CN103858681A - Walnut grafting seedling raising method - Google Patents
Walnut grafting seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103858681A CN103858681A CN201410105374.XA CN201410105374A CN103858681A CN 103858681 A CN103858681 A CN 103858681A CN 201410105374 A CN201410105374 A CN 201410105374A CN 103858681 A CN103858681 A CN 103858681A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a walnut grafting seedling raising method. The method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a rootstock: selecting a seedling which is free from the pest and disease damage and mechanical damage, has developed side and fibrous root systems and the ground diameter of greater than or equal to 2.0cm; (2) transplanting the rootstock: after thawing the rootstock seedling in spring, transplanting the rootstock seedling into a grafting seedling land, earthing and compacting after the planting, watering, re-watering and compacting in two to three days, re-watering one weak later, and waiting the sprouting of the rootstock; (3) collecting and processing scion; (4) grafting time: grafting the planted rootstock which begins to sprout but the leaves are not unfolded; (5) grafting: grafting in a double-tongue grafting manner or a bark inserting manner; (6) managing the grafted seedling: removing a binder at the beginning of September after the interface of the grafted seedling is adequately healed and fixed, and completing the grafting. By adopting the walnut grafting seedling raising method, the influence of walnut bleeding on the grafting can be effectively solved, the walnut grafting survival rate can be increased, simplicity in operation can be realized, the operability is strong, and the quality of the good seedling is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Walnut is important dry fruit tree variety, and it is of high nutritive value, and has very high medical treatment and health-care effect, and supply falls short of demand for its dry fruit or processed goods, is subject to for a long time liking of people.China's walnut cultivation history is long, but because of walnut cuttage root-taking very difficult, tradition walnut cultivation breeding is because its bleeding is serious, tannin content is high, graft seedling growth survival rate is very low again, do not reach and produce actual requirement, therefore improved seeds breeding difficulty, traditional walnut garden is that seedling is built garden substantially, cause most of orchard result evening, yield poorly, fruit quality is uneven, not only have influence on the economic benefit at China's walnut plantation family, as the important exporting of China's tradition, its international market share is also had a strong impact on.For this reason, a large amount of discussions have been carried out to walnut grafting technology in all parts of the country, have occurred various grafting seedlings-growing methods, and stem grafting method is as cleft grafting, whip graft, slotting skin whip graft, cortex grafting, side grafting, cut-grafting, indoor scion grafting in winter; Budding method is if: T shape bud grafting, large square bud grafting, ring bud grafting, additive method are as seedling grafting, electric seed bed heater grafting etc., and apply wider is cortex grafting, grafting in winter and the method such as square bud grafting greatly.Because being subject to the impact of " bleeding ", in production, usually adopting when walnut scion grafting knife saw to carry out " discharging water " to stock processes, to reduce the impact of walnut " bleeding ", but because strength disposal is grasped bad, " discharge water " poor effect light, " discharge water " and seriously cause stock death, have a strong impact on improved variety of walnut grafting survival rate.Therefore, research and develop a kind of new walnut grafting method, there is important using value.Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, in order thoroughly to solve the problem of walnut grafting bleeding, the invention provides a kind of new walnut grafting method---stock is transplanted field grafting method, the walnut grafting seedling that utilizes this technology to cultivate has that survival rate is high, growth potential is strong, planting percent is high, seedling growth neat and consistent, the features such as well developed root system.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method, step is as follows:
(1) stock is selected: choose without damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage, and side, system of fibrous root prosperity, the seedling of leading thread >=2.0cm is made stock (seedling that does not reach index can be proceeded to cultivate to reach the requirement of stock);
(2) stock is transplanted: rootstock seedling is transplanted after thawing spring into grafting nursery lot, and earthing having peace of mind after field planting is watered permeablely, and the having peace of mind that rewaters after 2～3 days, waters after 1 week again, waits for that stock sprouts;
Further, described nursery lot ridging, rootstock seedling is planted on ridge, and seeding row spacing is 30cm × 60cm; When field planting, according to the field planting respectively of the rugosity of rootstock seedling, choose the scion of different thicknesses to facilitate and carry out grafting;
(3) collection of scion and processing: from the bearing tree of Walnut Cultivars to be grafted, gather the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown robust growth, sprout is full, tissue is substantial, without the developmental branch of damage by disease and insect; After scion gathers, in time scion is cut to the branch that is cut into long 50～60cm, cut after cutting and be bundled into bundle, after packing with plastic foil, put into 0～4 ℃ of preservation of low-temperature cold store, before grafting, take out, while cutting interposition fringe, top bud is full, scion is cut and is cut length 16cm left and right, has 2～3 full buds;
(4) grafting time: when field planting stock starts to sprout but do not open up leaf (Taian Shandong area for by the end of March to 4 month at the beginning of), carry out grafting;
(5) grafting: adopt the mode of two whip grafts or cortex grafting to carry out grafting, in grafting process, when cutting stock and scion, long 3～the 4cm of bevel, requires smoothly, requires to wrap scion with mulch film when grafting, wide 2cm, long 40cm plastic strip tighten for interface, make anvil fringe connect airtight both sides and form layer alignment, if when both sides formation layer can not align, scion must be leaned on stock alignment on one side;
(6) management of grafting:
1. smear debudding: grafting, after one week, starts stock sprout tillers to erase timely, and will repeatedly carry out, to promote grafting growth;
2. prevent that people and animals from endangering: cause interface dislocation or splitting for avoiding grafting to be collided, nursery forbids that people and animals enter and pass through; Careful when management, with anti-damage nursery stock;
3. rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest: for conventional walnut plantation fertilising and extermination of disease and insect pest management, repeat no more;
Particularly, after grafting survival, do not apply fertilizer in two weeks; When scion young sprout grows to 20cm when above, topdress in time, in vegetative period, topdress 3 times, carry out in June～July for the 1st, 2 times, open shallow ridges fertilising in seedling both sides, applying fertilizer is take instant nitrogenousfertilizer as main (as urea etc.), every 666.7m
2applying fertilizer consumption 10～15kg, at the beginning of 8 months, use for the 3rd time phosphorus, K composite fertilizer (as potassium dihydrogen phosphate) appropriate (as: at Taian district sandy loam, every 666.7m
2general fertilising consumption 40～50kg), according to circumstances blade spraying mass concentration is 0.3% simultaneously urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 7～10 days once (since June, to September); In addition, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time;
4. solution is tied up: after grafting interface fully heals firmly, remove in time bondage thing at the beginning of 9 months, be beneficial to seedling growth.
Walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, can effectively solve walnut bleeding grafting is impacted, and improves walnut grafting survival rate, has the following advantages:
1. adopt stock to transplant, prevent walnut bleeding, simple to operate, feasibility is strong.
2. when stock is transplanted, stock is carried out to classification, the stock that does not reach index can be proceeded to cultivate, and the whole graftings of nursery lot nursery stock, improve land utilization efficiency.
3. can be according to stock thickness, the stem grafting method (two whip grafts and cortex grafting) that choice for use is different, graft survival rate is high, and plant percent is in 85% left and right, Gao Keda 90%.
4. grafting time is spring, contrast bud grafting, and its growth time is long, and breeding nursery stock seedling quality is high, and one-level seedling, secondary seedling emergence rate are respectively in 40% left and right (one-level seedling: more than grafting height of seedling 1.0m, secondary seedling: more than 0.8m, well developed root system).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1 walnut grafting is grown seedlings
Method step is as follows:
A kind of walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method, step is as follows:
(1) stock is selected: choose without damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage, and side, system of fibrous root prosperity, the seedling of leading thread >=2.0cm is made stock (seedling that does not reach index is proceeded to cultivate to reach the requirement of stock);
(2) stock is transplanted: rootstock seedling is transplanted after thawing spring into grafting nursery lot, and earthing having peace of mind after field planting is watered permeablely, and the having peace of mind that rewaters after 3 days, waters after 1 week again, waits for that stock sprouts;
Nursery lot ridging, rootstock seedling is planted on ridge, and seeding row spacing is 30cm × 60cm; When field planting, according to the field planting respectively of the rugosity of rootstock seedling, choose the scion of different thicknesses to facilitate and carry out grafting;
(3) collection of scion and processing: from the bearing tree of Walnut Cultivars to be grafted, gather the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown robust growth, sprout is full, tissue is substantial, without the developmental branch of damage by disease and insect; After scion gathers, in time scion is cut to the branch that is cut into long 50～60cm, cut after cutting and be bundled into bundle, after packing with plastic foil, put into 0～4 ℃ of preservation of low-temperature cold store, before grafting, take out, while cutting interposition fringe, top bud is full, scion is cut and is cut length 16cm left and right, has 2～3 full buds;
(4) grafting time: when field planting stock starts to sprout but do not open up leaf (Shandong District for by the end of March to 4 month at the beginning of), carry out grafting;
(5) grafting: adopt the mode of two whip grafts or cortex grafting to carry out grafting, in grafting process, when cutting stock and scion, long 3～the 4cm of bevel, requires smoothly, requires to wrap scion with mulch film when grafting, wide 2cm, long 40cm plastic strip tighten for interface, make anvil fringe connect airtight both sides and form layer alignment, if when both sides formation layer can not align, scion must be leaned on stock alignment on one side;
(6) management of grafting:
1. smear debudding: grafting, after one week, starts stock sprout tillers to erase timely, and will repeatedly carry out, to promote grafting growth;
2. prevent that people and animals from endangering: cause interface dislocation or splitting for avoiding grafting to be collided, nursery forbids that people and animals enter and pass through; Careful when management, with anti-damage nursery stock;
3. rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest: after grafting survival, do not apply fertilizer in two weeks; When scion young sprout grows to 20cm when above, topdress, in vegetative period, topdress 3 times, the 1st time in mid-June, and the 2nd time in mid-July, opens shallow ridges fertilising in seedling both sides, and applying fertilizer is urea, every 666.7m
2applying fertilizer consumption 12kg, the 3rd time at the beginning of 8 months, application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen (at Taian district sandy loam, every 666.7m
2, fertilising consumption 45kg), according to circumstances blade spraying mass concentration is 0.3% simultaneously urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 10 days are once; Prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time;
4. solution is tied up: after grafting interface fully heals firmly, remove in time bondage thing at the beginning of 9 months, be beneficial to seedling growth.
Test walnut grafting seedling growth test
2012～2013, in Taishan District of Taian City, Shandong Province, grow directly from seeds walnut take Tai'an as stock, fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade walnut is that improved variety of walnut seedling grafting and breeding test (method is with embodiment 1) is carried out in scion, 1.0 mu of test area, each grafting 3700 strains (2012,2013 respectively once), result: grafting seedling was respectively 3216 strains in 2012,2013,3315 strains, it is 86.92%, 89.59% that grafting becomes shoot survival percent; After fall foliage, nursery stock is carried out to classification and heel in, measure grafting height, the highest 2.25m, average one-level seedling, secondary seedling (one-level seedling: more than grafting height of seedling 1.0m; Secondary seedling: more than 0.8m, well developed root system) emergence rate is 41.2%, 39.6%.
Simultaneously, (do not carry out stock transplanting take same seedling as stock, when grafting, stock being done to " discharging water " processes, the grafting method of the other the same as in Example 1), fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade walnut is that grafting is carried out in scion, meter grafting 300 strains, it survives 164 strains, graft survival rate is 54.67%, and grafting is up to 1.65m, and one-level seedling emergence rate is 32.4%.
Can find by contrast, grafting method of the present invention, graft survival rate is high, and grafting seedling quality is high, is the effective method of improved variety of walnut seedling-wood breeding.
Claims (7)
1. a walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1) stock is selected: choose without damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage, and side, system of fibrous root prosperity, the seedling of leading thread >=2.0cm is made stock;
(2) stock is transplanted: rootstock seedling is transplanted after thawing spring into grafting nursery lot, and earthing having peace of mind after field planting is watered permeablely, and the having peace of mind that rewaters after 2～3 days, waters after 1 week again, waits for that stock sprouts;
(3) collection of scion and processing: from the bearing tree of Walnut Cultivars to be grafted, gather the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown robust growth, sprout is full, tissue is substantial, without the developmental branch of damage by disease and insect; After scion gathers, scion is cut to the branch that is cut into long 50～60cm, cut after cutting and be bundled into bundle, after packing with plastic foil, put into 0～4 ℃ of preservation of low-temperature cold store, before grafting, take out;
(4) grafting time: when field planting stock starts to sprout but do not open up leaf, carry out grafting;
(5) grafting: adopt the mode of two whip grafts or cortex grafting to carry out grafting;
(6) management of grafting:
1. smear debudding: grafting, after one week, starts stock sprout tillers to erase;
2. avoid grafting to be collided and cause interface dislocation or splitting;
3. rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest;
4. solution is tied up: grafting interface is removed bondage thing at the beginning of 9 months after fully healing firmly, and grafting completes.
2. walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2), and nursery lot ridging, rootstock seedling is planted on ridge, and seeding row spacing is 30cm × 60cm.
3. walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (4), time when field planting stock starts to sprout but do not open up leaf is: at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month.
4. walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (5), requirement in grafting process is: when cutting stock and scion, long 3～the 4cm of bevel, level and smooth, when grafting, wrap scion with mulch film, wide 2cm, long 40cm plastic strip tighten for interface, make anvil fringe connect airtight both sides and form layer alignment, if when both sides formation layer can not align, scion is by stock alignment on one side.
5. walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (6) 3. rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest is specially: after grafting survival, do not apply fertilizer in two weeks; When scion young sprout grows to 20cm when above, topdress, in vegetative period, topdress 3 times: 1st, carry out in June～July for 2 times, applying fertilizer is instant nitrogenousfertilizer; The 3rd time at the beginning of 8 months, use phosphorus, K composite fertilizer; Blade spraying mass concentration is 0.3% simultaneously urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 10 days are once; In addition, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
6. walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described instant nitrogenousfertilizer is selected from urea, its fertilizing amount is: every 666.7m
2applying fertilizer consumption 10～15kg.
7. walnut grafting seedling-cultivating method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fertilizing amount is: every 666.7m
2general fertilising consumption 40～50kg.
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104137740A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-12 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Walnut grafting method |
| CN104160910A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-11-26 | 青海省农林科学院 | Method of indoor seedling growing in hotbed for walnuts in plateau region |
| CN104322288A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-04 | 山西桃运扁桃技术开发研究所 | Management method for almond grafted seedlings |
| CN104429640A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Bud grafting cultivation method for walnuts |
| CN104737824A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-01 | 重庆市丰都县三耀农业综合开发股份合作社 | Walnut planting method |
| CN104920155A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 永胜程海茂源农业开发有限公司 | Cultivating method for pecans |
| CN105432328A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-30 | 全椒县周杨农业有限公司 | Double-tongue grafting method for apocarya |
| CN105493902A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 吕建红 | Method for high grafting and head change of walnut tree |
| CN106489549A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-03-15 | 紫云自治县鑫源运和果蔬种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of engrafting method of Semen Juglandiss |
| CN106718107A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Tower draws the method that grafting is cultivated |
| CN107027521A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-08-11 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of walnut hard branch square bud connects method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107162833A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-15 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of walnut |
| CN107258333A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-10-20 | 余颖恒 | A kind of root system engrafting method of English walnut |
| CN107278761A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-24 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade walnut |
| CN108811833A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-16 | 苏红群 | A kind of walnut grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN110063153A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-30 | 广东悠泽农业技术有限公司 | A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of the sub- nut of kidney-nourishing |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104137740A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-12 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Walnut grafting method |
| CN104160910A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-11-26 | 青海省农林科学院 | Method of indoor seedling growing in hotbed for walnuts in plateau region |
| CN105493902A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 吕建红 | Method for high grafting and head change of walnut tree |
| CN104322288A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-04 | 山西桃运扁桃技术开发研究所 | Management method for almond grafted seedlings |
| CN104429640A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Bud grafting cultivation method for walnuts |
| CN104737824A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-01 | 重庆市丰都县三耀农业综合开发股份合作社 | Walnut planting method |
| CN104920155A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 永胜程海茂源农业开发有限公司 | Cultivating method for pecans |
| CN105432328A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-30 | 全椒县周杨农业有限公司 | Double-tongue grafting method for apocarya |
| CN106489549A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-03-15 | 紫云自治县鑫源运和果蔬种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of engrafting method of Semen Juglandiss |
| CN106718107A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Tower draws the method that grafting is cultivated |
| CN107027521A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-08-11 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of walnut hard branch square bud connects method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107258333A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-10-20 | 余颖恒 | A kind of root system engrafting method of English walnut |
| CN107162833A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-15 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of walnut |
| CN107278761A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-24 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade walnut |
| CN108811833A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-16 | 苏红群 | A kind of walnut grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN110063153A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-30 | 广东悠泽农业技术有限公司 | A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of the sub- nut of kidney-nourishing |
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