CN110663686B - 一种环保型农药乳化剂 - Google Patents

一种环保型农药乳化剂 Download PDF

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CN110663686B
CN110663686B CN201910943065.2A CN201910943065A CN110663686B CN 110663686 B CN110663686 B CN 110663686B CN 201910943065 A CN201910943065 A CN 201910943065A CN 110663686 B CN110663686 B CN 110663686B
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汪培琳
朱宏
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Foshan Shujie Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保型农药乳化剂,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚:30%~75%;阴离子表面活性剂:10%~40%;防冻剂:5%~20%;消泡剂:1%~2%;水:余量;所述脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚的结构式为:R‑O‑(AO)a‑[(EO)m‑(PO)n]‑H或R‑O‑[(EO)m‑(PO)n]‑(AO)a‑H,其中,R为碳原子数6~18的烷基或烯基,A为‑CH2CH2‑、‑CH2CH2CH2‑或‑CH2CH2CH2CH2‑,(EO)m‑(PO)n为‑CH2CH2O‑单元和‑CH2CH2CH2O‑单元以嵌段、交替或无规则分布构成的聚氧烷基链,a为1~10的整数,m和n为0~10的整数。本发明的乳化剂乳化效果优异,不含APEO,安全环保,将其用于农药水剂可以保持农药水剂长期稳定。

Description

一种环保型农药乳化剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种环保型农药乳化剂。
背景技术
中国是世界上主要的农药生产和使用大国,据统计,2018年我国化学农药原药产量高达208.3万吨。随着人们环保意识的提高,对农药制剂的要求也越来越高,逐步要求农药制剂高效安全、环境友好化,而且国家也出台了相关的政策和规划。2010年8月国家工业和信息化部等四部门便联合出台了《农药产业政策》,指出“国家通过科技扶持、技术改造、经济政策引导等措施,支持高效、安全、经济、环境友好的农药新产品发展,加快高污染、高风险产品的替代和淘汰,促进品种结构不断优化”、“大力推动农用剂型向水基化、无尘化、控制释放等高效、安全的方向发展……严格控制有毒有害溶剂和助剂的使用”。2014年国家工信部出台了《农药工业“十二五”发展规划》,指出“严格控制含甲苯、二甲苯等有毒有害溶剂和助剂的使用,开发和推广水基化等剂型”。
农药可以分为乳油、悬浮剂、水剂、可湿性粉剂等多种剂型。乳油剂型是目前常用的农药剂型,据统计,我国每年用于制造乳油剂型农药所使用的二甲苯类溶剂就高达30~40万吨,随着农药的喷洒,这些溶剂首先会挥发到空气中,接着会渗透到食品、土壤和地下水中,不仅会造成生态环境的污染,而且还会对食品安全和人们身体健康造成损害。农药水剂(农药微乳剂的一种)更加安全环保,是国家鼓励发展的方向,近年来发展迅速,但农药水剂中普遍使用烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEO)作为乳化剂。APEO虽然具有良好的润湿、渗透、乳化、分散、增溶等效果,但其毒性大、生物降解性差,对人体和生态环境的危害不容忽视,一些发达国家在很多领域都已经禁止使用APEO。
可见,有必要开发一种不含APEO、安全环保、乳化效果优异、适用于农药水剂的乳化剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种环保型农药乳化剂。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种环保型农药乳化剂,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:
脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚:30%~75%;
阴离子表面活性剂:10%~40%;
防冻剂:5%~20%;
消泡剂:1%~2%;
水:余量。
优选的,一种环保型农药乳化剂,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:
脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚:40%~50%;
阴离子表面活性剂:10%~20%;
防冻剂:5%~15%;
消泡剂:1%~2%;
水:余量。
优选的,所述脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚的结构式为:
R-O-(AO)a-[(EO)m-(PO)n]-H或R-O-[(EO)m-(PO)n]-(AO)a-H,其中,R为碳原子数6~18的烷基或烯基,A为-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,(EO)m-(PO)n为-CH2CH2O-单元和-CH2CH2CH2O-单元以嵌段、交替或无规则分布构成的聚氧烷基链,a为1~10的整数,m和n为0~10的整数。
优选的,所述阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、乙氧基化烷基硫酸钠、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐、α-烯基磺酸盐、仲烷基磺酸钠中的至少一种。
优选的,所述防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、聚乙二醇、山梨醇中的至少一种。
优选的,所述聚乙二醇的数均分子量为200~600g/mol。
优选的,所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂、高碳醇消泡剂中的至少一种。
一种农药水剂,包含上述环保型农药乳化剂。
优选的,所述农药水剂中环保型农药乳化剂的质量百分含量为5%~15%。
优选的,所述农药水剂中的农药活性成分为啶虫脒、氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫嗪、氰氟草酯、氟虫腈、莠去津、硝磺草酮中的至少一种。
优选的,所述农药活性成分的质量百分含量为1%~15%。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的乳化剂乳化效果优异,不含APEO,安全环保,将其用于农药水剂可以保持农药水剂长期稳定。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1:
一种环保型农药乳化剂,其组成如下表所示:
表1一种环保型农药乳化剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
支链型C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>25</sub>-O-(EO)<sub>4</sub>-[(EO)<sub>3</sub>-(PO)<sub>3</sub>]-H 40
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 10
乙二醇 10
有机硅消泡剂 1
去离子水 余量
一种农药水剂,包含上述环保型农药乳化剂,具体组成如下表所示:
表2一种农药水剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
环保型农药乳化剂 10
啶虫脒 2
去离子水 余量
实施例2:
一种环保型农药乳化剂,其组成如下表所示:
表3一种环保型农药乳化剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
直链型C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>29</sub>-O-[(EO)<sub>2</sub>-(PO)<sub>4</sub>]-(EO)<sub>4</sub>-H 50
十二烷基聚乙烯醚硫酸钠 12
丙二醇 10
有机硅消泡剂 1
去离子水 余量
一种农药水剂,包含上述环保型农药乳化剂,具体组成如下表所示:
表4一种农药水剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
环保型农药乳化剂 7
氯虫苯甲酰胺 3
去离子水 余量
实施例3:
一种环保型农药乳化剂,其组成如下表所示:
表5一种环保型农药乳化剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
直链型C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>25</sub>-O-(EO)<sub>3</sub>-[(EO)<sub>2</sub>-(PO)<sub>3</sub>]-H 40
α-烯基磺酸盐 12
丙二醇 10
有机硅消泡剂 1
去离子水 余量
一种农药水剂,包含上述环保型农药乳化剂,具体组成如下表所示:
表6一种农药水剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
环保型农药乳化剂 10
噻虫嗪 2
去离子水 余量
实施例4:
一种环保型农药乳化剂,其组成如下表所示:
表7一种环保型农药乳化剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
支链型C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>27</sub>-O-[(EO)<sub>2</sub>-(PO)<sub>4</sub>]-(EO)<sub>4</sub>-H 45
脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐 15
聚乙二醇(数均分子量400g/mol) 10
有机硅消泡剂 1
去离子水 余量
一种农药水剂,包含上述环保型农药乳化剂,具体组成如下表所示:
表8一种农药水剂的组成表
Figure BDA0002223453850000041
Figure BDA0002223453850000051
实施例5:
一种环保型农药乳化剂,其组成如下表所示:
表9一种环保型农药乳化剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
支链型C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>27</sub>-O-(EO)<sub>3</sub>-[(EO)<sub>4</sub>-(PO)<sub>4</sub>]-H 50
脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐 10
丙三醇 10
十二醇 1
去离子水 余量
一种农药水剂,包含上述环保型农药乳化剂,具体组成如下表所示:
表10一种农药水剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
环保型农药乳化剂 8
氟虫腈 5
去离子水 余量
对比例1:
一种农药乳化剂,其组成如下表所示:
表11一种农药乳化剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚 40
失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯 20
丙三醇 5
十二醇 1
去离子水 余量
一种农药水剂,包含上述农药乳化剂,具体组成如下表所示:
表12一种农药水剂的组成表
Figure BDA0002223453850000052
Figure BDA0002223453850000061
对比例2:
一种农药乳化剂,其组成如下表所示:
表13一种农药乳化剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚 50
直链十醇聚氧乙烯醚 30
丙二醇 5
有机硅消泡剂 1
去离子水 余量
一种农药水剂,包含上述农药乳化剂,具体组成如下表所示:
表14一种农药水剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
农药乳化剂 10
氯虫苯甲酰胺 3
去离子水 余量
对比例3:
一种农药乳化剂,其组成如下表所示:
表15一种农药乳化剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸钠 40
十醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠 20
丙二醇 5
有机硅消泡剂 2
去离子水 余量
一种农药水剂,包含上述农药乳化剂,具体组成如下表所示:
表16一种农药水剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
农药乳化剂 8
噻虫嗪 2
去离子水 余量
对比例4:
一种农药水剂,其组成如下表所示:
表17一种农药水剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
支链型C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>27</sub>-O-(EO)<sub>3</sub>-[(EO)<sub>4</sub>-(PO)<sub>4</sub>]-H 8
氟虫腈 5
去离子水 余量
对比例5:
一种农药水剂,其组成如下表所示:
表18一种农药水剂的组成表
原料 质量百分比(%)
脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐 8
氟虫腈 5
去离子水 余量
注:
实施例1~5和对比例4中的EO为-CH2CH2O-单元,PO为-CH2CH2CH2O-单元。
测试例:
1)对实施例1~5和对比例1~5的农药水剂进行分散性和稳定性测试,测试结果如下表所示:
表19实施例1~5和对比例1~5的农药水剂的分散性和稳定性测试结果
Figure BDA0002223453850000071
Figure BDA0002223453850000081
注:
分散性测试方法:取1mL农药水剂倒入250mL的烧杯中,再用浓度342mg/L的标准硬水稀释200倍,并用玻璃棒不断搅拌,再将烧杯放入恒温水浴中,在30±2℃的条件下静置1h,并根据以下标准进行评级:
一级:自动云雾状均匀分散,无可见油珠,试样澄清透明;
二级:自动云雾状均匀分散,无可见油珠,试样呈澄清半透明;
三级:自动云雾状分散,无可见油珠,试样澄清呈白色;
四级:部分自动分散,乳化颗粒粗,试样呈白色;
五级:不会自动分散,入水呈油珠状,摇动后可乳化,放置则很快分层。
稳定性测试方法:参照GB/T 1603-2001进行测试。在250mL烧杯中加入99.5mL标准硬水,用移液管吸取0.5mL农药水剂,在不断搅拌的情况下慢慢加入硬水中,将其配成100mL乳状液。加完乳剂后,继续用2~3r/s的速度搅拌30s,立即将乳状液移至清洁、干燥的100mL量筒中,并将量筒置于恒温水浴内,在30±2℃的条件下静置1h,取出,观察乳状液分离情况,如在量筒中无浮油、沉油和沉淀析出,则判定乳液稳定性合格。
低温析出率测试方法:参考GB/T 19137-2003农药低温稳定性测定方法进行测试。移取100mL的农药水剂置于离心管中,在制冷器中冷却至0±2℃,让离心管及内容物在0±2℃保持1h,并每间隔15min搅拌一次,每次15s,检查并记录有无固体物或油状物析出。将离心管放回制冷器,在0±2℃继续放置7d,7d后,将离心管取出,在室温下静止3h,离心分离15min(管子顶部相对离心力为500~600g,g为重力加速度),记录管子底部离析物的体积(精确至0.05mL),计算析出率。
热贮析出率测试方法:参考GB/T 19136-2003农药热贮稳定性测试方法进行测试。用注射器将约30mL农药水剂注入洁净的安瓿瓶中,置此安瓿瓶于冰盐浴中制冷,用高温火焰封口,冷却至室温称重。将封好的安瓿瓶置于金属容器内,再将金属容器在54±2℃的恒温箱中放置14d,取出,将安瓿瓶外面拭净后称量,质量未发生变化的试样,计算析出率。
由表19可知:
1)实施例1~5的环保型农药乳化剂具有良好的乳化分散性,兑水稀释时具备良好的乳化效果,都可得到澄清的农药水剂;
2)实施例1~5的农药水剂具有良好的乳液稳定性,在正常的运输搬运过程中不会分层,而对比例1~5的农药水剂在测试条件下已经出现分层;
3)实施例1~5的农药水剂在低温条件下性能稳定,依然能保持稳定均一的溶液体系,而对比例1~5的农药水剂则出现不同程度的物质析出;
4)在高温条件下所有农药水剂均未出现析出分层,但实施例1~5的农药水剂的析出率远远小于对比例1~5的农药水剂,说明其高温稳定性更好;
5)脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚和阴离子表面活性剂两者都是必备组分,具有优异的协同作用,双组分的总体效果优于单一组分。
2)对实施例1~5和对比例1~5的农药水剂进行乳液粒径和粒径分布测试,测试结果如下表所示:
表20实施例1~5和对比例1~5的农药水剂的乳液粒径和粒径分布测试结果
实验组 乳液粒径(nm) 粒径分布
实施例1 58 0.055
实施例2 55 0.098
实施例3 60 0.075
实施例4 85 0.068
实施例5 80 0.096
对比例1 110 0.135
对比例2 120 0.165
对比例3 280 0.203
对比例4 130 0.180
对比例5 430 0.290
注:
乳液粒径和粒径分布使用动态粒径测试仪进行测试。
乳液粒径越小,越不易沉降,分散效果越好,且粒径小也有利于有效成分穿透植物或昆虫的表皮,更好的发挥药效。
粒径分布值越小,说明粒径大小分布越窄,当PDI≤0.1时,说明分布均一,当PDI≥0.2时,说明分布不均。
由表20可知:
1)实施例1~5的农药水剂的乳液粒径均小于100nm,粒径分布值均小于0.1,而对比例1~5的乳液粒径均大于100nm,粒径分布值均大于0.1,说明实施例1~5的农药水剂的更稳定,不易分层沉降,粒径分布均一;
2)脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚和阴离子表面活性剂两者都是必备组分,具有优异的协同作用,双组分的总体效果优于单一组分。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种环保型农药乳化剂,其特征在于:由以下质量百分比的组分组成:
脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚:40%~50%;
阴离子表面活性剂:10%~20%;
防冻剂:5%~15%;
消泡剂:1%~2%;
水:余量;
所述脂肪醇聚氧烷基醚为支链型C12H25-O-(EO)4-[(EO)3-(PO)3]-H、直链型C14H29-O-[(EO)2-(PO)4]-(EO)4-H、直链型C12H25-O-(EO)3-[(EO)2-(PO)3]-H、支链型C13H27-O-[(EO)2-(PO)4]-(EO)4-H、支链型C13H27-O-(EO)3-[(EO)4-(PO)4]-H中的一种;
所述阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、乙氧基化烷基硫酸钠、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐、α-烯基磺酸盐、仲烷基磺酸钠中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型农药乳化剂,其特征在于:所述防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、聚乙二醇、山梨醇中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的环保型农药乳化剂,其特征在于:所述聚乙二醇的数均分子量为200~600g/mol。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型农药乳化剂,其特征在于:所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂、高碳醇消泡剂中的至少一种。
5.一种农药水剂,其特征在于:包含权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的环保型农药乳化剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的农药水剂,其特征在于:所述环保型农药乳化剂的质量百分含量为5%~15%。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的农药水剂,其特征在于:农药活性成分为啶虫脒、氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫嗪、氰氟草酯、氟虫腈、莠去津、硝磺草酮中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的农药水剂,其特征在于:所述农药活性成分的质量百分含量为1%~15%。
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