;
(2) crushing the dried shepherd's purse leaves obtained in the step (1) by using a superfine crusher to obtain shepherd's purse powder;
(3) accurately weighing the shepherd's purse powder obtained in the step (2);
(4) adding the shepherd's purse powder weighed in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, wherein the proportion of the shepherd's purse powder to water is 1g (3-5) mL;
(5) putting the round-bottom flask filled with the shepherd's purse powder in the step (4) into a water bath at the temperature of 75-90 ℃, and performing ultrasonic-assisted reflux extraction for 45-60 min; the ultrasonic power is 200-400W;
(6) filtering the shepherd's purse water solution extracted in the step (5) to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
(7) repeating the step (5) on the filter residue obtained in the step (6) for reflux extraction;
(8) repeating the steps (6) and (7) and combining the obtained filtrates;
(9) carrying out rotary evaporation on the filtrate combined in the step (8) to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution;
(10) putting the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution in the step (9) into a culture dish, sealing the culture dish by using a sealing film, and putting the culture dish into a refrigerator for freezing overnight;
(11) putting the frozen capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution obtained in the step (10) and a culture dish into a freeze dryer together, and freeze-drying for 18-24 hours;
(12) collecting the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder which is freeze-dried in the step (11) to obtain the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage;
when in use, the shepherd's purse water extract powder is soaked in boiling water, stirred and can be drunk.
The dried shepherd's purse is fully crushed into powder by a crusher, which is beneficial to increasing the contact area of the shepherd's purse powder and the extraction solvent water and increasing the extraction rate. The method of repeated extraction by high-temperature reflux can fully release water-soluble active substances in the capsella bursa-pastoris, thereby realizing various biological activities and health care functions of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract; the capsella bursa-pastoris is taken as a raw material to extract the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract, ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction is utilized, and a freeze drying method is adopted, so that the loss of polyphenol and flavonoid in the capsella bursa-pastoris in further processing is effectively avoided. Fully stirring the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution, and freeze-drying to prepare instant beverage powder with instant property and multiple physiological activities.
The multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage has the functions of resisting oxidation, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat, resisting inflammation, regulating intestinal flora balance and protecting liver health, can be directly taken as functional health-care food, and can also be prepared into health-care food in the dosage forms of capsules, tablets, oral liquid and the like by adopting other methods.
The preparation method of the capsule of the invention comprises the following steps: the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is prepared into capsules by a conventional capsule preparation method, and the carrier is a conventional medicinal capsule carrier, and each capsule is 0.15g to 0.25 g. The capsule has the usage and dosage as follows: 3 times a day, 3-5 granules each time.
The preparation method of the tablet comprises the following steps: the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is prepared into tablets according to a conventional tabletting method, and the auxiliary materials are conventional pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials (such as starch, magnesium stearate, dextrin and the like) and are 0.25g to 0.5g per tablet. The usage and dosage of the tablet are as follows: 3 times daily, 3-5 tablets each time.
The preparation method of the oral liquid comprises the following steps: the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is redissolved by distilled water, homogenized under high pressure, filtered, and added with pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary components (such as flavoring agents) according to a conventional oral liquid preparation method to prepare the oral liquid, wherein each bottle contains 10mL of the oral liquid. The oral liquid has the usage and dosage as follows: 3 times daily, 1-2 bottles each time.
Example 1
The invention adopts shepherd's purse, also called shepherd's purse, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
collecting fresh shepherd's purse leaves, spreading out, naturally air-drying, crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain shepherd's purse powder, accurately weighing the shepherd's purse powder, adding the weighed shepherd's purse powder into a round-bottom flask, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1g:5 mL; putting the round-bottom flask filled with the shepherd's purse powder into a water bath at 100 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted heating reflux extraction for 1h, wherein the ultrasonic power is 200W, and the heating reflux extraction temperature is 75 ℃; filtering the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous solution after extraction is finished to obtain filtrate and filter residue; repeatedly carrying out reflux extraction on the obtained filter residue; combining the obtained filtrates; carrying out rotary evaporation on the filtrate to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution; placing the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution into a culture dish, sealing the culture dish by using a sealing film, and placing the culture dish into a refrigerator for freezing overnight; putting the frozen capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution and a culture dish into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 24 hours; the freeze-dried capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is obtained, and the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage is obtained.
In this embodiment, the water-bath high-temperature reflux extraction method is adopted, the extraction rate of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract is 13.12%, and the polyphenol content of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract measured by a folin phenol colorimetric method is 19.80mg GAE g-1The content of total flavone measured by rutin as standard is 7.82mg RE g-1The total sugar content of polysaccharide in the shepherd's purse determined by a phenol-sulfuric acid method is 107.95mgGlu g-1The protein content in the shepherd's purse aqueous extract measured by Kjeldahl method is 25.39 mgN/g.
The invention adopts HPLC technologyAnalyzing the polysaccharide composition of the shepherd's purse extract, and performing gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid and methanol as mobile phases at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min-1The detection wavelength is 280nm, and the column temperature is 30 ℃. The monosaccharide composition of the shepherd's purse water extract polysaccharide component is determined by an HPLC-UV detection technology, the elution curve is shown in figure 1, the analysis result of related data is shown in table 1, and the figure 1 shows that 6 monosaccharide standards and a shepherd's purse polysaccharide sample can be kept with good baseline separation within 40 min. The monosaccharide composition in the shepherd's purse water extract polysaccharide can be determined by comparing the retention time of monosaccharide standard products in the elution curve, and the molar percentage of each monosaccharide in the polysaccharide sample can be calculated according to the peak area of each elution peak, wherein the mannose accounts for 1.11%, the ribose accounts for 3.22%, the rhamnose accounts for 4.93%, the glucose accounts for 80.72%, the xylose accounts for 4.88%, and the galactose accounts for 5.14%.
TABLE 1 Capsella bursa-pastoris polysaccharide monosaccharide composition and corresponding molar percentage
The preparation method of the tablet comprises the following steps: the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid particles are prepared into tablets according to a conventional tabletting method, and the auxiliary materials are conventional pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials (such as starch, magnesium stearate, dextrin and the like) and each tablet is 0.25g to 0.5 g. The usage and dosage of the tablet are as follows: 3 times daily, 3-5 tablets each time.
The preparation method of the oral liquid comprises the following steps: the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is redissolved by distilled water, homogenized under high pressure, filtered, and added with pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary components (such as flavoring agents) according to a conventional oral liquid preparation method to prepare the oral liquid, wherein each bottle contains 10mL of the oral liquid. The oral liquid has the usage and dosage as follows: 3 times daily, 1-2 bottles each time.
The capsella bursa-pastoris blood sugar reducing functional tablet: adding appropriate amount of distilled water into starch as excipient, stirring herba Capsellae powder and starch with a stirrer, tabletting with a tabletting machine, and drying. Wherein the ratio (mL) of the shepherd's purse powder (g), the starch (g) and the water is 1:1:0.5, namely each piece contains 50 percent of the shepherd's purse powder, namely 1 g.
Preparing a shepherd's purse functional oral liquid: firstly, accurately weighing shepherd's purse powder, then adding distilled water and a flavoring agent glucose according to a proportion, stirring for redissolving, then filtering, and finally bottling and sealing according to the specification of 10mL per bottle. Wherein the ratio of the capsella bursa-pastoris powder (g), the glucose (g) and the distilled water (mL) is 1:0.2:8.8, namely each bottle of oral liquid contains 10 percent of capsella bursa-pastoris powder and 1 g.
Preparing a capsella bursa-pastoris functional capsule: food-grade gelatin and stainless steel capsule molds were purchased and the gelatin was melted to form a gelatin film on the stainless steel mold. The gelatin film then dries and hardens to form a capsule cap having a capsule body and a capsule body with a larger diameter, and is removed from the mold. Then 1g of shepherd's purse powder is filled into the capsule body, and finally the capsule cap is covered. Wherein the weight ratio of the shepherd's purse powder (g) to the capsule is 1:0.1, and the content of the shepherd's purse water extract is 91%.
Example 2
The invention adopts shepherd's purse, also called shepherd's purse, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
collecting fresh shepherd's purse leaves, spreading out, naturally air-drying, crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain shepherd's purse powder, accurately weighing the shepherd's purse powder, adding the weighed shepherd's purse powder into a round-bottom flask, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1g:3 mL; putting the round-bottom flask filled with the shepherd's purse powder into a water bath, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted heating reflux extraction for 45min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 300W, and the heating reflux extraction temperature is 80 ℃; filtering the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous solution after extraction is finished to obtain filtrate and filter residue; repeatedly carrying out reflux extraction on the obtained filter residue; combining the obtained filtrates; carrying out rotary evaporation on the filtrate to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution; placing the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution into a culture dish, sealing the culture dish by using a sealing film, and placing the culture dish into a refrigerator for freezing overnight; putting the frozen capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution and a culture dish into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 18 h; the freeze-dried capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is obtained, and the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage is obtained.
In the embodiment, the water bath high-temperature reflux extraction method is adopted, the extraction rate of the shepherd's purse aqueous extract is 12.35%, and the shepherd's purse aqueous extract is measured by adopting a folinic phenol colorimetric methodThe polyphenol content of (A) is 19.12mg GAE g-1The content of total flavone measured by using rutin as standard substance is 8.01mg RE g-1The total sugar content of polysaccharide in the shepherd's purse measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method is 105.63mgGlu g-1The protein content in the shepherd's purse aqueous extract measured by Kjeldahl method is 24.32 mgN/g.
Example 3
The invention adopts shepherd's purse, also called shepherd's purse, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
collecting fresh shepherd's purse leaves, spreading out, naturally air-drying, crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain shepherd's purse powder, accurately weighing the shepherd's purse powder, adding the weighed shepherd's purse powder into a round-bottom flask, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1g:4 mL; putting the round-bottom flask filled with the shepherd's purse powder into a water bath, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted heating reflux extraction for 50min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the heating reflux extraction temperature is 85 ℃; filtering the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous solution after extraction is finished to obtain filtrate and filter residue; repeatedly carrying out reflux extraction on the obtained filter residue; combining the obtained filtrates; carrying out rotary evaporation on the filtrate to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution; placing the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution into a culture dish, sealing the culture dish by using a sealing film, and placing the culture dish into a refrigerator for freezing overnight; putting the frozen capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution and a culture dish into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 20 hours; the freeze-dried capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is obtained, and the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage is obtained.
In this embodiment, the water-bath high-temperature reflux extraction method is adopted, the extraction rate of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract is 12.35%, and the polyphenol content of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract measured by a folin phenol colorimetric method is 20.79mg GAE g-1The content of total flavone measured by using rutin as standard substance is 8.81mg RE g-1The total sugar content of polysaccharide in the shepherd's purse measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method is 109.23mgGlu g-1The protein content in the shepherd's purse aqueous extract measured by Kjeldahl method is 26.11 mgN/g.
Example 4
The invention adopts shepherd's purse, also called shepherd's purse, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
collecting fresh shepherd's purse leaves, spreading out, naturally air-drying, crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain shepherd's purse powder, accurately weighing the shepherd's purse powder, adding the weighed shepherd's purse powder into a round-bottom flask, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1g:3.5 mL; putting the round-bottom flask filled with the shepherd's purse powder into a water bath, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted heating reflux extraction for 54min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 250W, and the heating reflux extraction temperature is 90 ℃; filtering the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous solution after extraction is finished to obtain filtrate and filter residue; repeatedly carrying out reflux extraction on the obtained filter residue; combining the obtained filtrates; carrying out rotary evaporation on the filtrate to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution; placing the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution into a culture dish, sealing the culture dish by using a sealing film, and placing the culture dish into a refrigerator for freezing overnight; putting the frozen capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution and a culture dish into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 22 hours; the freeze-dried capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is obtained, and the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage is obtained.
In this embodiment, the water-bath high-temperature reflux extraction method is adopted, the extraction rate of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract is 14.66%, and the polyphenol content of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract measured by a folin phenol colorimetric method is 19.83mg GAE g-1The content of total flavone measured by using rutin as standard substance is 8.38mg RE g-1The total sugar content of polysaccharide in the shepherd's purse measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method is 105.32mgGlu g-1The protein content in the shepherd's purse aqueous extract measured by Kjeldahl method is 26.77 mgN/g.
Example 5
The invention adopts shepherd's purse, also called shepherd's purse, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
collecting fresh shepherd's purse leaves, spreading out, naturally air-drying, crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain shepherd's purse powder, accurately weighing the shepherd's purse powder, adding the weighed shepherd's purse powder into a round-bottom flask, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1g:4.5 mL; putting the round-bottom flask filled with the shepherd's purse powder into a water bath, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted heating reflux extraction for 60min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 350W, and the heating reflux extraction temperature is 80 ℃; filtering the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous solution after extraction is finished to obtain filtrate and filter residue; repeatedly carrying out reflux extraction on the obtained filter residue; combining the obtained filtrates; carrying out rotary evaporation on the filtrate to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution; placing the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution into a culture dish, sealing the culture dish by using a sealing film, and placing the culture dish into a refrigerator for freezing overnight; putting the frozen capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution and a culture dish into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 24 hours; the freeze-dried capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract freeze-dried powder is obtained, and the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage is obtained.
In this embodiment, the water-bath high-temperature reflux extraction method is adopted, the extraction rate of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract is 14.10%, and the polyphenol content of the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract measured by a folin phenol colorimetric method is 20.56mg GAE g-1The content of total flavone measured by rutin as standard substance is 8.33mg RE g-1The total sugar content of polysaccharide in the shepherd's purse measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method is 107.36mgGlu g-1The content of protein in the shepherd's purse aqueous extract measured by Kjeldahl method is 26.10 mgN/g.
In order to confirm the functions of the shepherd's purse water extract, the invention carries out animal experiments, and researches on the functions of reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat, resisting oxidation, regulating intestinal flora and protecting liver of the shepherd's purse water extract.
First, hypoglycemic test
The 40 healthy male Kunming mice are divided into a normal group, a model group, a low-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-group, a medium-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-group and a high-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-group by 8 mice in each group. The mice of 5 groups are fed normally, the normal group drinks water normally, the other four groups drink fructose water with the mass concentration of 30% every day, the mice of the low-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry preparation group, the medium-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry preparation group and the high-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry preparation group are respectively fed with the camelina sativa water extract of the example 1 with 50 mg/kg-bw, 100 mg/kg-bw and 200 mg/kg-bw every day, and after the mice are continuously fed for 8 weeks, the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is adopted to evaluate the blood sugar reduction effect of the camelina sativa water extract. Prior to testing the OGTT, the white mice tested were fasted overnight. On the day of testing, the OGTT test was performed by gavaging test white mice with glucose (2g/kg body weight) and tail blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120min and blood glucose levels were measured with a glucometer. Fig. 2A shows that the OGTT results show that the blood sugar of the model group is significantly increased compared with the blood sugar of the normal group, the blood sugar of the normal group is substantially recovered to the fasting blood sugar level after 120min, but the blood sugar of the model group is maintained at a relatively high blood sugar level after 120min, and the blood sugar of the low-dose camelina sativa water extraction pre-treatment group, the medium-dose camelina sativa water extraction pre-treatment group and the high-dose camelina sativa water extraction intervention group is higher than the blood sugar of the normal group, but lower than the model group, and the higher the dose is, the lower the blood sugar is, which indicates that the hyperglycemia of the rats fed with high sugar after the camelina sativa water extract intervention of the invention for 8 weeks is significantly improved, and the effect of reducing.
Second, antioxidation test
The capsella bursa-pastoris water extract freeze-dried powder in the embodiment 1 of the invention is re-dissolved by deionized water to prepare sample diluents with different concentrations. The total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power of the shepherd's purse water extract and the effects of removing DPPH and ABTS free radicals are evaluated by using an in vitro experiment, the experiment is carried out in a test tube, distilled water is used as a negative blank control, common vitamin C with antioxidant capacity is used as a positive control, and the determination results are shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4. Therefore, the shepherd's purse water extract has good antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity.
Third, experiments on reducing blood lipid
The 40 healthy male Kunming mice are randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a low-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-treatment group, a medium-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-treatment group and a high-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-treatment group by 8 mice in each group. The mice of 5 groups were fed normally, the normal group was fed with water, the other four groups were fed with fructose solution with a mass concentration of 30% per day, the mice of the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose water extraction dry pre-groups of camelina sativa were fed with the camelina sativa water extracts of example 1 at 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, bw and 200mg/kg, bw respectively per day, and after continuously feeding for 8 weeks, the mice were sacrificed to obtain blood of the mice. Serum of each group of mice was obtained by centrifugation at 3000g for 10 min. And (3) determining the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum of the white mouse to show the blood fat reducing capability of the shepherd's purse water extract. As shown in fig. 5, the data show that when mice were exposed to a high-sugar diet for a long time, the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum of the model group were significantly increased compared to those of the normal group of mice, causing a severe hyperlipidemic condition to occur. Interestingly, when the camelina sativa aqueous extract is used for intervening the high-sugar diet mice, the total cholesterol and triglyceride of the serum of the low-dose camelina sativa aqueous extraction dry pre-treatment group, the medium-dose camelina sativa aqueous extraction dry pre-treatment group and the high-dose camelina sativa aqueous extraction intervening group are all reduced compared with those of the model group, namely the hyperlipidemia phenomenon of the high-sugar diet mice in the camelina sativa aqueous extraction dry pre-treatment group is remarkably improved, and the camelina sativa aqueous extract has a strong blood fat reducing effect.
Fourth, anti-inflammatory experiment
The 40 healthy male Kunming mice are randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a low-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-treatment group, a medium-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-treatment group and a high-dose camelina sativa water extraction dry pre-treatment group by 8 mice in each group. The mice of 5 groups were fed normally, the normal group was fed with water, the other four groups were fed with fructose solution with a mass concentration of 30% per day, the mice of the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose water extraction dry pre-groups of camelina sativa were fed with the camelina sativa water extracts of example 1 at 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, bw and 200mg/kg, bw respectively per day, and after continuously feeding for 8 weeks, the mice were sacrificed to obtain a sample of the liver of the mice. The liver sample is weighed, homogenized and centrifuged to obtain the supernatant of the liver homogenate. The inflammatory factors interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the liver of the mouse are measured. As shown in fig. 6, the data show that inflammation of the liver in mice occurs as a result of a long-term fructose diet. However, when the shepherd's purse aqueous extract is perfused into the high-sugar mice, the liver inflammation of the mice is obviously reduced compared with the model group, which indicates that the shepherd's purse aqueous extract has stronger anti-inflammatory action.
Evaluation test of intestinal flora
The 40 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract treatment group (low dose group 50mg/kg · bw, medium dose group 100mg/kg · bw and high dose group 200mg/kg · bw) at 8 mice per group. The mice in the normal group are administrated with sterile water every day, the model group is administrated with 30% of sterile fructose water, the shepherd's purse processing group is administrated with the sterile water solution of the shepherd's purse water extract in the example 1 at 9:00 a day except that the sterile fructose water is administrated, the gavage volume of the mice in white is 0.4mL/kg · bw, and the gavage is continuously administrated for 56 days. On day 56, mice were sacrificed, and the cecal contents of the mice were taken and used for the determination of the composition and abundance of intestinal flora by 16S rRNA high-throughput genome microbial sequencing method. From fig. 7, it can be seen that the shepherd's purse aqueous extract can significantly improve bacteroides at the intestinal phylum level and reduce the abundance of firmicutes, and particularly, the shepherd's purse aqueous extract can dose-dependently reduce the ratio of intestinal firmicutes to bacteroides, and from fig. 8, administration of the shepherd's purse aqueous extract to mice can effectively increase bacteroides at the genus level and reduce the levels of helicobacter pylori and Blautia bacteria at the genus level. The results show that the invention can effectively improve the balance of intestinal flora and promote the health of intestinal tracts.
Sixth, evaluation test of liver protection effect
40 healthy male Kunming mice are randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and a capsella bursa-pastoris water extraction drying group (low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose drying groups), and each group comprises 8 mice. The mice in 5 groups were fed normally, the normal group was fed with water, the other four groups were fed with fructose solution with a mass concentration of 30% per day, the mice in the pre-dried group were fed with the camelina sativa water extracts of example 1 at 50mg/kg · bw, 100mg/kg · bw and 200mg/kg · bw, respectively, at low dose, medium dose and high dose, and after feeding for 8 weeks, the mice were sacrificed to obtain livers. The liver is weighed, homogenized and centrifuged to obtain a physiological saline solution of the liver. The biochemical kit is used for measuring the level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) which indicate the most effective degree of liver injury. The experimental result shows (fig. 9) that liver injury caused by long-term drinking of high-concentration fructose water can be effectively relieved by supplementing the shepherd's purse water extract, and the liver protection effect is more obvious along with the increase of the concentration of the shepherd's purse water extract solution.
By combining the experimental results, the product has the effects of reducing blood sugar, resisting oxidation, resisting inflammation, balancing flora and protecting liver.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the multifunctional shepherd's purse aqueous extract solid beverage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pulverizing dried Capsella bursa-pastoris leaves to obtain Capsella bursa-pastoris powder;
(2) adding shepherd's purse powder into water, and performing ultrasonic-assisted heating reflux extraction;
(3) filtering after the extraction in the step (2) is finished to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
(4) concentrating the filtrate to obtain a capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution;
(5) and (3) freezing the capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract concentrated solution, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain the multifunctional capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage.
2. The preparation method of the camelina sativa aqueous extract solid beverage according to claim 1, wherein the pulverization in the step (1) is ultrafine pulverization.
3. The preparation method of the camelina sativa aqueous extract solid beverage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ultrasonic power is 200-400W, the temperature for heating reflux extraction is 75-90 ℃, and the time is 45-60 min.
4. The preparation method of the camelina sativa aqueous extract solid beverage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ratio of the camelina sativa powder to the water is 1g (3-5) mL.
5. The preparation method of the camelina sativa aqueous extract solid beverage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the obtained filter residue is subjected to heating reflux extraction and filtration repeatedly, and all filtrates are combined.
6. The preparation method of the camelina sativa aqueous extract solid beverage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the concentration is performed by rotary evaporation.
7. The preparation method of the camelina sativa aqueous extract solid beverage according to claim 1, wherein the freeze-drying time is 18-24 hours.
8. The capsella bursa-pastoris aqueous extract solid beverage prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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