CN110663482A - High-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in high-cold and shady and humid areas - Google Patents

High-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in high-cold and shady and humid areas Download PDF

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CN110663482A
CN110663482A CN201810716572.8A CN201810716572A CN110663482A CN 110663482 A CN110663482 A CN 110663482A CN 201810716572 A CN201810716572 A CN 201810716572A CN 110663482 A CN110663482 A CN 110663482A
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王夏丰
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in a cold and high-yin humid area, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. In order to solve the problem that roots of adult plants are easy to rot when the codonopsis pilosula is cultivated in the cold-high and shady areas, the invention provides a method for cultivating the codonopsis pilosula in the cold-high and shady areas, through the steps of land selection and preparation, seed treatment, sowing and field management, the seedling survival rate, the yield and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula are obviously improved, the root rot proportion of the adult plants is reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application, and field experiments show that compared with the traditional method for cultivating the codonopsis pilosula in the cold-high and shady areas, the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula in the cold-high and shady areas is improved by 11.9%, the root rot proportion after the adult plants is reduced by 2.45%, the average fresh weight of medicinal roots is increased by 4.08.

Description

High-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in high-cold and shady and humid areas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in a cold and humid region.
Background
Dangshen, another name: radix sileris, radix codonopsitis lanceolatae, radix codonopsitis pilosulae, lion head ginseng, Chinese lucid ganoderma, radix codonopsitis lanceolatae, Latin literature name: codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf, Campanulaceae, Codonopsis contains polysaccharides, phenols, sterols, volatile oil, vitamins B1, B2, various essential amino acids, baicalein glucoside, saponin, trace alkaloids, trace elements, etc. Has effects in exciting nervous system and enhancing body resistance; has effects in regulating gastrointestinal motility, resisting ulcer, inhibiting gastric acid secretion, and reducing pepsin activity; can increase rabbit red blood cell and hemoglobin, and improve leukocyte decrease caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy; can dilate peripheral blood vessel to reduce blood pressure, and inhibit the blood pressure increase of epinephrine.
Along with the increase of the demand of Chinese herbal medicines at home and abroad, the growing range of the codonopsis pilosula is necessary to be further expanded, and especially in alpine mountainous areas, the planting of the codonopsis pilosula and other Chinese herbal medicines is an important way for rapidly removing poverty and causing richness. Therefore, it is necessary knowledge and skill for farmers to correctly master the codonopsis pilosula planting method and management method. The radix Codonopsis is deep-rooted plant, and is originated from mountain slope or semi-positive slope. The adult plant prefers sunlight, is afraid of water accumulation and cold resistance, and the dangshen of Gansu province is mainly produced in three areas of Gansu province, Long nan province and Deng xi province, and is known as the great Dan Shen of Gansu province because of its white color, straight taste, sweet taste, and rich medicinal components and health-care elements. The codonopsis pilosula cultivated in the areas are cultivated in the cold and humid areas, so that the survival rate of the codonopsis pilosula is low, and the yield and the quality are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in a cold and high-humidity area aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in a cold and high-yin humid area comprises the following specific steps:
⑴ selecting land and preparing land, namely selecting a gully region of loess hills and hills in the middle of 9 months, selecting soil with the soil texture of black ramie soil and uniform fertility, selecting soil with the terrain of flat semiyin and semiyang gentle slope (the slope is between 10 and 15 ℃), selecting soil with the soil pH of 7.5 to 8.5 and the soil humidity of 70 to 75 percent as a planting land of radix codonopsis pilosulae, turning soil from the lower part of the slope to the upper part of the slope, crushing larger soil blocks in the soil, flanging the side, applying 3000kg of organic pig manure 2000 + fertilizer, 30 to 50kg of branches and leaves of radix puerariae, 40 to 50kg of dried wild chrysanthemum flower and 35 to 45kg of pyrethrum powder, raking and leveling after applying fertilizer, making high ridges, spraying sweet wormwood herb water extract with the mass concentration of 15 percent between the ridges, and irrigating water;
⑵ seed treatment, namely in ten days of 10 months, after the codonopsis pilosula is harvested, collecting the codonopsis pilosula seeds, uniformly mixing flour and rice washing water according to a weight ratio of 1:10, heating to 40-50 ℃, soaking the codonopsis pilosula seeds for 10-15min to remove redundant impurities from the codonopsis pilosula seeds, and then coating the codonopsis pilosula seeds, wherein the seed coating agent is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate, 4-8 parts of wood vinegar, 3-11 parts of biomass charcoal, 4-10 parts of bentonite, 2-5 parts of shrimp shell powder and 3-6 parts of cow dung powder, and is coated outside the seeds, and the codonopsis pilosula seeds are placed in the shade after coating;
⑶ sowing, namely, in the middle ten days of 10 months, taking out seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, insolating for 3 days, uniformly mixing the seeds with 10-15 times of shell powder, sowing the seeds on the surface of a furrow, screening fine soil to uniformly cover the seeds with the thickness of 3-5cm, then paving two layers of mulching films with the thickness of 0.015-0.02mm on the fine soil, then covering a layer of crop straw with the thickness of 10cm, using the seed quantity of 2.5-3kg per mu, wherein the two layers of mulching films are respectively a white mulching film and a black mulching film, and covering the white mulching film with the black mulching film;
⑷ field management
Timely breaking a film to receive seedlings after sowing, selecting rainy days to gradually uncover a covering to harden the seedlings, weeding and loosening the soil when the seedlings grow to 5cm high, spraying 1.5mol/L matrine solution, thinning the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 4 cm when the seedlings are 10cm high, secondarily weeding and loosening the soil, and spraying humifuse euphorbia herb extract; when the height of the seedling is 16-20cm, weeding for three times, loosening the soil and spraying; weeding for four times when the seedling is 30cm high, loosening the soil, spraying the dew grass extract, building frames by using corn stalks, and keeping the water content of the soil within the range of 50-60%; after the overground part withers at the end of autumn, drying the residual stem leaves and the built corn stalks, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, turning into soil, covering with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.015-0.02mm, and uncovering the film when the next bud sprouts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in the high-cold shady and wet area, provided by the invention, through the steps of land selection and preparation, seed treatment, sowing and field management, the problem that adult plants of codonopsis pilosula are easy to rot roots when cultivated in the high-cold shady and wet area is solved, the seedling survival rate, the yield and the quality of codonopsis pilosula are obviously improved, the rotten root proportion of the adult plants is reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
2. As can be seen from field experiments, compared with the traditional method for cultivating the codonopsis pilosula in the alpine-cold and humid region, the method for cultivating the codonopsis pilosula in the alpine-cold and humid region has the advantages that the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula is increased by 11.9%, the root rot proportion of adult plants is reduced by 2.45%, the average fresh weight of medicinal roots is increased by 4.08g, and the yield per mu is 174.31 kg.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in a cold and high-yin humid area comprises the following specific steps:
⑴ selecting land and preparing land, namely selecting a gully region of loess hills and hills in the middle ten days of 9 months, selecting soil with the soil property of black ramie, uniform fertility, flat terrain, gentle slope of semiyin and semiyang, the slope of which is between 10 and 15 degrees, selecting soil with the soil pH of 7.5 and the soil humidity of 70 percent as a planting land of radix codonopsis pilosulae, turning soil from the slope to the slope, crushing larger soil blocks in the soil, performing edge turning, applying 2000kg of organic pig manure, 30-50kg of branches and leaves of radix puerariae, 40kg of dried wild chrysanthemum flower and 35kg of pyrethrum powder, performing fine leveling after fertilization, making high ridges, spraying sweet wormwood water extract with the mass concentration of 15 percent between the ridges, and irrigating water;
⑵ seed treatment, namely in last 10 th of month, after harvesting the codonopsis pilosula, collecting the codonopsis pilosula seeds, uniformly mixing flour and rice washing water according to a weight ratio of 1:10, heating to 40 ℃, soaking the codonopsis pilosula seeds for 10min to remove redundant impurities from the codonopsis pilosula seeds, and then coating the codonopsis pilosula seeds, wherein the seed coating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of wood vinegar, 3 parts of biomass charcoal, 4 parts of bentonite, 2 parts of shrimp shell powder and 3 parts of cow dung powder, and is prepared into a coating agent which is coated outside the seeds, and the codonopsis pilosula seeds are placed in the shade after coating;
⑶ sowing, namely, in the middle ten days of 10 months, taking out seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, insolating for 3 days, uniformly mixing the seeds with 10 times of shell powder, sowing the seeds on the surfaces of the ridges, screening fine soil to uniformly cover the seeds with the thickness of 3cm, then paving two layers of mulching films with the thickness of 0.015mm on the fine soil, then covering crop straws with the thickness of 10cm, using the seed quantity of 2.5kg per mu, wherein the two layers of mulching films are respectively a white mulching film and a black mulching film, and covering the white mulching film with a black mulching film;
⑷ field management
Timely breaking a film to receive seedlings after sowing, selecting rainy days to gradually uncover a covering to harden the seedlings, weeding and loosening the soil when the seedlings grow to 5cm high, spraying 1.5mol/L matrine solution, thinning the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 4 cm when the seedlings are 10cm high, secondarily weeding and loosening the soil, and spraying humifuse euphorbia herb extract; weeding for three times, loosening the soil and spraying when the height of the seedlings is 16 cm; when the height of the seedling is 30cm, weeding for four times, loosening the soil, spraying the dew grass extract, building frames by using corn stalks, and keeping the water content range of the soil to be 50%; after the overground part withers at the end of autumn, drying the residual stem leaves and the built corn stalks, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, turning into soil, covering with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.015mm, and uncovering the film when sprouting in the next year.
Example 2
A high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in a cold and high-yin humid area comprises the following specific steps:
⑴ selecting land and preparing land, namely selecting a gully region of loess hills and hills in the middle ten days of 9 months, wherein the elevation is 2100m, the soil quality is black ramie soil, the fertility is uniform, the terrain is flat, the slope is between 10 and 15 degrees, the soil with the pH of 8.5 and the soil humidity of 75 percent is selected as a planting land of radix codonopsis pilosulae, turning soil from the lower part of the slope to the upper part of the slope, and crushing larger soil blocks in the soil;
⑵ seed treatment, namely in last 10 th month, after harvesting the codonopsis pilosula, collecting the codonopsis pilosula seeds, uniformly mixing flour and rice washing water according to a weight ratio of 1:10, heating to 50 ℃, soaking the codonopsis pilosula seeds for 15min to remove redundant impurities from the codonopsis pilosula seeds, and then coating the codonopsis pilosula seeds, wherein the seed coating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 8 parts of wood vinegar, 11 parts of biomass charcoal, 10 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of shrimp shell powder and 6 parts of cow dung powder, and is prepared into a coating agent which is coated outside the seeds, and the codonopsis pilosula seeds are placed in the shade after coating;
⑶ sowing, namely, in the middle ten days of 10 months, taking out seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, insolating for 3 days, uniformly mixing the seeds with 15 times of shell powder, sowing the seeds on the surfaces of furrows, screening fine soil to uniformly cover the seeds with the thickness of 5cm, then paving two layers of mulching films with the thickness of 0.02mm on the fine soil, then covering crop straws with the thickness of 10cm, using 3kg of seed amount per mu, wherein the two layers of mulching films are respectively a white mulching film and a black mulching film, and covering the white mulching film with a black mulching film;
⑷ field management
Timely breaking a film to receive seedlings after sowing, selecting rainy days to gradually uncover a covering to harden the seedlings, weeding and loosening the soil when the seedlings grow to 5cm high, spraying 1.5mol/L matrine solution, thinning the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 4 cm when the seedlings are 10cm high, secondarily weeding and loosening the soil, and spraying humifuse euphorbia herb extract; weeding for three times, loosening the soil and spraying when the height of the seedlings is 20 cm; when the height of the seedling is 30cm, weeding for four times, loosening the soil, spraying the dew grass extract, building frames by using corn stalks, and keeping the water content range of the soil to be 60%; after the overground part withers at the end of autumn, drying the residual stem leaves and the built corn stalks, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, turning into soil, covering with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.02mm, and uncovering the mulching film when sprouting in the next year.
Example 3
A high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in a cold and high-yin humid area comprises the following specific steps:
⑴ selecting land and preparing land, namely selecting a gully region of loess hills and hills in the middle ten days of 9 months, wherein the height is 2078m, the soil quality is black ramie soil, the fertility is uniform, the terrain is flat, the slope is between 10 and 15 degrees, the soil with the pH of 8 and the soil humidity of 73 percent is selected as a planting land of codonopsis pilosula, turning soil from the lower part of the slope to the upper part of the slope, and breaking larger soil blocks in the soil;
⑵ seed treatment, namely in last 10 th of month, after harvesting the codonopsis pilosula, collecting the codonopsis pilosula seeds, uniformly mixing flour and rice washing water according to a weight ratio of 1:10, heating to 45 ℃, soaking the codonopsis pilosula seeds for 12min to remove redundant impurities from the codonopsis pilosula seeds, and then coating the codonopsis pilosula seeds, wherein the seed coating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, 7 parts of sodium alginate, 6 parts of wood vinegar, 8 parts of biomass charcoal, 7 parts of bentonite, 3.5 parts of shrimp shell powder and 4.5 parts of cow dung powder, and is prepared into a coating agent which is coated outside the seeds, and the codonopsis pilosula seeds are placed in a shade after coating;
⑶ sowing, namely, in 10-month middle ten days, taking out seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, insolating for 3 days, uniformly mixing the seeds with 10-15 times of shell powder, sowing the seeds on the surfaces of ridges, screening fine soil to uniformly cover the seeds with the thickness of 3-5cm, then paving two layers of mulching films with the thickness of 0.018mm on the fine soil, then covering one layer of crop straws with the thickness of 10cm, using the seed quantity of 2.8kg per mu, wherein the two layers of mulching films are respectively a white mulching film and a black mulching film, and covering the white mulching film with a black mulching film;
⑷ field management
Timely breaking a film to receive seedlings after sowing, selecting rainy days to gradually uncover a covering to harden the seedlings, weeding and loosening the soil when the seedlings grow to 5cm high, spraying 1.5mol/L matrine solution, thinning the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 4 cm when the seedlings are 10cm high, secondarily weeding and loosening the soil, and spraying humifuse euphorbia herb extract; weeding for three times, loosening the soil and spraying when the height of the seedlings is 18 cm; when the height of the seedling is 30cm, weeding for four times, loosening the soil, spraying the dew grass extract, building frames by using corn stalks, and keeping the moisture content range of the soil to be 55%; after the overground part withers at the end of autumn, drying the residual stem leaves and the built corn stalks in the sun, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, turning into soil, covering with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.018mm, and uncovering the film when sprouting in the next year.
Test examples
The test area is as follows: the loess hills and hills gully region has an elevation of 2078m, the soil is black ramie soil, the fertility is uniform, the terrain is flat, the slope is between 10 and 15 degrees, the pH value of the soil is 8, the sunshine hours are 2080 hours, the heat is poor, the rainfall is sufficient, the spring warming is late, the temperature reduction in autumn is fast, the annual average temperature is 6.9 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature is 2200 ℃ at the temperature of more than or equal to 0 ℃, the annual precipitation is 599mm, and the frost-free period is 138-silly-hot for 159 days, so that the loess hills and hills mountains are typical high-cold humid mountain regions.
In experimental areas, compared with the codonopsis pilosula cultivated by the traditional method, the codonopsis pilosula produced by the cultivation method has the following advantages:
Figure BDA0001717576540000071
as can be seen from the above table, compared with the traditional codonopsis pilosula cultivation method, the rate of emergence of the codonopsis pilosula cultivated by the cultivation method is increased by 11.9%, the root rot proportion after the plant is grown is reduced by 2.45%, the average fresh weight of medicinal roots is increased by 4.08g, and the yield per mu is 174.31 kg.

Claims (2)

1. A high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in a cold and high-yin humid area is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
⑴ selecting land and preparing land, namely selecting a gully region of loess hills and hills in the middle ten days of 9 months, selecting soil with the soil texture of black sesame soil and uniform fertility, wherein the soil has a flat terrain, a half-yin and half-yang gentle slope and a slope of between 10 and 15 degrees, selecting soil with the soil pH of 7.5 and 8.5 and the soil humidity of 70 to 75 percent as a planting land of radix codonopsis pilosulae, turning soil from the lower part of the slope to the upper part of the slope, crushing larger soil blocks in the soil, flanging, applying 3000kg of organic pig manure 2000-shaped soil, 30 to 50kg of branches and leaves of radix puerariae, 40 to 50kg of dried wild chrysanthemum flower and 35 to 45kg of pyrethrum powder, raking and leveling after applying fertilizer, making high ridges, spraying sweet wormwood water extract with the mass concentration of 15 percent between the ridges, and irrigating water;
⑵ seed treatment, namely in ten days of 10 months, after the codonopsis pilosula is harvested, collecting the codonopsis pilosula seeds, uniformly mixing flour and rice washing water according to a weight ratio of 1:10, heating to 40-50 ℃, soaking the codonopsis pilosula seeds for 10-15min to remove redundant impurities from the codonopsis pilosula seeds, and then coating the codonopsis pilosula seeds, wherein the seed coating agent is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate, 4-8 parts of wood vinegar, 3-11 parts of biomass charcoal, 4-10 parts of bentonite, 2-5 parts of shrimp shell powder and 3-6 parts of cow dung powder, and is coated outside the seeds, and the codonopsis pilosula seeds are placed in the shade after coating;
⑶ sowing, namely, in the middle ten days of 10 months, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, insolating for 3 days, uniformly mixing the seeds with 10-15 times of shell powder, sowing the mixture on the surface of a furrow, screening fine soil to uniformly cover the soil with the thickness of 3-5cm, then paving two layers of mulching films with the thickness of 0.015-0.02mm on the fine soil, and then covering a layer of crop straw with the thickness of 10cm, wherein the dosage per mu is 2.5-3 kg;
⑷ field management
Timely breaking a film to receive seedlings after sowing, selecting rainy days to gradually uncover a covering to harden the seedlings, weeding and loosening the soil when the seedlings grow to 5cm high, spraying 1.5mol/L matrine solution, thinning the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 4 cm when the seedlings are 10cm high, secondarily weeding and loosening the soil, and spraying humifuse euphorbia herb extract; when the height of the seedling is 16-20cm, weeding for three times, loosening the soil and spraying; weeding for four times when the seedling is 30cm high, loosening the soil, spraying the dew grass extract, building frames by using corn stalks, and keeping the water content of the soil within the range of 50-60%; after the overground part withers at the end of autumn, drying the residual stem leaves and the built corn stalks, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, turning into soil, covering with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.015-0.02mm, and uncovering the film when the next bud sprouts.
2. The high-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in the alpine-cold yin-wet area according to claim 1, wherein the two layers of mulching films in the step ⑶ are respectively a white mulching film and a black mulching film, and the white mulching film is covered with the black mulching film.
CN201810716572.8A 2018-07-03 2018-07-03 High-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in high-cold and shady and humid areas Pending CN110663482A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113016537A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-06-25 定西市农业科学研究院 Film-covering planting method for radix astragali in adulthood in cold-high and yin-damp area
CN113273457A (en) * 2021-05-10 2021-08-20 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 Mechanical efficient sowing method suitable for quinoa in coastal sandy saline-alkali soil

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113016537A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-06-25 定西市农业科学研究院 Film-covering planting method for radix astragali in adulthood in cold-high and yin-damp area
CN113273457A (en) * 2021-05-10 2021-08-20 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 Mechanical efficient sowing method suitable for quinoa in coastal sandy saline-alkali soil

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