CN112553510A - Microalloying die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microalloying die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared by adopting high vacuum die casting and T6 heat treatment processes, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.50 to 7.50 percent of silicon, 0.30 to 0.45 percent of magnesium, 0.45 to 0.65 percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.25 percent of chromium, 0.10 to 0.15 percent of titanium, 100ppm to 200ppm of strontium, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of iron and the balance of aluminum. The aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the invention has higher strength and higher toughness in both an as-cast state and a heat treatment state, and has good forming performance and high dimensional precision; for large complex thin-wall castings, the alloy can provide higher performance in an as-cast state and prevent deformation in the heat treatment process. Has wide application prospect in the fields of automobiles, rail transit and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
When the weight of the vehicle body is reduced by 100kg, the oil consumption can be reduced by 0.7L/100 km. The current means of lightening automobiles is to replace the traditional steel materials with high-strength and high-toughness lightweight materials, wherein the most widely applied lightweight materials are aluminum alloy materials which have good plastic toughness, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and processability, and the density of the aluminum alloy materials is only 1/3 of that of steel materials and the specific strength of the aluminum alloy materials is higher.
Die-casting has advantages such as shaping efficiency is high, casting size precision is high, and the roll up gas phenomenon appears easily in traditional die-casting process, and the gas that is detained in the casting forms the cavern and endangers material mechanical properties. During the subsequent heat treatment, blistering of the die casting surface occurs, which in the extreme case even leads to rejection of the casting. The high vacuum die casting adopts a special device to pump out gas in the cavity, and reduces the gas pressure of the cavity when liquid metal is filled, thereby greatly reducing the amount of involved gas, reducing the difficulty of subsequent heat treatment and further improving the performance of castings.
The AlSiMg alloy has the characteristics of excellent casting performance, good comprehensive mechanical property and corrosion resistance and the like, and the mechanical property of the alloy can be further improved through solution aging treatment. AlSi10MgMn is the most common AlSiMg-based die casting alloy. The as-cast properties are as follows: the yield strength is 120-160 MPa, the tensile strength is 250-290 MPa, and the elongation is 5-11%; the heat treatment state properties are as follows: the yield strength is 200-230 MPa, the tensile strength is 280-310 MPa, and the elongation is 7-12%; it needs to be strengthened by heat treatment. The alloy has high yield strength and tensile strength due to the high Si content of the alloy, but the elongation of the alloy is relatively low. In order to realize less reduction of alloy strength, the elongation of the alloy is obviously improved, so that the aluminum alloy with better comprehensive mechanical properties is achieved. In recent years, high vacuum die casting with low Si content has received attention from researchers (Daohuan, Zhao Haidong, Li Changhai, Zhulin. influence of Cr content on microstructure of cast Al-3Si-0.4Mg alloy [ J ]. Special casting and colored alloys, 2019,39(12): 1371-1375.). The content of the eutectic region can be reduced by reducing the content of Si, and the performance of the AlSiMg alloy is improved by regulating and controlling various dispersed precipitated phases in the alpha-Al matrix through microalloying. The automobile structural parts are becoming larger and more complicated, and the performance requirements for the automobile structural parts are increasing, so that the development of high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof.
The die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the invention is a die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy which is formed by high-vacuum die-casting and has high strength and high toughness in both an as-cast state and a heat treatment state.
The invention utilizes the advantage of less eutectic structure of low-silicon alloy and good plasticity, combines a micro-alloying means and proper heat treatment to disperse and separate out double-nanometer precipitated phases, and improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy. The invention aims at providing a die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy which is formed by vacuum die-casting and has high strength and high toughness in both an as-cast state and a heat treatment state, and also aims at providing a preparation method of the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
The casting alloy of the invention has good fluidity due to the high content of Si element, and is suitable for manufacturing parts with complex structure and thin wall. When Mg element is dissolved in an Al matrix to form a solid solution, lattice distortion can be caused, and solid solution strengthening is generated; and due to the rapid cooling effect in the die casting process, the solid solubility of Mg element in the matrix can be further improved when the alloy is solidified in an unbalanced manner, and the solid solution strengthening effect is improved. And then a dispersed precipitation phase (beta' phase) is precipitated through subsequent solid solution aging treatment to serve as second phase strengthening particles, so that dislocation movement is hindered, and the mechanical property of the alloy is further improved.
Fe element often forms a coarse needle-shaped beta-Fe phase in the aluminum alloy, so that the matrix is cracked, great stress concentration is caused, the large stress concentration becomes the origin of crack generation and expansion, and the elongation and the strength of the alloy are reduced. However, the aluminum alloy has strong adhesion to the die, and the proper Fe element content is beneficial to demolding and prolonging the service life of the die. According to the invention, a proper amount of Cr and Mn elements are added to react with Fe element to generate an alpha-Fe phase with less harm to a substrate, the Fe content in the solution is reduced (less than or equal to 0.12%), and the harm of the Fe element to the aluminum alloy substrate is further neutralized.
The Cr element can also generate a Cr-containing dispersed precipitated phase with transition group elements Mn and Fe in the solution treatment process of the cast aluminum alloy, and has positive influence on the mechanical property of the die-cast alloy.
According to the invention, the Mg-containing and Cr-containing nanometer precipitated phase generated by solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening mechanisms is utilized by adding trace elements of Mg and Cr, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be further improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by at least one of the following technical solutions.
The invention provides a die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
in the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the invention, other inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.10 percent.
The die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the invention is prepared from high-purity aluminum, high-purity silicon, pure magnesium, Al-Mn10 intermediate alloy, Al-Cr10 intermediate alloy, AlSr intermediate alloy and AlTiB intermediate alloy.
The AlSr intermediate alloy is used as a modifier, and the AlTiB intermediate alloy is used as a refiner.
The die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the invention is prepared by adopting high-vacuum die-casting and T6 heat treatment processes.
The method for preparing the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) heating high-purity aluminum to be molten, adding high-purity silicon, pure magnesium, Al-Cr10 and Al-Mn10 intermediate alloy, melting the alloy, uniformly mixing, adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy and Al-10Ti-B intermediate alloy, melting the alloy, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding a solid refining agent into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), heating for refining, degassing, standing, and slagging off to obtain refined mixed solution;
(3) preheating a mould to 200-300 ℃, then pouring the refined mixed solution obtained in the step (2) into the mould, and carrying out vacuum die-casting treatment to obtain a casting;
(4) and (4) heating the casting in the step (3), carrying out T6 heat treatment, discharging and air cooling to obtain the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
Further, the temperature rise rate of the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) is 140-160 ℃ per hour, and the temperature rise of the high-purity aluminum to the melting temperature is 660-680 ℃.
Preferably, the rate of temperature rise of the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) is 150 ℃ per hour, and the temperature of the high-purity aluminum rising to be molten is 670 ℃.
Further, the solid refining agent in the step (2) is a rare earth type multifunctional aluminum alloy deslagging refining agent produced by Xinyu casting equipment materials limited company, and the mass of the solid refining agent is 3-5 per mill of the mass of the mixed liquid.
Further, the temperature of the refining treatment in the step (2) is 670-.
Further, the degassing treatment time in the step (2) is 10-20 min.
Further, the standing time in the step (2) is 5-15 min.
Further, the release agent in the step (3) is a die-casting metal release agent (58% stock solution, 32% paraffin oil and 8% water)
Further, the casting temperature of the refined mixed solution in the step (3) is 670-.
Further, the T6 heat treatment of step (4) includes: the casting is solution treated, then quenched, followed by aging.
Preferably, the temperature of the solution treatment is 510-540 ℃, and the time of the solution treatment is 6-8 h; the temperature of the aging treatment is 160-200 ℃, and the time of the aging treatment is 4-8 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has higher strength and plasticity at the same time in the casting state and the heat treatment state, after die-casting, the yield strength can reach 130-275 MPa, the tensile strength can reach 260-275MPa, and the elongation can reach 10-15%; after T6 heat treatment, the yield strength can reach 240-275MPa, the tensile strength can reach 300-330MPa, and the elongation can reach 8-10%;
(2) the microalloying die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy contains 6.50 to 7.50 percent of silicon, the alloy smelting temperature is 670-;
(3) the microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy contains 0.30-0.45% of magnesium, a supersaturated solid solution is formed by utilizing the nonequilibrium solidification characteristic of the die-casting rapid cooling alloy, and a nano phase (beta phase) is dispersed and precipitated by aging treatment subsequently, so that the yield strength and the tensile strength are improved;
(4) the microalloying die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has the advantages that the iron content is less than or equal to 0.12 percent, the manganese content is 0.45-0.65 percent, the die-casting demoulding is ensured, meanwhile, the needle sheet-shaped beta-Fe phase is prevented from being formed through the proper proportion of the iron and the manganese elements, and the alloy plasticity is improved;
(5) the microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy contains 0.05-0.25% of chromium, the yield strength of the alloy is improved by the aid of a precipitated phase containing the chromium generated by reaction with transition group elements (Fe and Mn) in a heat treatment and solution stage, and the alloy and a dispersed precipitated nano phase (beta phase) form a double-nano precipitated phase to further improve comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy;
(6) the microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy can be prepared by vacuum die-casting, basically has no hole defect, and can be strengthened by solid solution heat treatment to further improve the alloy performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of Mg-containing nanophase precipitated by heat treatment in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of Cr-containing nanophase precipitated by heat treatment of example 3 in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the practice of the invention, but the practice and protection of the invention is not limited thereto. It is noted that the processes described below, if not specifically described in detail, are all realizable or understandable by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art. The reagents or apparatus used are not indicated to the manufacturer, and are considered to be conventional products available by commercial purchase.
All the raw materials are commercially available in the examples, which refer to the commercial solid refinery under the name: the rare earth type multifunctional aluminum alloy deslagging refining agent is purchased from Xinyu casting equipment materials Co.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: ingredients
TABLE 1
Step two: melting
Adding high-purity aluminum into a melting furnace, then heating up to 140 ℃ per hour, heating up to 670 ℃, after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially adding high-purity silicon, pure magnesium, Al-Cr10 and Al-Mn10 intermediate alloy, melting the alloy, ensuring the alloy components to be uniform, adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy and Al-10Ti-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, melting the alloy, then adding a commercial solid refining agent into the aluminum liquid according to the proportion (mass ratio) of 3 per mill, refining at 670 and 680 ℃, wherein the refining time is 5min, degassing by using argon or nitrogen, and slagging off after standing for 5 min.
Step three: vacuum die casting
The smelted alloy is adopted, the preheating temperature of a die is 180 ℃, the pouring temperature of the alloy is 675 ℃, the injection high-speed is 2.0m/s, the pressurizing pressure is 88MPa, the vacuum degree is 55mbar, and the vacuum die-casting time is 1.5 s.
Step four: thermal treatment
And (3) carrying out T6 heat treatment on the casting in a resistance furnace, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment for 6 hours at 540 ℃, then quenching, carrying out aging for 8 hours at 200 ℃, discharging and air cooling.
The alloy material obtained by the steps contains 7.70% of silicon, 0.07% of iron, 0.43% of magnesium, 0.45% of manganese, 0.05% of chromium, 0.14% of titanium, 190ppm of strontium, less than or equal to 0.10% of other elements and the balance of aluminum. The mechanical properties of the alloy mainly comprise yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, the mechanical property values are measured by a Japanese Shimadzu universal material testing machine, and the size of a tensile sample is in accordance with the national standard of GB/T228-2002 tensile sample. The mechanical properties of the die cast as-cast and after heat treatment at T6 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical properties of the alloy of example 1
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: ingredients
TABLE 3
Step two: melting
Adding high-purity aluminum into a melting furnace, then heating up to 160 ℃ per hour, heating up to 690 ℃, after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially adding high-purity silicon, pure magnesium, Al-Cr10 and Al-Mn10 intermediate alloy, melting the alloy, ensuring the alloy components to be uniform, adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy and Al-10Ti-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, melting the alloy, then adding a commercial solid refining agent into the aluminum liquid according to the proportion (mass ratio) of 5 per mill, refining at the temperature of 680 and 690 ℃, wherein the refining time is 15min, degassing by using argon or nitrogen, and slagging off after standing for 5 minutes.
Step three: vacuum die casting
The smelted alloy is adopted, the preheating temperature of a die is 200 ℃, the pouring temperature of the alloy is 685 ℃, the injection high-speed is 2.5m/s, the pressurization pressure is 78MPa, the vacuum degree is 70mbar, and the vacuum die-casting time is 2.5 s.
Step four: thermal treatment
And (3) carrying out T6 heat treatment on the casting in a resistance furnace, wherein the heat treatment process is that the casting is subjected to solution treatment for 8h at 510 ℃, then quenched, aged for 4h at 165 ℃, discharged from the furnace and cooled in air.
The alloy material obtained by the steps contains 5.83 percent of silicon, 0.08 percent of iron, 0.24 percent of magnesium, 0.64 percent of manganese, 0.10 percent of chromium, 0.10 percent of titanium, 120ppm of strontium, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of other elements and the balance of aluminum. The mechanical properties of the alloy mainly comprise yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, the mechanical property values are measured by a Japanese Shimadzu universal material testing machine, and the size of a tensile sample is in accordance with the national standard of GB/T228-2002 tensile sample. The mechanical properties of the die cast as-cast and after heat treatment at T6 are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 mechanical properties of the alloy of example 2
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: ingredients
TABLE 5
Step two: melting
Adding high-purity aluminum into a melting furnace, then heating to 150 ℃ per hour, heating to 680 ℃, after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially adding high-purity silicon, pure magnesium, Al-Cr10 and Al-Mn10 intermediate alloy, melting the alloy, ensuring the alloy components to be uniform, adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy and Al-10Ti-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, melting the alloy, then adding a commercial solid refining agent into the aluminum liquid according to the proportion (mass ratio) of 4 per mill, refining at 675-685 ℃, wherein the refining time is 10min, degassing by using argon or nitrogen, standing for 5min, and slagging off.
Step three: die casting
The melted alloy is adopted, the preheating temperature of a die is 190 ℃, the pouring temperature of the alloy is 680 ℃, the high-speed injection speed is 2.2m/s, the pressurization pressure is 80MPa, the vacuum degree is 65mbar, and the vacuum die-casting time is 2 s.
Step four: thermal treatment
The casting is subjected to T6 heat treatment in a resistance furnace, the heat treatment process is that the casting is subjected to solution treatment for 7h at 520 ℃ and then quenched, and then the casting is aged for 6h at 180 ℃, taken out of the furnace and cooled in air.
The alloy material obtained by the steps contains 6.85% of silicon, 0.11% of iron, 0.30% of magnesium, 0.55% of manganese, 0.20% of chromium, 0.13% of titanium, 160ppm of strontium, less than or equal to 0.10% of other elements and the balance of aluminum. The mechanical properties of the alloy mainly comprise yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, the mechanical property values are measured by a Japanese Shimadzu universal material testing machine, and the size of a tensile sample is in accordance with the national standard of GB/T228-2002 tensile sample. The mechanical properties of the die cast as-cast and after heat treatment T6 are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 mechanical properties of the alloy of example 3
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of Mg-containing nanophase precipitated by heat treatment in example 3 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a TEM image of Cr-containing nanophase precipitated by heat treatment of example 3 in the present invention. From fig. 1 and 2, Mg-containing nano-precipitates and Cr-containing nano-precipitates can be observed.
Strengthening mechanism of nano precipitated phase containing Mg and Cr: the nano phase dispersed in the aluminum matrix is used as a second phase to block the movement of dislocation, and the dislocation bypasses or cuts the second phase to move forwards continuously, so that the strength of the alloy is improved. Wherein, the more tiny the size of the second phase nano particles in dispersion distribution, the more uniform the distribution, and the more obvious the improvement of the performance.
The alloys of three groups of examples of the invention can observe Mg-containing nano precipitated phase and Cr-containing nano precipitated phase, and the conditions of Mg-containing nano precipitated phase and Cr-containing nano precipitated phase in the microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy prepared in the examples 1 and 2 can be seen in the graph of fig. 1 and 2.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, substitutions and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
2. a method of producing a microalloyed die-cast aluminium silicon alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) heating high-purity aluminum to be molten, adding high-purity silicon, pure magnesium, Al-Cr10 and Al-Mn10 intermediate alloy, melting the alloy, uniformly mixing, adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy and Al-10Ti-B intermediate alloy, melting the alloy, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding a solid refining agent into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), heating for refining, degassing, standing, and slagging off to obtain refined mixed solution;
(3) preheating a mould to 200-300 ℃, then pouring the refined mixed solution obtained in the step (2) into the mould, and carrying out vacuum die-casting treatment to obtain a casting;
(4) and (4) heating the casting in the step (3), carrying out T6 heat treatment, discharging and air cooling to obtain the microalloying die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
3. The method for preparing the microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature rise rate of the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) is 140-160 ℃ per hour, and the temperature rise rate of the high-purity aluminum is up to the melting temperature of 660-680 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the microalloyed die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the solid refining agent in the step (2) is a rare earth type multifunctional aluminum alloy deslagging refining agent produced by Xinyu casting equipment materials Co., Ltd, and the mass of the solid refining agent is 3-5% of the mass of the mixed solution.
5. The method for preparing the microalloyed die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the refining treatment in the step (2) is 670-690 ℃, and the time of the refining treatment is 5-15 min.
6. The method for preparing a microalloyed die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the standing time in the step (2) is 5 to 15 min.
7. The method for preparing a microalloyed die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the release agent in the step (3) is a die-cast metal release agent.
8. The method for preparing microalloyed die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the casting temperature of the refined mixed solution in the step (3) is 670-.
9. The method for preparing a microalloyed die-cast aluminum silicon alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the T6 heat treatment in the step (4) comprises the following steps: the casting is solution treated, then quenched, followed by aging.
10. The method for preparing the microalloyed die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 9, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 510-540 ℃, and the time of the solution treatment is 6-8 h; the temperature of the aging treatment is 160-200 ℃, and the time of the aging treatment is 4-8 h.
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| CN114959368A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-30 | 山东意吉希精密制造有限公司 | Al-Fe type motor rotor alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115478235A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-12-16 | 诸暨市海禾金属制品有限公司 | Heat treatment process of aluminum alloy material and high-ductility aluminum alloy material |
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