CN110629057B - Casting method of high-strength high-toughness ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy - Google Patents
Casting method of high-strength high-toughness ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a casting method of ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy with high strength and toughness, which comprises the steps of enabling ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid to flow through a liquid nitrogen cooling copper pipe (the size of the copper pipe can be 304mm in length, 50mm in outer diameter and 24mm in inner diameter) which is obliquely arranged, arranging a chamfer angle at the upper end of the copper pipe so as to increase the size of an opening at the upper end, facilitating casting, enabling the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid to be rapidly cooled to be close to eutectic temperature and solidified in a room temperature metal type through contact heat transfer of the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid and a low-temperature copper pipe, and achieving the purposes of improving an alloy microstructure and remarkably improving tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a die-casting zinc alloy, in particular to a casting method for improving the toughness of ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy.
Background
The zinc alloy material has various excellent characteristics, such as good casting performance, can be used for producing precision parts with complex shapes and thin walls by die casting, has smooth casting surfaces, can be used for surface treatment such as electroplating, spraying, paint spraying and the like, and has the advantages of low casting energy consumption, low raw material cost and no environmental pollution in the production process. The Zn-Al alloy is widely applied to die-casting production in the fields of motorcycle carburetors, automobile parts, hardware products and the like due to good wear resistance, superplasticity and creep resistance. The low aluminum zinc alloy such as ZZnAl4Y die casting zinc alloy is widely applied to daily equipment superior to instruments and equipment due to the characteristics of low melting point, good casting performance and the like. The die-casting zinc alloy products are over 500, and can be widely applied to automobiles, tractors, daily building hardware, electromechanical equipment, instruments, stationery toys and the like. The die-casting zinc alloy is originated from the Zn-4Al-3Cu alloy developed and developed by New Jersey company in the beginning of 20 th century, and then a series of researches and researches on the performance improvement are carried out around the Zn-4Al-3Cu alloy. Through a series of subsequent improvements, a series of Aamak alloys are successfully developed.
To date, Zn-Al alloys have been developed to the point where the furnace fire is pure green, with ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy being widely used in industry. However, the domestic ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy has low quality, and the high-quality ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy is greatly imported. The main reason why the domestic ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy has lower quality is that: 1) the content of impurities in the alloy is too high; 2) the control precision of the alloy components is low; 3) the uniformity of the alloy structure is poor; 4) the mechanical property of the alloy is lower.
Patent CN 103060583 discloses a method for refining the structure of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, which indicates that the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt is directly cast and molded in liquid nitrogen environment, and has the effect of refining the structure of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. The method mainly utilizes the enhancement of the radiation heat transfer effect of liquid metal in the liquid nitrogen atmosphere to achieve the purpose of cooling the metal liquid, but the radiation heat transfer effect is limited, and the liquid nitrogen environment must be formed in a closed space.
At present, the mechanical properties of zinc alloy are improved mainly by methods of accurately controlling alloy components, improving alloy purity, performing various modification treatments, controlling smelting temperature, strengthening degassing and deslagging of zinc alloy liquid and the like in industry. The invention develops a new way, the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid flows through a liquid nitrogen cooled copper pipe, and the alloy liquid is rapidly cooled to be near the eutectic temperature and solidified in a room temperature metal mold through the contact heat transfer of the metal liquid and the low temperature copper pipe, so that the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy with high obdurability is obtained, and a novel casting method for improving the mechanical property of the zinc alloy is found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for casting ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy, which can obviously improve the microstructure of the alloy and the tensile strength, the elongation and the impact toughness of the alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a casting method of ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy with high strength and toughness comprises the steps of casting ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid at room temperature of 540-620 ℃ into a metal mold at room temperature after passing through a copper pipe precooled by liquid nitrogen to obtain the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy with high strength and toughness, wherein the copper pipe is obliquely arranged. Through the contact heat transfer of molten metal and a low-temperature copper pipe, the alloy liquid is rapidly cooled to be near the eutectic temperature and is solidified in a room-temperature metal mold, so that the aims of improving the alloy microstructure and remarkably improving the tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness of the alloy are fulfilled, and the toughness of the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy is further remarkably improved.
Further, the preparation method of the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid comprises the following steps: smelting ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy raw material at 680 +/-5 ℃ to obtain molten metal, fully stirring, cooling to 540 ℃, 580 ℃ or 620 ℃, degassing, deslagging, refining, and then preserving heat and standing for 30 minutes to obtain the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid.
Further, the method for cooling the copper pipe by liquid nitrogen comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the copper pipe into a heat-preservation tank containing liquid nitrogen, wherein the liquid nitrogen is filled in an amount which ensures that the copper pipe is completely immersed into the liquid nitrogen, and the immersion time is 5-10 minutes. The ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid with 540 ℃, 580 ℃ and 620 ℃ flows through a copper pipe precooled by liquid nitrogen, and the alloy liquid is rapidly cooled to be near the eutectic temperature and solidified in a room temperature metal mold through the contact heat transfer of the metal liquid and the low-temperature copper pipe, so that the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy with high obdurability is obtained.
Furthermore, the inclination angle of the copper pipe is 25-40 degrees, and further preferably 30 degrees.
Further, the inner side of the upper end of the copper pipe is provided with a chamfer, and the chamfer is more preferably 38 degrees.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: in the common casting process of the zinc alloy, high-temperature zinc alloy is generally directly poured into a metal mold with low room temperature or preheating temperature for casting and forming, and because the temperature of the molten liquid is high, the alloy liquid has a strong preheating effect on the metal mold, so that the temperature of the metal mold is obviously increased, the solidification speed of the zinc alloy liquid is reduced, and finally the microstructure of the zinc alloy is relatively coarse, so that the mechanical property of the zinc alloy is low. The invention adopts the precooling copper pipe to forcibly cool the zinc alloy liquid, and the heat in the liquid metal is absorbed greatly by the contact heat transfer of the molten metal and the low-temperature copper pipe, so that the temperature of the zinc alloy liquid entering the metal mold is greatly reduced (near the eutectic temperature), and the solidification speed of the zinc alloy is increased because the temperature difference between the zinc alloy liquid and the metal mold is larger, and finally, the solidification structure of the zinc alloy is obviously refined, and the toughness of the zinc alloy is obviously improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: 1. the heat transfer speed of the heat transfer mode is obviously higher than that of the radiation heat transfer mode under the liquid nitrogen atmosphere through the contact heat transfer mode of the molten metal and the low-temperature copper pipe; 2. when molten metal flows through the slender low-temperature copper pipe, the molten metal flows, so that the temperature of the molten metal is more uniform; 4. the casting is cast in the liquid nitrogen atmosphere environment, and the metal liquid problem has obvious internal and external temperature difference, so that the defect can be overcome; 5. the invention can achieve the purpose of improving the microstructure of the alloy and obviously improving the tensile strength, the elongation and the impact toughness of the alloy, and can produce zinc alloy products with high internal quality.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the microstructure at the center of the cross-section of a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen prepared in a comparative example.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the microstructure of a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen 1/2R made in accordance with a comparative example.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the microstructure at the surface of a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen prepared in a comparative example.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure at the center of the cross-section of a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen made in example 1.
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the microstructure at the surface of ZZnAl4Y Zinc alloy specimen 1/2R made in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a photograph of the microstructure at the surface of a 1ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen prepared in example.
FIG. 7 is a photograph of the microstructure at the center of the cross-section of a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen made in example 2.
FIG. 8 is a photograph of the microstructure at the surface of ZZnAl4Y Zinc alloy specimen 1/2R made in example 2.
FIG. 9 is a photograph of the microstructure at the surface of a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen made in example 2.
FIG. 10 is a photograph of the microstructure at the center of the cross-section of a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen made in example 3.
FIG. 11 is a photograph of the microstructure at the surface of ZZnAl4Y Zinc alloy specimen 1/2R made in example 3.
FIG. 12 is a photograph of the microstructure at the surface of a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen made in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the following examples:
the cross-sections of the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen 1/2R were taken as microstructural photographs of the cross-sections of the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen in the following examples and comparative examples, wherein the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy specimen was a cylinder, R was the radius of the cross-section of the cylinder, and the cross-section at 1/2R was the cross-section at 1/2R from the end of the cylinder (i.e., the cross-section was taken perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder).
Comparative example:
step 1, zinc alloy raw material proportioning: the raw materials adopted are industrial pure zinc (99.9%) and industrial pure aluminum (99.9%). The mass ratio of each component is calculated, and the components are weighed by adopting a Mettler XS105 electronic balance, and the weight percentage of the components is as follows: 95.9 percent of industrial pure zinc and 4.1 percent of industrial pure aluminum.
Step 2, smelting zinc alloy
And (3) putting the zinc alloy raw material and the covering agent prepared in the step (1) into a high-temperature-resistant corundum crucible, and putting the crucible into a smelting furnace when the temperature in the smelting furnace reaches 680 ℃. And after the sample is completely melted into molten metal, fully stirring the molten metal by using a high-temperature-resistant quartz rod to prevent component segregation. Stopping supplying power, reducing the temperature of the metal liquid to 620 ℃, refining the alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 30 minutes to obtain the zinc alloy liquid.
Step 3, tapping and casting
And (3) pouring the zinc alloy melt prepared in the step (2) into a metal mold at room temperature to obtain a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy sample.
The tensile test sample adopts a standard test sample (GB-T228-.
The microstructure of the casted ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy is shown in figures 1-3, the microstructure is mostly dendritic crystal, plum blossom-shaped and other non-equiaxial crystal, and the size difference of crystal grains from the center of the section to the surface is large. The tensile strength of the alloy is 245MPa, and the elongation is 2.5%. The impact work of the alloy was 23J.
Example 1:
step 1, batching: the raw materials adopted are industrial pure zinc (99.9%) and industrial pure aluminum (99.9%). The mass ratio of each component is calculated, and the components are weighed by adopting a Mettler XS105 electronic balance, and the weight percentage of the components is as follows: 95.9 percent of industrial pure zinc and 4.1 percent of industrial pure aluminum.
Step 2, smelting zinc alloy
And (3) putting the zinc alloy raw material and the covering agent prepared in the step (1) into a high-temperature-resistant corundum crucible, and putting the crucible into a smelting furnace when the temperature in the smelting furnace reaches 680 ℃. And after the sample is completely melted into molten metal, fully stirring the molten metal by using a high-temperature-resistant quartz rod to prevent component segregation. Stopping supplying power, reducing the temperature of the metal liquid to 620 ℃, refining the alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 30 minutes to obtain the zinc alloy liquid.
Step 3, precooling the copper pipe
The temperature, the length, the thickness and the inclination angle of the copper pipe determine the temperature and the speed of the flowing zinc alloy liquid, the size of the copper pipe in the embodiment is 304mm in length, 50mm in outer diameter, 24mm in inner diameter and 38 degrees in chamfer angle at one end of the copper pipe, and the copper pipe is immersed in a liquid nitrogen tank and is kept warm for 5-10 minutes.
Step 4, tapping and casting
And (3) taking the pre-cooled copper pipe out of the liquid nitrogen tank, wherein the temperature of the copper pipe is about-120 ℃, then injecting the zinc alloy melt prepared in the step (2) into the pre-cooled copper pipe inclined at 30 ℃, and finally casting the zinc alloy melt into a metal mold at room temperature through the pre-cooled copper pipe to obtain the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy sample.
The tensile test sample adopts a standard test sample (GB-T228-.
The microstructure of the casted ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy is shown in figures 4-6, compared with the comparative example, the microstructure of the alloy is changed from coarse dendritic and plum blossom-shaped non-equiaxed crystals into very fine and uniform equiaxed crystals, the size difference of the crystal grains from the surface of the cross section to the center is obviously reduced, and the microstructure is more uniform. The tensile strength of the alloy is 332MPa, which is improved by 35.5 percent compared with that of comparative example 1; the elongation is 5.6%, which is improved by 124% compared with the comparative example. The impact work of the alloy was 28.5J, which is 23.9% higher than that of comparative example 1.
Example 2:
step 1, batching: the raw materials adopted are industrial pure zinc (99.9%) and industrial pure aluminum (99.9%). The mass ratio of each component is calculated, and the components are weighed by adopting a Mettler XS105 electronic balance, and the weight percentage of the components is as follows: 95.9 percent of industrial pure zinc and 4.1 percent of industrial pure aluminum.
Step 2, smelting zinc alloy
And (3) putting the zinc alloy raw material and the covering agent prepared in the step (1) into a high-temperature-resistant corundum crucible, and putting the crucible into a smelting furnace when the temperature in the smelting furnace reaches 680 ℃. After the sample is completely melted into molten metal, the molten metal is fully stirred by a high-temperature resistant quartz rod to prevent component segregation. Stopping supplying power, reducing the temperature of the metal liquid to 580 ℃, refining the alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 30 minutes to obtain the zinc alloy liquid.
Step 3, precooling the copper pipe
The temperature, the length, the thickness and the inclination angle of the copper pipe determine the temperature and the speed of the flowing zinc alloy liquid, the size of the copper pipe in the embodiment is 304mm in length, 50mm in outer diameter, 24mm in inner diameter and 38 degrees in chamfer angle at one end of the copper pipe, and the copper pipe is immersed in a liquid nitrogen tank and is kept warm for 5-10 minutes.
Step 4, tapping and casting
And (3) taking the pre-cooled copper pipe out of the liquid nitrogen tank, wherein the temperature of the copper pipe is about-120 ℃, then injecting the zinc alloy melt prepared in the step (2) into the pre-cooled copper pipe inclined at 30 ℃, and finally casting the zinc alloy melt into a metal mold at room temperature through the pre-cooled copper pipe to obtain the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy sample.
The tensile test sample adopts a standard test sample (GB-T228-.
The microstructure of the casted ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy is shown in figures 7-9, the microstructure is mostly spherical equiaxed crystal, the uniformity of the microstructure is worse than that of example 1, and the microstructure is coarsened. The tensile strength of the alloy is 306MPa, and the elongation is 5.6%. The impact work of the alloy was 26J. The toughness of the alloy was not as good as that of example 1.
Example 3:
step 1, batching: the raw materials adopted are industrial pure zinc (99.9%) and industrial pure aluminum (99.9%). The mass ratio of each component is calculated, and the components are weighed by adopting a Mettler XS105 electronic balance, and the weight percentage of the components is as follows: 95.9 percent of industrial pure zinc and 4.1 percent of industrial pure aluminum.
Step 2, smelting zinc alloy
And (3) putting the zinc alloy raw material and the covering agent prepared in the step (1) into a high-temperature-resistant corundum crucible, and putting the crucible into a smelting furnace when the temperature in the smelting furnace reaches 680 ℃. And after the sample is completely melted into molten metal, fully stirring the molten metal by using a high-temperature-resistant quartz rod to prevent component segregation. Stopping supplying power, reducing the temperature of the metal liquid to 540 ℃, refining the alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 30 minutes to obtain the zinc alloy liquid.
Step 3, precooling the copper pipe
The temperature, the length, the thickness and the inclination angle of the copper pipe determine the temperature and the speed of the flowing zinc alloy liquid, the size of the copper pipe in the embodiment is 304mm in length, 50mm in outer diameter, 24mm in inner diameter and 38 degrees in chamfer angle at one end of the copper pipe, and the copper pipe is immersed in a liquid nitrogen tank and is kept warm for 5-10 minutes.
Step 4, tapping and casting
And (3) taking the pre-cooled copper pipe out of the liquid nitrogen tank, wherein the temperature of the copper pipe is about-120 ℃, then injecting the zinc alloy melt prepared in the step (2) into the pre-cooled copper pipe, and finally casting the zinc alloy melt into a metal mold at room temperature through the pre-cooled copper pipe to obtain a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy sample.
The tensile test sample adopts a standard test sample (GB-T228-.
The microstructure of the casted ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy is shown in figures 10-12, the microstructure is mostly spherical isometric crystal, the uniformity of the microstructure is worse than that of the microstructure of the embodiment 2, and the microstructure is coarsened. The tensile strength of the alloy is 298MPa, and the elongation is 5.3%. The impact work of the alloy was 25.5J. The toughness of the alloy was not as good as that of example 2.
The mechanical property test results of the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative example are shown in Table 1, and the impact test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1ZZnAl4Y mechanical Properties of Zinc alloy
TABLE 2ZZnAl4Y Zinc alloy impact test data
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be equivalent or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A casting method of ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy with high strength and toughness is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of casting a ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid with the temperature of 540-620 ℃ into a metal mold at room temperature through a copper pipe which is precooled by liquid nitrogen and placed obliquely, so as to obtain the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy with high strength and toughness, wherein the temperature of the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid entering the metal mold is close to the eutectic temperature.
2. The method of casting high toughness ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid comprises the following steps: smelting ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy raw material at 680 +/-5 ℃ to obtain molten metal, fully stirring, cooling to 540 ℃, 580 ℃ or 620 ℃, degassing, deslagging, refining, and then preserving heat and standing for 30 minutes to obtain the ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy liquid.
3. The method of casting high toughness ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method for cooling the copper pipe by using the liquid nitrogen comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the copper pipe into a heat-preservation tank containing liquid nitrogen, wherein the liquid nitrogen is filled in an amount which ensures that the copper pipe is completely immersed into the liquid nitrogen, and the immersion time is 5-10 minutes.
4. The method of casting high toughness ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inclination angle of the copper pipe is 25-40 degrees.
5. The method of casting high toughness ZZnAl4Y zinc alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a chamfer is arranged on the inner side of the upper end of the copper pipe.
6. The method of casting high toughness ZZnAl4Y Zn alloy as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the chamfer angle of the upper end of the copper pipe is 38 degrees.
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| EP0508858B1 (en) * | 1991-04-01 | 1997-01-15 | Falmex S.A. De C.V. | Improvements on an extrusion process of zinc-based alloys |
| CN102433452A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-05-02 | 常州大学 | Reverse modification treatment method of ZZnAl4Y die-casting zinc alloy |
| CN102808116A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-12-05 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing high-performance die casting zinc alloys |
| CN102888534A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-01-23 | 常州大学 | Heterogeneous enhanced ZZnAl4Y die cast zinc alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN108467955A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-31 | 常州大学 | A kind of method that Al-16Si transcocrystallized Al-Si alloys obtain whole pseudoeutectic tissues |
| CN109022918A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-18 | 常州大学 | A kind of siliceous high tenacity ZZnAl4Y zinc die casting alloys and preparation method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-10-15 CN CN201910976780.6A patent/CN110629057B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0508858B1 (en) * | 1991-04-01 | 1997-01-15 | Falmex S.A. De C.V. | Improvements on an extrusion process of zinc-based alloys |
| CN102433452A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-05-02 | 常州大学 | Reverse modification treatment method of ZZnAl4Y die-casting zinc alloy |
| CN102808116A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-12-05 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing high-performance die casting zinc alloys |
| CN102888534A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-01-23 | 常州大学 | Heterogeneous enhanced ZZnAl4Y die cast zinc alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN108467955A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-31 | 常州大学 | A kind of method that Al-16Si transcocrystallized Al-Si alloys obtain whole pseudoeutectic tissues |
| CN109022918A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-18 | 常州大学 | A kind of siliceous high tenacity ZZnAl4Y zinc die casting alloys and preparation method thereof |
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