CN108739156A - A kind of arid, semiarid zone silage corn high-yield planting method - Google Patents
A kind of arid, semiarid zone silage corn high-yield planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739156A CN108739156A CN201810634631.7A CN201810634631A CN108739156A CN 108739156 A CN108739156 A CN 108739156A CN 201810634631 A CN201810634631 A CN 201810634631A CN 108739156 A CN108739156 A CN 108739156A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of arid, the silage corn high-yield planting methods of semiarid zone, belong to technical field of agricultural cultivation.The implantation methods include selection of land site preparation, seed treatment, determine cave plantation, irrigate, six big step of top dressing and field management, it is used in combination using the base fertilizer and top dressing of special formulation, it is combined simultaneously with by the way of drip irrigation technique and the sowing plantation of special taper type nutritive cube, specific nutrient matrix is matched with rich water in nutritive cube, improve the soil texture in soil, the retain water and nutrients ability of soil is enhanced, utilization rate of fertilizer improves.For silage corn protein content, fresh biological yield, dry biological yield that the implantation methods of the present invention are cultivated etc. obviously higher than general planting method, Feeding value is high, has a wide range of applications promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of silage corn, specifically a kind of arid, semiarid zone ensiling
The high-yield planting method of corn.
Background technology
Though China is large agricultural country, compared with developed countries, animal husbandry development falls behind relatively, restricts animal husbandry development
One of the main reasons is that high quality grass material is insufficient, and especially northern cold season fodder grass shortage will solve northern China cold season
Domestic animal forage grass there is a serious shortage of situation, the threat withstood natural calamities, it is necessary to greatly develop artificial growth forage grass and feed, and carry out
A large amount of ensilings, in case being used when winter feed deficiency.Silage corn feed nutritive value is perfect, and palatability is good, easy to digest, meets
The nutritional need of ruminant winter-spring season makes domestic animal keep high-caliber nutritional status and production level throughout the year.
Development silage corn can efficiently solve the grain feeding land conflict problem that stalk crosses abdomen returning to the field and Agro-grazing ecotone, solve real
Row cattle and sheep stable breeding, mitigation overgraze, the ecological problems such as deterioration of grasslands.Development silage corn may additionally facilitate agricultural planting structure tune
It is whole, peasants and herdsmen's income is increased substantially, realizes grain, feeding, the combination through ternary structural, is given birth to for development " two high one is excellent " feed
A new approach has been broken in production, and positive facilitation is played to Animal husbandry production, to realizing that agricultural is increased from scalar type to excellent
Matter efficient transition has great significance.Thus, silage corn is increasingly by the extensive research and concern of people, and demand is increasingly
Greatly, cultivated area is also constantly expanding.
Annual precipitation is usually known as arid biogeographic zone, ground of the annual precipitation between 200-500mm in the areas below 200mm
Area is known as semiarid region.Under normal conditions, realize that the high-yield planting of crop is to compare to be difficult to reality in arid or semiarid zone
Existing.And silage corn plant height itself is also larger, it is also larger to the demand of rich water in planting process.Thus, how dry
Drought and semiarid zone realize that the high-yield planting of silage corn is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Invention content
For problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of arid, the height of semiarid zone silage corn
Produce implantation methods.
The present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of arid, semiarid zone silage corn high-yield planting method, it includes the following steps：
（1）Selection of land, site preparation：Annual precipitation is chosen in the soil of 200 ~ 500mm as planting site, soil is ploughed deeply, is smooth,
Long ridge is beaten, the wheat stalk of crushing is ploughed under into Tanaka when ploughing deeply, per acre 100 ~ 120kg of dosage；Before beating ridge, used sufficient into soil
Base fertilizer；20 ~ 30cm of ridge face width, the high 20 ~ 40cm in ridge, ridge spacing are 50 ~ 80cm；
（2）Seed treatment：It chooses Silage Maize varieties Zheng ensiling 1 and is used as varieties of plant, first fully soak corn seed, so
After composite bacterium powder is sprinkled into wherein abundant seed dressing stirring afterwards, every the surface of the seed is made all to be stained with composite bacterium powder；
（3）Determine cave plantation：Special nutritive cube is chosen, bowl depth is 15-30cm, and nutritive cube bottom spreads a layer thickness in 5-20cm
Then the clinker of thickness fills up matrix, by step on clinker top（2）In corn seed 2-3 handled well plant into filling up base
In the nutritive cube of matter, cave is then dug in field, the depth in cave is greater than nutritive cube depth, and nutritive cube is integrally embedded in cave,
The mode of one alms bowl of a cave is taken to enter maize seed in field, cave spacing is 20 ~ 40cm；
（4）It irrigates：Water is applied in after planting carrying out a trickle irrigation immediately, it is 200-300mm to apply water, later according to silage corn
Growing state and soil drought situation trickle irrigation 1 ~ 2 time, apply water in 100 ~ 200mm every time；
（5）Top dressing：Primary in jointing stage top dressing, 10-15kg/ mus of urea is applied in top dressing；
（6）Field management：Including weeding, thinning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control with general field management.
Preferably, the step（1）In base fertilizer used be sheep manure barnyard manure, inorganic composite fertilizer and zinc sulfate be used in mixed way,
1000kg/ mus of middle sheep manure barnyard manure, 25kg/ mus of inorganic composite fertilizer, 3-8kg/ mus of zinc sulfate；N-P in the inorganic composite fertilizer2O5-
K2O is 15-15-15.
Preferably, the step（2）Middle composite bacterium powder is prepared using following methods：By Rhodopseudomonas palustris
It after being activated with trichoderma harzianum cultivates 15-20 hours at 28 DEG C in liquid seed culture medium respectively, is then connect according to 15 ‰
Kind amount is transferred in sterilized big tank culture medium, after being cultivated 15 hours at 32 DEG C, by each strain according to mass ratio 3:Freeze after 1 compounding
Do into powder to obtain the final product.
The liquid seed culture medium is that mass ratio is 10：3：5：5：15：1000 peptone, beef extract, glucose, chlorine
Change sodium, agar, sterile water；It is 200 that the big tank culture medium, which is mass ratio,：10：150：350：100：10：2000 peptone,
Beef extract, sucrose, corn flour, starch, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sterile water；The pH of the liquid seed culture medium and big tank culture medium
It is 7.3.
Preferably, the step（3）Middle nutritive cube is taper type container, is pressed into using plant fiber and binder
Type；Nutritive cube lower half side wall is equipped with several circular holes.
The plant fiber is wheat stalk or rice straw.
Preferably, the step（3）Mesostroma is bentonite：Polyacrylamide：Wood sawdust：Clay is according to 5：1：3：2
Weight ratio is made.
Silage corn nutritive value and biological yield are higher, are that the livestock products such as milk, meat produce important roughage
Source.High-quality Silage Maize varieties should have protein content height, dry matter production height, energy ingredient content height, absorptivity height etc.
Feature, and the close relations such as these features and variety type, cultivation technique, planting area.Yield and quality is that evaluation is green
The leading indicator of corn variety quality is store, and cultivation step is to improve yield, the non-genetic force key factor of improving quality.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1）The present invention uses rational planting density and implantation methods, and silage corn is made to exist
Arid area and semiarid zone realize the plantation of high yield high-quality.2）The present invention is to further increase silage corn yield and product
Matter uses specific composite bacteria agent Dressing so that treated, and silage corn can be to reduce pest and disease damage while good quality and high output
Occur.3）The present invention is used in combination by the way of the base fertilizer of special formulation, top dressing and straw-returning, at the same with using drip irrigation technique
It being combined with the mode of special taper type nutritive cube sowing plantation, specific nutrient matrix is matched with rich water in nutritive cube,
The soil texture in soil is improved, the retain water and nutrients ability of soil is enhanced, fertilizer and efficiency of water application improve.4）This hair
Silage corn protein content, fresh biological yield, dry biological yield that bright implantation methods are cultivated etc. are obviously higher than routine
Implantation methods, Feeding value is high, has a wide range of applications promotional value.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
2015, a piece of soil of the Shandong Province Lijin County compared with arid area was chosen as silage corn planting experiment field, Yu Chun
Sow summer harvest season, this area's mean annual precipitation in 2015 is 450mm or so.Experimental plot is divided into 6 pieces, every piece of area
50m2, and number is No. 1-6 respectively, wherein the experimental plots 1-3 are that 3 repetitions of implantation methods of the present invention are tested, and No. 4-6 is to pass
3 repetitions of system implantation methods are tested, and are tested as a comparison with traditional bunch planting implantation methods, planting density and the method for the present invention phase
Together, other field management measures are conventional method.
The specific implantation methods of the present invention are as follows：
（1）Selection of land, site preparation：Annual precipitation is chosen in the soil of 200 ~ 500mm as planting site, soil is ploughed deeply, is smooth,
Long ridge is beaten, the wheat stalk of crushing is ploughed under into Tanaka when ploughing deeply, per acre 100 ~ 120kg of dosage；Before beating ridge, used sufficient into soil
Base fertilizer；20 ~ 30cm of ridge face width, the high 20 ~ 40cm in ridge, ridge spacing are 50 ~ 80cm；Base fertilizer used is sheep manure barnyard manure, inorganic composite fertilizer
It is used in mixed way with zinc sulfate, wherein sheep manure barnyard manure 1000kg/ mus, 25kg/ mus of inorganic composite fertilizer, 3-8kg/ mus of zinc sulfate；It is described
N-P in inorganic composite fertilizer2O5-K2O is 15-15-15.
（2）Seed treatment：It chooses Silage Maize varieties Zheng ensiling 1 and is used as varieties of plant, first fully soak corn seed
It is wet, after composite bacterium powder is then sprinkled into wherein abundant seed dressing stirring, every the surface of the seed is made all to be stained with composite bacterium powder；It is described compound
Bacterium powder is prepared using following methods：Respectively in liquid seeds after Rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma harzianum are activated
It cultivates 15-20 hours, is then transferred in sterilized big tank culture medium according to 15 ‰ inoculum concentration, 32 at 28 DEG C in culture medium
DEG C culture 15 hours after, by each strain according to mass ratio 3:Powder is lyophilized into after 1 compounding to obtain the final product；The wherein described liquid seed culture medium
It is 10 for mass ratio：3：5：5：15：1000 peptone, beef extract, glucose, sodium chloride, agar, sterile water；The big tank
Culture medium is that mass ratio is 200：10：150：350：100：10：2000 peptone, beef extract, sucrose, corn flour, starch, phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium and sterile water；The pH of the liquid seed culture medium and big tank culture medium is 7.3.
（3）Determine cave plantation：Special nutritive cube is chosen, bowl depth is 15-30cm, and nutritive cube bottom spreads a layer thickness in 5-
Then the clinker of 20cm thickness fills up matrix, by step on clinker top（2）In corn seed 2-3 handled well plant into filling out
In the nutritive cube of full matrix, cave is then dug in field, the depth in cave is greater than nutritive cube depth, nutritive cube is integrally embedded to cave
In, it then proceedes to beat ridge, the mode of one alms bowl of a cave is taken to enter maize seed in field, cave spacing is 20 ~ 40cm；Nutrition used
Alms bowl is taper type container, is using wheat stalk or rice straw and binder compression moulding；Nutritive cube lower half side wall
It is equipped with several circular holes.Matrix in nutritive cube is bentonite：Polyacrylamide：Wood sawdust：Clay is according to 5：1：3：2 weight
Than being made.
（4）It irrigates：Water is applied in after planting carrying out a trickle irrigation immediately, it is 200-300mm to apply water, later according to ensiling jade
The growing state and soil drought situation trickle irrigation 1 ~ 2 time of rice, apply water in 100 ~ 200mm every time；
（5）Top dressing：Primary in jointing stage top dressing, 10-15kg/ mus of urea is applied in top dressing；
（6）Field management：Including weeding, thinning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control with general field management.
All products for harvesting above-mentioned test group carry out output statistics, while each test group chooses representative plant
10 plants measure plant height, plant greenery number.3 plants of representative plant is selected to be sampled when harvest, chopping mixing claims 1.00 kg
Fresh weight is finished at 105 DEG C after 30 min, and at 65 DEG C, drying to constant weight, be crushed the spare nutritional quality of making of 0.45 mm sieves and is divided
Analysis.Thick protein (CP) content is measured using Micro-kjoldahl method, crude fat is measured using remaining method（EE）Content.Choosing
It takes 3 rows among each test group to harvest and surveys fresh biological yield, dry biological yield is converted to further according to sample moisture content, with average
It analyzes and counts.Each specific statistical result of test group is as shown in table 1.
1 silage corn yield and quality statistical result of the present invention of table
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| Total output（kg） | 223.6 | 218.6 | 232.3 | 176.5 | 158.6 | 169.3 |
| Plant height（m） | 2.86 | 2.73 | 2.68 | 1.95 | 1.99 | 1.98 |
| Plant greenery number | 14.5 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 10.2 |
| Fresh biological yield（Kg/ mus） | 4325 | 3845 | 4026 | 3410 | 3230 | 3120 |
| Dry biological yield（Kg/ mus） | 1340 | 1335 | 1369 | 988 | 969 | 991 |
| Crude protein content（%） | 11.31 | 12.95 | 11.92 | 8.14 | 7.85 | 7.64 |
| Crude fat content（%） | 5.33 | 5.52 | 5.12 | 4.38 | 4.79 | 4.99 |
Can be seen that from the content of above-mentioned table 1 silage corn that the 1-3 group processing groups planted using the method for the present invention are harvested without
By be yield or plant height, dry biological yield, crude protein content etc. be all significantly higher than traditional cultivation method processing 4-6 groups, this
It is to keep silage corn real in arid area and semiarid zone since present invention employs rational planting density and implantation methods
The plantation of high yield high-quality is showed.It is well known that rational cultivation step is to improve silage corn nutritional quality and feeding value
Non-genetic factor, nutritional quality and feeding value height have inseparable relationship with fertilising and implantation methods etc..This hair
The bright plantation that arid and semi-arid lands's silage corn is realized using best implantation methods, using special nutritive cube and spy
The mode for determining nutrient matrix cooperation, enhances the preservation capacity of water and fertility of soil, in addition reasonably applying base fertilizer and top dressing measure so that green
Storage corn realizes high-yield planting, and the silage corn Feeding value obtained is higher, is significantly better than traditional cultivation method, thus has
Have a wide range of application value.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of arid, the high-yield planting method of semiarid zone silage corn, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps：
（1）Selection of land, site preparation：Annual precipitation is chosen in the soil of 200 ~ 500mm as planting site, soil is ploughed deeply, is smooth,
Long ridge is beaten, the wheat stalk of crushing is ploughed under into Tanaka when ploughing deeply, per acre 100 ~ 120kg of dosage；Before beating ridge, used sufficient into soil
Base fertilizer；20 ~ 30cm of ridge face width, the high 20 ~ 40cm in ridge, ridge spacing are 50 ~ 80cm；
（2）Seed treatment：It chooses Silage Maize varieties Zheng ensiling 1 and is used as varieties of plant, first fully soak corn seed, so
After composite bacterium powder is sprinkled into wherein abundant seed dressing stirring afterwards, every the surface of the seed is made all to be stained with composite bacterium powder；
（3）Determine cave plantation：Special nutritive cube is chosen, bowl depth is 15-30cm, and nutritive cube bottom spreads a layer thickness in 5-20cm
Then the clinker of thickness fills up matrix, by step on clinker top（2）In corn seed 2-3 handled well plant into filling up base
In the nutritive cube of matter, cave is then dug in field, the depth in cave is greater than nutritive cube depth, and nutritive cube is integrally embedded in cave,
The mode of one alms bowl of a cave is taken to enter maize seed in field, cave spacing is 20 ~ 40cm；
（4）It irrigates：Water is applied in after planting carrying out a trickle irrigation immediately, it is 200-300mm to apply water, later according to silage corn
Growing state and soil drought situation trickle irrigation 1 ~ 2 time, apply water in 100 ~ 200mm every time；
（5）Top dressing：Primary in jointing stage top dressing, 10-15kg/ mus of urea is applied in top dressing；
（6）Field management：Including weeding, thinning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control with general field management.
2. arid according to claim 1, the high-yield planting method of semiarid zone silage corn, which is characterized in that institute
State step（1）In base fertilizer used be sheep manure barnyard manure, inorganic composite fertilizer and zinc sulfate be used in mixed way, wherein sheep manure barnyard manure 1000kg/
Mu, 25kg/ mus of inorganic composite fertilizer, 3-8kg/ mus of zinc sulfate；N-P in the inorganic composite fertilizer2O5-K2O is 15-15-15.
3. arid according to claim 1, the high-yield planting method of semiarid zone silage corn, which is characterized in that institute
State step（2）Middle composite bacterium powder is prepared using following methods：Rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma harzianum are activated
It cultivates 15-20 hours, is then transferred to according to 15 ‰ inoculum concentration sterilized at 28 DEG C in liquid seed culture medium respectively afterwards
In big tank culture medium, after being cultivated 15 hours at 32 DEG C, by each strain according to mass ratio 3:Powder is lyophilized into after 1 compounding to obtain the final product.
4. arid according to claim 3, the high-yield planting method of semiarid zone silage corn, which is characterized in that institute
It is 10 that state liquid seed culture medium, which be mass ratio,：3：5：5：15：1000 peptone, beef extract, glucose, sodium chloride, agar,
Sterile water；It is 200 that the big tank culture medium, which is mass ratio,：10：150：350：100：10：2000 peptone, beef extract, sugarcane
Sugar, corn flour, starch, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sterile water；The pH of the liquid seed culture medium and big tank culture medium is 7.3.
5. arid according to claim 1, the high-yield planting method of semiarid zone silage corn, which is characterized in that institute
State step（3）Middle nutritive cube is taper type container, is to use plant fiber and binder compression moulding；The nutritive cube lower half
Side wall is equipped with several circular holes.
6. arid according to claim 5, the high-yield planting method of semiarid zone silage corn, which is characterized in that institute
It is wheat stalk or rice straw to state plant fiber.
7. arid according to claim 1, the high-yield planting method of semiarid zone silage corn, which is characterized in that institute
State step（3）Mesostroma is bentonite：Polyacrylamide：Wood sawdust：Clay is according to 5：1：3：2 weight ratio is made.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110679413A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-14 | 甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所(甘肃省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所) | High-yield planting method for silage corns in arid regions |
| CN111034555A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 珠海市农腾乐油植物科技有限公司 | Ultra-thin planting rape cultivation method based on middle rice stubble in-situ pot-making lossless planting technology |
| CN111183874A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | 永州市农业科学研究所 | Application of nutrient soil in corn planting |
| CN111183856A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | 永州市农业科学研究所 | Corn planting method |
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| CN111183874A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | 永州市农业科学研究所 | Application of nutrient soil in corn planting |
| CN111183856A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | 永州市农业科学研究所 | Corn planting method |
| CN110679413A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-14 | 甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所(甘肃省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所) | High-yield planting method for silage corns in arid regions |
| CN111034555A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 珠海市农腾乐油植物科技有限公司 | Ultra-thin planting rape cultivation method based on middle rice stubble in-situ pot-making lossless planting technology |
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