CN110622815A - Method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera tree root - Google Patents

Method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera tree root Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110622815A
CN110622815A CN201910972776.2A CN201910972776A CN110622815A CN 110622815 A CN110622815 A CN 110622815A CN 201910972776 A CN201910972776 A CN 201910972776A CN 110622815 A CN110622815 A CN 110622815A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
grafting
camellia
root
scion
tree
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201910972776.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN110622815B (en
Inventor
韦晓娟
马锦林
梁文汇
伍思宇
梁晓静
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
Original Assignee
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute filed Critical Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
Priority to CN201910972776.2A priority Critical patent/CN110622815B/en
Publication of CN110622815A publication Critical patent/CN110622815A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN110622815B publication Critical patent/CN110622815B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
    • A01G22/67—Dwarf trees, e.g. bonsai
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting of camellia root, which comprises the procedures of digging camellia, selecting tree root, grafting in the first step, potting, promoting germination and tip, grafting in the second step, managing, shaping and trimming, wherein the tree root suitable for camellia is selected as a grafting stock, camellia plant branches are collected as grafting scions, the grafting in the first step is carried out by adopting a scion cutting method, when the scions grafted in the first step survive for more than 6 months, the camellia plant branches are collected as grafting scions, the new tips extracted from the scions which survive in the first step are taken as grafting stocks, the grafting in the second step is carried out by adopting a scion splitting method, and the camellia which survive in the grafting step is trimmed and modeled according to the ideal shape of the miniascape after management. The method adopts the grafting developed by the tree roots of the camellia oleifera to realize the rapid seed change of the camellia oleifera low-yield forest, promotes the existing large-area camellia oleifera low-yield forest transformation project in China, reduces the resource waste, and has stronger ornamental value.

Description

Method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera tree root
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grafting of economic forest tree species, in particular to a method for cultivating camellia miniascape by a two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera roots.
Background
China is the distribution center of camellia plants, has extremely rich camellia germplasm resources, and vast camellia enthusiasts breed variant varieties (such as bud variant and leaf variant) from seedlings of camellia breeders, and simultaneously, a plurality of new camellia varieties with excellent ornamental properties are created by means of natural hybridization, artificial hybridization and the like. The camellia plants are various in color and beautiful and have various postures, the flowering period of the camellia plants meets the traditional good seasons such as New year, spring festival, New year and the like, and when the positive value of flowers withers and flowers wither, the beautiful camellia flowers add a plurality of festival atmospheres for festivals, so that the camellia plants are increasingly used for landscaping and beautification, and camellia bonsais with high economic value gradually enter thousands of households.
The camellia oleifera is an important woody edible oil tree species peculiar to China, is called four major woody oil plants in the world together with olive, palm and coconut, and is called four major woody oil plants in China together with Chinese tallow tree, tung tree and walnut. At present, the area of the oil tea in China is about 6000 mu, and the oil tea is widely distributed in 18 provinces (regions) in the south.
About 60% of the existing oil-tea camellia forests in China belong to low-yield low-efficiency forests, therefore, a considerable part of the low-yield forests need to be transformed, wherein one of the most common transformation measures is to perform high-grafting seed change, namely, the high-quality oil-tea camellia varieties are replaced by adopting a grafting mode at the higher part of the oil-tea camellia tree body of the low-yield forests, so that the seed change is quickly realized and the yield is increased, but in the specific oil-tea camellia improved variety transformation process, a considerable amount of low-yield oil-tea camellia forests are abandoned and eliminated due to various reasons, and great resource waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating camellia miniascape by a two-step grafting method of camellia root, which can realize quick seed change of low-yield camellia forests, reduce resource waste and has strong ornamental value.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating camellia miniascape by a two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera roots,
the main operation steps are as follows:
(1) digging oil tea and selecting tree root
Preparing a nursery land: selecting a land with flat terrain, leeward and sunny appearance and good drainage and irrigation as a bonsai cultivation nursery land; the width of the footpath is 40cm, the width of the ridge is 1.2m, and the ridge length is according to the terrain, and furrows are dug and drained on site;
secondly, building a shed: building a shading shed on the prepared nursery for shading, wherein the height of the shading shed is 2.0-2.5 m, and the shading degree is 75-80%;
thirdly, mining and digging time: digging in the last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 10 months;
selecting tree roots: selecting proper tree roots of the camellia oleifera, and sectioning the tree roots by using sharp saws and knives; the cut tree root section is suitable for completing grafting and potting as soon as possible; if grafting cannot be completed in time, piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 30-40 cm in a cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the root section of the tree with clean water, slightly and obliquely inserting the tree into the sand, covering the surface of the root section with sand for 5-10 cm, and storing for 3-5 d;
fifth, disinfection: soaking and disinfecting the cut tree root sections for 10-20 min by using a disinfection solution, taking out, washing by using clear water, and airing for 3-5 min to serve as the stock for later use;
(2) first step grafting
Firstly, scion collection: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of camellia plants as grafting scions; when the scion wood is transported for a long distance, the base part of the scion wood is packed and boxed by absorbent cotton which absorbs enough water, preferably transported at night, and moisture is kept in the process;
storing the ear strips: piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 20-25 cm in a cellar or an indoor cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the scion wood with clear water, slightly burying the scion wood in the sand, covering the surface of the scion wood with the sand for 5-10 cm, and storing the scion wood for 5-7 days;
③ the grafting method: grafting by adopting a cutting grafting method, wherein 2-3 scions are grafted on each root section, and the intervals between every two scions are uniform;
(3) upper basin
Sterilizing: after the first step of grafting is finished, spraying 1 time of disinfection solution on the whole grafted tree root section for primary disinfection and sterilization;
processing a rooting solution: preparing a rooting solution, soaking the root sections below the grafting part for 0.5-1.0 h, and taking out for later use;
filling a matrix: firstly, laying a layer of clean and fresh river sand or pebbles with the thickness of 15-20 cm as a drainage layer on the bottom layer of a seedling culture container with proper size and good permeability, and then filling a substrate with the thickness of 35-45 cm on the drainage layer;
fourthly, potting and planting: completing potting and planting on the same day after the first-step grafting of the tree root is completed; before planting, firstly drilling holes with the proper depth, wherein the holes are large as the appearance shape of the whole tree root section, vertically placing the grafted tree root section into the holes, most of the tree root section is embedded into the matrix, only the length of 3-5 cm at the upper part of the tree root section is left, the grafting opening and the scion are exposed out of the surface of the matrix, compacting the matrix around the tree root section, pouring enough root fixing water, and neatly placing seedling containers on the prepared bed surface, wherein the interval between every two seedling containers is 15-20 cm;
moisture preservation: each seedling raising container is independently moisturized; covering the whole agricultural film with the specification of 0.04mm from top to bottom to the lower part of the opening of the seedling container, and supporting the agricultural film by using 2-3 bamboo or wood strips, so that the agricultural film is in an arc arch shape, the agricultural film is not required to touch scions, and a bag opening below the opening of the seedling container is tightly tied to form a sealed moisture-preserving cover;
(4) promoting germination and shoot
Firstly, after grafting survival in the first step, cutting the scion grafted by the terminal bud by utilizing scissors to promote sprouting;
secondly, spraying 300-500 mg/L6-BA liquid medicine to the truncated scions and other scions which survive by lateral bud grafting for germination promotion and tip promotion;
(5) second step grafting
Grafting time: when the scion grafted in the first step survives, performing second-step grafting for more than 6 months;
collecting scions: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of camellia plants as grafting scions;
③ the grafting method: taking 1-2 shoots extracted by the scion survived by the first-step grafting and fully lignified shoots as a grafting stock, and reserving 1-2 shoots which germinate without grafting; grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, and moisturizing again by adopting the same moisturizing method as the grafting in the first step after grafting; secondly, checking the survival rate after grafting for one month, and performing supplementary grafting by grasping the survived tree;
(6) managing
Management: spraying carbendazim or zineb and thiophanate methyl solution with the volume concentration of 0.3-0.5% for 1 time every 15-20 days, and spraying monopotassium phosphate or phylloxanthin with the volume concentration of 0.2-0.3% to the grafting scion; keeping the humidity in the moisture-keeping cover, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests such as camellia anthracnose, camellia diamond back moth and the like according to a conventional method;
secondly, unbinding: removing the grafting bandage in spring of 12 months to next year; when the scion begins to sprout and expand leaves, removing the agricultural film;
transplanting: transplanting the grafted tree root segment after surviving in the pot for one year;
(7) pruning and pruning
After the plant division and transplantation, when a new tip grows 23-26 cm and is basically lignified, the grafted and alive camellia is trimmed and modeled according to the ideal shape of the bonsai by combining the conventional procedures of pinching, bud picking, branch thinning, branch pulling and the like.
Preferably, the varieties of the oil tea in the step (1) comprise fragrant flower oil tea, common oil tea and Luchuan oil tea; the camellia plants in the step (2) comprise camellia black peony, maoycha, vein-showing camellia tea and small flower camellia chrysantha; the camellia plants in the step (5) comprise camellia chrysantha and other camellia plants with strong ornamental value, such as black magic tea, maoya tea, middle east camellia chrysantha and the like.
Preferably, the digging in the step (1) is to remove all parts above the ground diameter of the camellia oleifera and only leave all tree roots below the ground diameter; the tree roots dug do not have mud, and the original main root length and the lateral root systems of the camellia oleifera are kept as much as possible.
Preferably, the length of the longest part of each section of the root of the suitable tree root in the step (1) is 20-30 cm, the length of at least 2cm of the top end of each section of the root is straight, and the diameter of the root is 2-10 cm; and when the segmentation interception is carried out, the root section of each tree also keeps as many lateral root systems as possible.
Preferably, the cutting and grafting method in the step (2) is that a smooth side is selected on the cross section of the upper end of the tree root segment, the edge is cut off a little to form a sloping edge, and then the cutting edge is vertically cut downwards from the cambium part along the sloping surface, and the depth of the cut is 1.0 cm-1.2 cm; the length of the scion is 4-5 cm, one side of the smooth back bud is selected, a smooth section is cut downwards at a position about 0.5 cm away from the bud and is deep to the xylem, the cut section length is consistent with the cut of the stock, a 20-30-degree inclined plane is cut at the lower end of the back surface of the stock to be intersected with the stock, the cut surface is smooth, and one bud with one leaf or two leaves and two buds are reserved; vertically inserting the cut scions into the cut root cuts, keeping cambium layers on one side aligned and buds on the outer side, finally tightly binding the scions from bottom to top by using a plastic film binding band special for grafting, paying attention to the fact that bud eyes are exposed, and tensioning the scions during binding to prevent the scions from moving;
and (5) the cleft grafting method is characterized in that the young shoots of the scions grafted in the first step are taken as grafting stocks, the young shoots are cut off at straight positions 5 cm-10 cm away from the base parts of the stocks, and then the young shoots are vertically split along the medullary heart and are 1.0 cm-1.2 cm deep. Cutting two sides of the scion bud into double inclined planes in a wedge shape, wherein the cutting plane is 30 degrees, the cutting plane length is consistent with the cut of the stock, the cutting plane is smooth, and one leaf and one bud or two leaves and two buds are reserved; the cut scion is inserted into the split stock interface, the scion and the stock cambium are aligned, the bud is on the outer side, and finally the scion is tightly bound by a plastic film belt special for grafting from bottom to top, and the scion is tensioned during binding to prevent the scion from moving.
Preferably, the disinfecting solution in the step (1) and the step (3) is a carbendazim or zineb and thiophanate methyl solution mixed with peppermint water; wherein the volume concentration of the carbendazim or zineb and thiophanate methyl solution is 0.3-0.5 percent, and the volume ratio of the peppermint water is 2.5 percent; the peppermint water is a leaching liquor obtained by soaking 10g of dried peppermint leaves in 1L of boiled water for 24 hours.
Preferably, the rooting solution of the step (3) comprises the following raw materials: 500mg/L NAA 300, 5-10mg/L brassinolide and 5-10mg/L folic acid.
Preferably, the seedling container in the step (3) is a tile pot or a non-woven fabric seedling bag; the specification is that the diameter of an opening is 60-80 cm, the height is 50-60 cm, and the diameter of the bottom is 30-40 cm.
Preferably, the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 85-90% of clean yellow core soil and 10-15% of clean fresh river sand, which are uniformly mixed; and (3) disinfecting the drainage layer and the matrix in the seedling culture container by using a potassium permanganate solution with the weight concentration of 0.2-0.5% 2-3 days before potting.
Preferably, the number of the root segments planted on the pot in the step (3) is determined according to the size of the root segments: the diameter of the tree root section is 2-5 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is small, 8-10 plants are preferably planted in each pot, and the interval between the tree root sections is 10-15 cm; the diameter of each tree root section is 6-10 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is large, 3-5 plants are planted in each pot, and the interval between every two tree root sections is 15-20 cm; the planted tree root sections can not be overlapped in a crossing way.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the camellia miniascape cultivated by the two-step grafting method has the advantages that the stocks of the camellia miniascape, the common camellia oleifera and the Luchuan camellia oleifera have strong adaptability to natural environments such as drought, waterlogging, acid, alkali, salt and high temperature, the scion grafted in the first step is a camellia plant which is selected from black camellia, maoyao camellia, vein-showing camellia, small flower camellia, and the like, has strong environmental adaptability, vigorous growth and high affinity with camellia oleifera grafting, the scion and the camellia oleifera stocks can quickly heal and germinate new shoots, and the germinated new shoots grow quickly.
2. The first step of grafting is grafting by selecting camellia plants and camellia roots and adopting a cut-grafting method, wherein the cut-grafting method is suitable for grafting according to the old tree roots and the hard tree roots of the camellia trees, and if cleft grafting is adopted, the interface is not smooth, so that the grafting survival rate is influenced; the second step of grafting adopts a cleft grafting method, the selected rootstock adopts a new shoot extracted by the scion which survives in the first step of grafting as a grafting rootstock, the tree age of the rootstock is young, the diameter of the rootstock is thick and small, the branch is not old and hard, the cleft grafting method is very suitable for grafting, the interface is smooth, and the grafting survival rate is high; the two-step grafting method adopted by the invention is scientific and reasonable, and the grafting survival rate can reach more than 90%; in the grafting method, the division of the cells of the scion and the phloem forming layer of the base of the stock is active, the vitality is vigorous, and the grafting survival rate is high, so that the grafting method is worthy of popularization.
3. According to the invention, because camellia plants such as black camellia, purple camellia, vein-showing camellia and camellia nitidissima are selected as the grafting scions in the first step, the camellia plants are high in ornamental value, the germinated young shoots are used for grafting the rootstocks in the second step, 1-2 germinated young shoots are reserved as a part of bonsai landscaping, the multi-color shape of the bonsai is added, and the ornamental value is improved.
4. According to the growth characteristics of the roots of the camellia oleifera, the prepared disinfection solution is not easily infected by germs in the cultivation process of the grafting root segments, and the disease and insect resistance is improved; the rooting solution is prepared before the grafting seedling is planted in the pot to soak the tree roots below the grafting part, so that the growth of the grafting root system can be promoted, the quality of the root system can be improved, the grafted seedling can grow rapidly, the adaptability is strong, and the survival rate is further improved.
5. The method adopts the grafting of the roots of the camellia oleifera to realize the rapid seed change of the camellia oleifera low-yield forest, promotes the existing large-area camellia oleifera low-yield forest transformation project in China, reduces the resource waste, realizes the full utilization of the camellia oleifera low-yield forest resources, and has better economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1:
(1) digging oil tea and selecting tree root
Preparing a nursery land: in the middle and last 3 months of 2012, selecting a land block with flat terrain, leeward and sunny appearance and good drainage and irrigation as a bonsai cultivation nursery land; the width of the footpath is 40cm, the width of the ridge is 1.2m, and the ridge length is according to the terrain, and furrows are dug and drained on site;
secondly, building a shed: building a shading shed on the prepared nursery for shading, wherein the height of the shading shed is 2.0-2.5 m, and the shading degree is 75-80%;
thirdly, mining and digging time: digging in the last ten days of 5 months to the last 8 months;
digging, namely removing all parts above the ground diameter of the camellia oleifera and only reserving all tree roots below the ground diameter; the excavated tree roots have no mud, and the original main root length and the lateral root systems of the camellia oleifera are kept as much as possible;
selecting tree roots: selecting proper tree roots of the camellia oleifera, and sectioning the tree roots by using a sharp saw and a knife; the length of the longest part of each section of the root section of the proper tree root is 20-30 cm, the length of at least 2cm downwards from the top end of each section of the root section of the proper tree root is straight, and the diameter of the root is 2-10 cm thick; when segmentation interception is carried out, as many lateral root systems as possible are reserved in each tree root section;
the cut tree root section is suitable for completing grafting and potting as soon as possible; if grafting cannot be completed in time, piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 30-40 cm in a cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the root section of the tree with clean water, slightly and obliquely inserting the tree into the sand, covering the surface of the root section with sand for 5-10 cm, and storing for 3-5 d;
fifth, disinfection: soaking and disinfecting the cut tree root sections for 10min by using a disinfection solution, taking out, washing by using clear water, and airing for 3-5 min to serve as the stock for later use; the disinfectant solution is a carbendazim solution mixed with peppermint water; wherein the volume concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.3 percent, and the volume ratio of the peppermint water is 2.5 percent; the peppermint water is a leaching liquor obtained by soaking 10g of dried peppermint leaves in 1L of boiled water for 24 hours;
(2) first step grafting
Firstly, scion collection: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of the camellia black peony as grafting scions; when the scion wood is transported for a long distance, the base part of the scion wood is packed and boxed by absorbent cotton which absorbs enough water, preferably transported at night, and moisture is kept in the process;
storing the ear strips: piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 20-25 cm in a cellar or an indoor cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the scion wood with clear water, slightly burying the scion wood in the sand, covering the surface of the scion wood with the sand for 5-10 cm, and storing the scion wood for 5-7 days;
③ the grafting method: grafting by adopting a cutting grafting method, wherein 2-3 scions are grafted on each root section, and the intervals between every two scions are uniform; the cutting and grafting method is that a smooth side is selected on the cross section of the upper end of the tree root section, a little edge is cut off to form an inclined edge, and then the inclined edge is vertically cut downwards from the cambium part along the inclined plane, wherein the depth of the cut is 1.0 cm-1.2 cm; the length of the scion is 4-5 cm, one side of the smooth back bud is selected, a smooth section is cut downwards at a position about 0.5 cm away from the bud and is deep to the xylem, the cut section length is consistent with the cut of the stock, a 20-30-degree inclined plane is cut at the lower end of the back surface of the stock to be intersected with the stock, the cut surface is smooth, and one bud with one leaf or two leaves and two buds are reserved; vertically inserting the cut scions into the cut root cuts, keeping cambium layers on one side aligned and buds on the outer side, finally tightly binding the scions from bottom to top by using a plastic film binding band special for grafting, paying attention to the fact that bud eyes are exposed, and tensioning the scions during binding to prevent the scions from moving;
(3) upper basin
Sterilizing: after the first step of grafting is finished, spraying 1 time of disinfection solution on the whole grafted tree root section for primary disinfection and sterilization; the disinfectant solution is a carbendazim solution mixed with peppermint water; wherein the volume concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.3-0.5%, and the volume ratio of the peppermint water is 2.5%; the peppermint water is a leaching liquor obtained by soaking 10g of dried peppermint leaves in 1L of boiled water for 24 hours;
processing a rooting solution: preparing a rooting solution, soaking the root sections below the grafting part for 0.5-1.0 h, and taking out for later use; the rooting solution comprises the following raw materials: 300mg/L of NAA, 10mg/L of brassinolide and 5mg/L of folic acid;
filling a matrix: selecting a tile pot with good permeability, the specification of which is that the opening diameter is 60-80 cm, the height is 50-60 cm and the bottom diameter is 30-40 cm as a seedling culture container; paving a layer of clean and fresh river sand or pebbles with the thickness of 15-20 cm as a drainage layer at the bottommost layer, and filling a substrate with the thickness of 35-45 cm on the drainage layer; the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 85% of clean yellow core soil and 15% of clean fresh river sand are uniformly mixed; disinfecting a drainage layer and a matrix in a seedling container by using a potassium permanganate solution with the weight concentration of 0.2-0.5% 2-3 days before potting;
fourthly, potting and planting: completing potting and planting on the same day after the first-step grafting of the tree root is completed; before planting, firstly drilling holes with the proper depth, wherein the holes are large as the appearance shape of the whole tree root section, vertically placing the grafted tree root section into the holes, most of the tree root section is embedded into the matrix, only the length of 3-5 cm at the upper part of the tree root section is left, the grafting opening and the scion are exposed out of the surface of the matrix, compacting the matrix around the tree root section, pouring enough root fixing water, and neatly placing seedling containers on the prepared bed surface, wherein the interval between every two seedling containers is 15-20 cm;
the number of the root segments planted in the pot is determined according to the size of the root segments: the diameter of the tree root section is 2-5 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is small, 8-10 plants are preferably planted in each pot, and the interval between the tree root sections is 10-15 cm; the diameter of each tree root section is 6-10 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is large, 3-5 plants are planted in each pot, and the interval between every two tree root sections is 15-20 cm; the planted tree root sections cannot be overlapped in a crossing way;
moisture preservation: each seedling raising container is independently moisturized; covering the whole agricultural film with the specification of 0.04mm from top to bottom to the lower part of the opening of the seedling container, and supporting the agricultural film by using 2-3 bamboo or wood strips, so that the agricultural film is in an arc arch shape, the agricultural film is not required to touch scions, and a bag opening below the opening of the seedling container is tightly tied to form a sealed moisture-preserving cover;
(4) promoting germination and shoot
Firstly, after grafting survival in the first step, cutting the scion grafted by the terminal bud by utilizing scissors to promote sprouting;
secondly, spraying 300 mg/L6-BA liquid medicine to the truncated scion and other scions which adopt lateral bud grafting to survive to promote germination and tip;
(5) second step grafting
Grafting time: when the scion grafted in the first step survives, performing second-step grafting for more than 6 months;
collecting scions: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of the raw purple tea flowers as grafting scions;
③ the grafting method: taking the young shoots extracted by the scions which survive in the first step and are fully lignified as grafting stocks, grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, and moisturizing again by adopting the same moisturizing method as the grafting in the first step after grafting; the cleft grafting method is characterized in that a new shoot extracted from the scion grafted in the first step is used as a grafting stock, the new shoot is cut at a straight position 5 cm-10 cm away from the base of the stock, and then the new shoot is vertically split along a medulla and is 1.0-1.2 cm deep. Cutting two sides of the scion bud into double inclined planes in a wedge shape, wherein the cutting plane is 30 degrees, the cutting plane length is consistent with the cut of the stock, the cutting plane is smooth, and one leaf and one bud or two leaves and two buds are reserved; inserting the cut scion into the split stock interface, aligning the scion with a stock cambium, enabling the bud to be on the outer side, and finally binding the scion from bottom to top by using a special grafting plastic film belt, wherein the scion is tensioned during binding so as to prevent the scion from moving;
secondly, checking the survival rate after grafting for one month, and performing supplementary grafting by grasping the survived tree;
(6) managing
Management: spraying a carbendazim solution with the volume concentration of 0.3% for 1 time every 15-20 days, and simultaneously spraying monopotassium phosphate with the volume concentration of 0.23% on the grafting scions; keeping the humidity in the moisture-keeping cover, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests such as camellia anthracnose, camellia diamond back moth and the like according to a conventional method;
secondly, unbinding: removing the grafting bandage in spring of 12 months to next year; when the scion begins to sprout and expand leaves, removing the agricultural film;
transplanting: transplanting the grafted tree root segment after surviving in the pot for one year;
(7) shaping and trimming: after the plant division and transplantation, when a new tip grows 23-26 cm and is basically lignified, the grafted and alive camellia is trimmed and modeled according to the ideal shape of the bonsai by combining the conventional procedures of pinching, bud picking, branch thinning, branch pulling and the like.
After 18 months of cultivation, the survival rate reaches 92%, the width of the flower crown of the Maoyan tea is 35 cm-45 cm, the height of the flower crown is 30 cm-45 cm, the width of the flower crown of the black camellia peony is 40 cm-50 cm, and the height of the flower crown is 50 cm-60 cm.
Example 2:
(1) digging oil tea and selecting tree root
Preparing a nursery land: in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in 2013, selecting a land block with flat terrain, leeward and sunny appearance and good drainage and irrigation as a bonsai cultivation nursery land; the width of the footpath is 40cm, the width of the ridge is 1.2m, and the ridge length is according to the terrain, and furrows are dug and drained on site;
secondly, building a shed: building a shading shed on the prepared nursery for shading, wherein the height of the shading shed is 2.0-2.5 m, and the shading degree is 75-80%;
thirdly, mining and digging time: digging in the late 7 th to the early 10 th of the month;
digging, namely removing all parts above the ground diameter of the camellia oleifera and only reserving all tree roots below the ground diameter; the excavated tree roots have no mud, and the original main root length and the lateral root systems of the camellia oleifera are kept as much as possible;
selecting tree roots: selecting proper tree roots of common oil tea, and sectioning the tree roots by using sharp saws and knives; the length of the longest part of each section of the root section of the proper tree root is 20-30 cm, the length of at least 2cm downwards from the top end of each section of the root section of the proper tree root is straight, and the diameter of the root is 2-10 cm thick; when segmentation interception is carried out, as many lateral root systems as possible are reserved in each tree root section;
the cut tree root section is suitable for completing grafting and potting as soon as possible; if grafting cannot be completed in time, piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 30-40 cm in a cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the root section of the tree with clean water, slightly and obliquely inserting the tree into the sand, covering the surface of the root section with sand for 5-10 cm, and storing for 3-5 d;
fifth, disinfection: soaking and disinfecting the cut tree root sections for 15min by using a disinfection solution, taking out, washing by using clear water, and airing for 3-5 min to serve as the stock for later use; the sterilizing solution is a zineb solution mixed with peppermint water; wherein the volume concentration of the zineb solution is 0.4 percent, and the volume ratio of the peppermint water is 2.5 percent; the peppermint water is a leaching liquor obtained by soaking 10g of dried peppermint leaves in 1L of boiled water for 24 hours;
(2) first step grafting
Firstly, scion collection: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of vein-revealing golden scented tea as grafting scions; when the scion wood is transported for a long distance, the base part of the scion wood is packed and boxed by absorbent cotton which absorbs enough water, preferably transported at night, and moisture is kept in the process;
storing the ear strips: piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 20-25 cm in a cellar or an indoor cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the scion wood with clear water, slightly burying the scion wood in the sand, covering the surface of the scion wood with the sand for 5-10 cm, and storing the scion wood for 5-7 days;
③ the grafting method: grafting by adopting a cutting grafting method, wherein 2-3 scions are grafted on each root section, and the intervals between every two scions are uniform; the cutting and grafting method is that a smooth side is selected on the cross section of the upper end of the tree root section, a little edge is cut off to form an inclined edge, and then the inclined edge is vertically cut downwards from the cambium part along the inclined plane, wherein the depth of the cut is 1.0 cm-1.2 cm; the length of the scion is 4-5 cm, one side of the smooth back bud is selected, a smooth section is cut downwards at a position about 0.5 cm away from the bud and is deep to the xylem, the cut section length is consistent with the cut of the stock, a 20-30-degree inclined plane is cut at the lower end of the back surface of the stock to be intersected with the stock, the cut surface is smooth, and one bud with one leaf or two leaves and two buds are reserved; vertically inserting the cut scions into the cut root cuts, keeping cambium layers on one side aligned and buds on the outer side, finally tightly binding the scions from bottom to top by using a plastic film binding band special for grafting, paying attention to the fact that bud eyes are exposed, and tensioning the scions during binding to prevent the scions from moving;
(3) upper basin
Sterilizing: after the first step of grafting is finished, spraying 1 time of disinfection solution on the whole grafted tree root section for primary disinfection and sterilization; the sterilizing solution is a zineb solution mixed with peppermint water; wherein the volume concentration of the zineb solution is 0.4 percent, and the volume ratio of the peppermint water is 2.5 percent; the peppermint water is a leaching liquor obtained by soaking 10g of dried peppermint leaves in 1L of boiled water for 24 hours;
processing a rooting solution: preparing a rooting solution, soaking the root sections below the grafting part for 0.5-1.0 h, and taking out for later use; the rooting solution comprises the following raw materials: NAA 400mg/L, brassinolide 5mg/L, folic acid 8 mg/L;
filling a matrix: selecting a tile pot with good permeability, the specification of which is that the opening diameter is 60-80 cm, the height is 50-60 cm and the bottom diameter is 30-40 cm as a seedling culture container; paving a layer of clean and fresh river sand or pebbles with the thickness of 15-20 cm as a drainage layer at the bottommost layer, and filling a substrate with the thickness of 35-45 cm on the drainage layer; the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 88 percent of clean yellow core soil and 12 percent of clean fresh river sand are uniformly mixed; disinfecting a drainage layer and a matrix in a seedling container by using a potassium permanganate solution with the weight concentration of 0.2-0.5% 2-3 days before potting;
fourthly, potting and planting: completing potting and planting on the same day after the first-step grafting of the tree root is completed; before planting, firstly drilling holes with the proper depth, wherein the holes are large as the appearance shape of the whole tree root section, vertically placing the grafted tree root section into the holes, most of the tree root section is embedded into the matrix, only the length of 3-5 cm at the upper part of the tree root section is left, the grafting opening and the scion are exposed out of the surface of the matrix, compacting the matrix around the tree root section, pouring enough root fixing water, and neatly placing seedling containers on the prepared bed surface, wherein the interval between every two seedling containers is 15-20 cm;
the number of the root segments planted in the pot is determined according to the size of the root segments: the diameter of the tree root section is 2-5 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is small, 8-10 plants are preferably planted in each pot, and the interval between the tree root sections is 10-15 cm; the diameter of each tree root section is 6-10 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is large, 3-5 plants are planted in each pot, and the interval between every two tree root sections is 15-20 cm; the planted tree root sections cannot be overlapped in a crossing way;
moisture preservation: each seedling raising container is independently moisturized; covering the whole agricultural film with the specification of 0.04mm from top to bottom to the lower part of the opening of the seedling container, and supporting the agricultural film by using 2-3 bamboo or wood strips, so that the agricultural film is in an arc arch shape, the agricultural film is not required to touch scions, and a bag opening below the opening of the seedling container is tightly tied to form a sealed moisture-preserving cover;
(4) promoting germination and shoot
Firstly, after grafting survival in the first step, cutting the scion grafted by the terminal bud by utilizing scissors to promote sprouting;
secondly, spraying 400 mg/L6-BA liquid medicine to the truncated scion and other scions which adopt lateral bud grafting to survive to promote germination and tip;
(5) second step grafting
Grafting time: when the scion grafted in the first step survives, performing second-step grafting for more than 6 months;
collecting scions: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of common golden camellia as grafting scions;
③ the grafting method: taking the young shoots extracted by the scions which survive in the first step and are fully lignified as grafting stocks, grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, and moisturizing again by adopting the same moisturizing method as the grafting in the first step after grafting; the cleft grafting method is characterized in that a new shoot extracted from the scion grafted in the first step is used as a grafting stock, the new shoot is cut at a straight position 5 cm-10 cm away from the base of the stock, and then the new shoot is vertically split along a medulla and is 1.0-1.2 cm deep. Cutting two sides of the scion bud into double inclined planes in a wedge shape, wherein the cutting plane is 30 degrees, the cutting plane length is consistent with the cut of the stock, the cutting plane is smooth, and one leaf and one bud or two leaves and two buds are reserved; inserting the cut scion into the split stock interface, aligning the scion with a stock cambium, enabling the bud to be on the outer side, and finally binding the scion from bottom to top by using a special grafting plastic film belt, wherein the scion is tensioned during binding so as to prevent the scion from moving;
secondly, checking the survival rate after grafting for one month, and performing supplementary grafting by grasping the survived tree;
(6) managing
Management: spraying zineb solution with the volume concentration of 0.3-0.5% for 1 time every 15-20 days, and spraying the grafting scion with the phyllostachys edulis with the volume concentration of 0.2-0.3%; keeping the humidity in the moisture-keeping cover, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests such as camellia anthracnose, camellia diamond back moth and the like according to a conventional method;
secondly, unbinding: removing the grafting bandage in spring of 12 months to next year; when the scion begins to sprout and expand leaves, removing the agricultural film;
transplanting: transplanting the grafted tree root segment after surviving in the pot for one year;
(7) shaping and trimming: after the plant division and transplantation, when a new tip grows 23-26 cm and is basically lignified, the grafted and alive camellia is trimmed and modeled according to the ideal shape of the bonsai by combining the conventional procedures of pinching, bud picking, branch thinning, branch pulling and the like.
After the cultivation for 18 months, the survival rate is 91%, the crown width of the common golden camellia is 50-60 cm, the crown height is 40-50 cm, the crown width of the pulse-appearing golden camellia is 45-50 cm, and the crown height is 40-50 cm.
Example 3:
(1) digging oil tea and selecting tree root
Preparing a nursery land: in the middle and last 7 months of 2014, selecting a land block with flat terrain, leeward and sunny appearance and good drainage and irrigation as a bonsai cultivation nursery land; the width of the footpath is 40cm, the width of the ridge is 1.2m, and the ridge length is according to the terrain, and furrows are dug and drained on site;
secondly, building a shed: building a shading shed on the prepared nursery for shading, wherein the height of the shading shed is 2.0-2.5 m, and the shading degree is 75-80%;
thirdly, mining and digging time: digging in the last ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 10 months;
digging, namely removing all parts above the ground diameter of the camellia oleifera and only reserving all tree roots below the ground diameter; the excavated tree roots have no mud, and the original main root length and the lateral root systems of the camellia oleifera are kept as much as possible;
selecting tree roots: selecting proper tree roots of the Luchuan oil tea, and sectioning the tree roots by using a sharp saw and a knife; the length of the longest part of each section of the root section of the proper tree root is 20-30 cm, the length of at least 2cm downwards from the top end of each section of the root section of the proper tree root is straight, and the diameter of the root is 2-10 cm thick; when segmentation interception is carried out, as many lateral root systems as possible are reserved in each tree root section;
the cut tree root section is suitable for completing grafting and potting as soon as possible; if grafting cannot be completed in time, piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 30-40 cm in a cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the root section of the tree with clean water, slightly and obliquely inserting the tree into the sand, covering the surface of the root section with sand for 5-10 cm, and storing for 3-5 d;
fifth, disinfection: soaking and disinfecting the cut tree root sections for 20min by using a disinfection solution, taking out, washing by using clear water, and airing for 3-5 min to serve as the stock for later use; the disinfectant solution is thiophanate methyl solution mixed with peppermint water; wherein the volume concentration of the thiophanate methyl solution is 0.5 percent, and the volume ratio of the peppermint water is 2.5 percent; the peppermint water is a leaching liquor obtained by soaking 10g of dried peppermint leaves in 1L of boiled water for 24 hours;
(2) first step grafting
Firstly, scion collection: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting vein-appearing golden camellia, small flower golden camellia and hairy purple camellia, and taking annual or semi-annual excellent branches as grafting scions; when the scion wood is transported for a long distance, the base part of the scion wood is packed and boxed by absorbent cotton which absorbs enough water, preferably transported at night, and moisture is kept in the process;
storing the ear strips: piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 20-25 cm in a cellar or an indoor cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the scion wood with clear water, slightly burying the scion wood in the sand, covering the surface of the scion wood with the sand for 5-10 cm, and storing the scion wood for 5-7 days;
③ the grafting method: grafting by adopting a cutting grafting method, wherein 2-3 scions are grafted on each root section, and the intervals between every two scions are uniform; the cutting and grafting method is that a smooth side is selected on the cross section of the upper end of the tree root section, a little edge is cut off to form an inclined edge, and then the inclined edge is vertically cut downwards from the cambium part along the inclined plane, wherein the depth of the cut is 1.0 cm-1.2 cm; the length of the scion is 4-5 cm, one side of the smooth back bud is selected, a smooth section is cut downwards at a position about 0.5 cm away from the bud and is deep to the xylem, the cut section length is consistent with the cut of the stock, a 20-30-degree inclined plane is cut at the lower end of the back surface of the stock to be intersected with the stock, the cut surface is smooth, and one bud with one leaf or two leaves and two buds are reserved; vertically inserting the cut scions into the cut root cuts, keeping cambium layers on one side aligned and buds on the outer side, finally tightly binding the scions from bottom to top by using a plastic film binding band special for grafting, paying attention to the fact that bud eyes are exposed, and tensioning the scions during binding to prevent the scions from moving;
(3) upper basin
Sterilizing: after the first step of grafting is finished, spraying 1 time of disinfection solution on the whole grafted tree root section for primary disinfection and sterilization; the disinfectant solution is thiophanate methyl solution mixed with peppermint water; wherein the volume concentration of the thiophanate methyl solution is 0.3-0.5%, and the volume ratio of the peppermint water is 2.5%; the peppermint water is a leaching liquor obtained by soaking 10g of dried peppermint leaves in 1L of boiled water for 24 hours;
processing a rooting solution: preparing a rooting solution, soaking the root sections below the grafting part for 0.5-1.0 h, and taking out for later use; the rooting solution comprises the following raw materials: 500mg/L of NAA, 8 mg/L of brassinolide and 10mg/L of folic acid;
filling a matrix: selecting a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with good permeability, the specification of the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag is that the opening diameter is 60-80 cm, the height is 50-60 cm, and the bottom diameter is 30-40 cm as a seedling raising container; paving a layer of clean and fresh river sand or pebbles with the thickness of 15-20 cm as a drainage layer at the bottommost layer, and filling a substrate with the thickness of 35-45 cm on the drainage layer; the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 90% of clean yellow core soil and 10% of clean fresh river sand are uniformly mixed; disinfecting a drainage layer and a matrix in a seedling container by using a potassium permanganate solution with the weight concentration of 0.2-0.5% 2-3 days before potting;
fourthly, potting and planting: completing potting and planting on the same day after the first-step grafting of the tree root is completed; before planting, firstly drilling holes with the proper depth, wherein the holes are large as the appearance shape of the whole tree root section, vertically placing the grafted tree root section into the holes, most of the tree root section is embedded into the matrix, only the length of 3-5 cm at the upper part of the tree root section is left, the grafting opening and the scion are exposed out of the surface of the matrix, compacting the matrix around the tree root section, pouring enough root fixing water, and neatly placing seedling containers on the prepared bed surface, wherein the interval between every two seedling containers is 15-20 cm;
the number of the root segments planted in the pot is determined according to the size of the root segments: the diameter of the tree root section is 2-5 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is small, 8-10 plants are preferably planted in each pot, and the interval between the tree root sections is 10-15 cm; the diameter of each tree root section is 6-10 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is large, 3-5 plants are planted in each pot, and the interval between every two tree root sections is 15-20 cm; the planted tree root sections cannot be overlapped in a crossing way;
moisture preservation: each seedling raising container is independently moisturized; covering the whole agricultural film with the specification of 0.04mm from top to bottom to the lower part of the opening of the seedling container, and supporting the agricultural film by using 2-3 bamboo or wood strips, so that the agricultural film is in an arc arch shape, the agricultural film is not required to touch scions, and a bag opening below the opening of the seedling container is tightly tied to form a sealed moisture-preserving cover;
(4) promoting germination and shoot
Firstly, after grafting survival in the first step, cutting the scion grafted by the terminal bud by utilizing scissors to promote sprouting;
secondly, spraying 500 mg/L6-BA liquid medicine to the truncated scion and other scions which adopt lateral bud grafting to survive to promote germination and tip;
(5) second step grafting
Grafting time: when the scion grafted in the first step survives, performing second-step grafting for more than 6 months;
collecting scions: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of the black magic camellia as grafting scions;
③ the grafting method: taking the young shoots extracted by the scions which survive in the first step and are fully lignified as grafting stocks, grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, and moisturizing again by adopting the same moisturizing method as the grafting in the first step after grafting; the cleft grafting method is characterized in that a new shoot extracted from the scion grafted in the first step is used as a grafting stock, the new shoot is cut at a straight position 5 cm-10 cm away from the base of the stock, and then the new shoot is vertically split along a medulla and is 1.0-1.2 cm deep. Cutting two sides of the scion bud into double inclined planes in a wedge shape, wherein the cutting plane is 30 degrees, the cutting plane length is consistent with the cut of the stock, the cutting plane is smooth, and one leaf and one bud or two leaves and two buds are reserved; inserting the cut scion into the split stock interface, aligning the scion with a stock cambium, enabling the bud to be on the outer side, and finally binding the scion from bottom to top by using a special grafting plastic film belt, wherein the scion is tensioned during binding so as to prevent the scion from moving;
secondly, checking the survival rate after grafting for one month, and performing supplementary grafting by grasping the survived tree;
(6) managing
Management: spraying a 0.3-0.5% thiophanate methyl solution at the volume concentration for 1 time every 15-20 days, and spraying a 0.2-0.3% foliar fertilizer on the grafting scion; keeping the humidity in the moisture-keeping cover, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests such as camellia anthracnose, camellia diamond back moth and the like according to a conventional method;
secondly, unbinding: removing the grafting bandage in spring of 12 months to next year; when the scion begins to sprout and expand leaves, removing the agricultural film;
transplanting: transplanting the grafted tree root segment after surviving in the pot for one year;
(7) shaping and trimming: after the plant division and transplantation, when a new tip grows 23-26 cm and is basically lignified, the grafted and alive camellia is trimmed and modeled according to the ideal shape of the bonsai by combining the conventional procedures of pinching, bud picking, branch thinning, branch pulling and the like.
After 18 months of cultivation, the survival rate is 92%, the crown width of the black magic tea is 60-70 cm, the crown height is 50-60 cm, the crown width of the vein-revealing golden camellia is 45-50 cm, the crown height is 40-50 cm, the crown width of the small flower golden camellia is 50-60 cm, the crown height is 50-60 cm, the crown width of the Mao purple tea is 35-45 cm, and the crown height is 30-45 cm.

Claims (10)

1. A method for cultivating camellia miniascape by a two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera roots is characterized in that:
the main operation steps are as follows:
(1) digging oil tea and selecting tree root
Preparing a nursery land: selecting a land with flat terrain, leeward and sunny appearance and good drainage and irrigation as a bonsai cultivation nursery land; the width of the footpath is 40cm, the width of the ridge is 1.2m, and the ridge length is according to the terrain, and furrows are dug and drained on site;
secondly, building a shed: building a shading shed on the prepared nursery for shading, wherein the height of the shading shed is 2.0-2.5 m, and the shading degree is 75-80%;
thirdly, mining and digging time: digging in the last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 10 months;
selecting tree roots: selecting proper tree roots of the camellia oleifera, and sectioning the tree roots by using sharp saws and knives; the cut tree root section is suitable for completing grafting and potting as soon as possible; if grafting cannot be completed in time, piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 30-40 cm in a cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the root section of the tree with clean water, slightly and obliquely inserting the tree into the sand, covering the surface of the root section with sand for 5-10 cm, and storing for 3-5 d;
fifth, disinfection: soaking and disinfecting the cut tree root sections for 10-20 min by using a disinfection solution, taking out, washing by using clear water, and airing for 3-5 min to serve as the stock for later use;
(2) first step grafting
Firstly, scion collection: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of camellia plants as grafting scions; when the scion wood is transported for a long distance, the base part of the scion wood is packed and boxed by absorbent cotton which absorbs enough water, preferably transported at night, and moisture is kept in the process;
storing the ear strips: piling a layer of sand with the thickness of 20-25 cm in a cellar or an indoor cool and humid place, spraying water for wetting, soaking the scion wood with clear water, slightly burying the scion wood in the sand, covering the surface of the scion wood with the sand for 5-10 cm, and storing the scion wood for 5-7 days;
③ the grafting method: grafting by adopting a cutting grafting method, wherein 2-3 scions are grafted on each root section, and the intervals between every two scions are uniform;
(3) upper basin
Sterilizing: after the first step of grafting is finished, spraying 1 time of disinfection solution on the whole grafted tree root section for primary disinfection and sterilization;
processing a rooting solution: preparing a rooting solution, soaking the root sections below the grafting part for 0.5-1.0 h, and taking out for later use;
filling a matrix: firstly, laying a layer of clean and fresh river sand or pebbles with the thickness of 15-20 cm as a drainage layer on the bottom layer of a seedling culture container with proper size and good permeability, and then filling a substrate with the thickness of 35-45 cm on the drainage layer;
fourthly, potting and planting: completing potting and planting on the same day after the first-step grafting of the tree root is completed; before planting, firstly drilling holes with the proper depth, wherein the holes are large as the appearance shape of the whole tree root section, vertically placing the grafted tree root section into the holes, most of the tree root section is embedded into the matrix, only the length of 3-5 cm at the upper part of the tree root section is left, the grafting opening and the scion are exposed out of the surface of the matrix, compacting the matrix around the tree root section, pouring enough root fixing water, and neatly placing seedling containers on the prepared bed surface, wherein the interval between every two seedling containers is 15-20 cm;
moisture preservation: each seedling raising container is independently moisturized; covering the whole agricultural film with the specification of 0.04mm from top to bottom to the lower part of the opening of the seedling container, and supporting the agricultural film by using 2-3 bamboo or wood strips, so that the agricultural film is in an arc arch shape, the agricultural film is not required to touch scions, and a bag opening below the opening of the seedling container is tightly tied to form a sealed moisture-preserving cover;
(4) promoting germination and shoot
Firstly, after grafting survival in the first step, cutting the scion grafted by the terminal bud by utilizing scissors to promote sprouting;
secondly, spraying 300-500 mg/L6-BA liquid medicine to the truncated scions and other scions which survive by lateral bud grafting for germination promotion and tip promotion;
(5) second step grafting
Grafting time: when the scion grafted in the first step survives, performing second-step grafting for more than 6 months;
collecting scions: the scions are collected before 11 am and after 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and are collected after collection; collecting annual or semi-annual excellent branches of camellia plants as grafting scions;
③ the grafting method: taking the young shoots extracted by the scions which survive in the first step and are fully lignified as grafting stocks, grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, and moisturizing again by adopting the same moisturizing method as the grafting in the first step after grafting; secondly, checking the survival rate after grafting for one month, and performing supplementary grafting by grasping the survived tree;
(6) managing
Management: spraying carbendazim or zineb and thiophanate methyl solution with the volume concentration of 0.3-0.5% for 1 time every 15-20 days, and spraying monopotassium phosphate or phylloxanthin with the volume concentration of 0.2-0.3% to the grafting scion; keeping the humidity in the moisture-keeping cover, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests such as camellia anthracnose, camellia diamond back moth and the like according to a conventional method;
secondly, unbinding: removing the grafting bandage in spring of 12 months to next year; when the scion begins to sprout and expand leaves, removing the agricultural film;
transplanting: transplanting the grafted tree root segment after surviving in the pot for one year;
(7) pruning and pruning
After the plant division and transplantation, when a new tip grows 23-26 cm and is basically lignified, the grafted and alive camellia is trimmed and modeled according to the ideal shape of the bonsai by combining the conventional procedures of pinching, bud picking, branch thinning, branch pulling and the like.
2. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the varieties of the oil tea in the step (1) comprise fragrant flower oil tea, common oil tea and Luchuan oil tea; the camellia plants in the step (2) comprise camellia black peony, maoycha, vein-showing camellia tea and small flower camellia chrysantha; the camellia plants in the step (5) comprise camellia chrysantha and other camellia plants with strong ornamental value.
3. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the digging in the step (1) is to remove all the parts above the ground diameter of the camellia oleifera and only leave all the tree roots below the ground diameter; the tree roots dug do not have mud, and the original main root length and the lateral root systems of the camellia oleifera are kept as much as possible.
4. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the suitable tree root in the step (1) is that the length of the longest part of each section of the tree root is 20-30 cm, the length of at least 2cm downwards from the top end of each section of the tree root is straight, and the diameter of the root is 2-10 cm; and when the segmentation interception is carried out, the root section of each tree also keeps as many lateral root systems as possible.
5. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: selecting a smoother side on the cross section of the upper end of the tree root section, cutting off a little edge to form an inclined edge, and vertically cutting downwards from a cambium part along an inclined plane, wherein the depth of the cut is 1.0 cm-1.2 cm; the length of the scion is 4-5 cm, one side of the smooth back bud is selected, a smooth section is cut downwards at a position about 0.5 cm away from the bud and is deep to the xylem, the cut section length is consistent with the cut of the stock, a 20-30-degree inclined plane is cut at the lower end of the back surface of the stock to be intersected with the stock, the cut surface is smooth, and one bud with one leaf or two leaves and two buds are reserved; vertically inserting the cut scions into the cut root cuts, keeping cambium layers on one side aligned and buds on the outer side, finally tightly binding the scions from bottom to top by using a plastic film binding band special for grafting, paying attention to the fact that bud eyes are exposed, and tensioning the scions during binding to prevent the scions from moving;
the cleft grafting method in the step (5) is characterized in that a new shoot of the scion grafted in the first step is used as a grafting stock, the scion is cut at a straight position 5-10 cm away from the base of the stock, then the scion is vertically split along the medulla, the depth is 1.0-1.2 cm, the two sides of a scion bud are cut into double inclined planes which are wedge-shaped, the cut plane is 30 degrees, the cut plane length is consistent with the cut of the stock, the cut plane is smooth, and one leaf bud or two leaf buds are reserved; the cut scion is inserted into the split stock interface, the scion and the stock cambium are aligned, the bud is on the outer side, and finally the scion is tightly bound by a plastic film belt special for grafting from bottom to top, and the scion is tensioned during binding to prevent the scion from moving.
6. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the disinfection solution in the steps (1) and (3) is carbendazim or zineb and thiophanate methyl solution mixed with peppermint water; wherein the volume concentration of the carbendazim or zineb and thiophanate methyl solution is 0.3-0.5 percent, and the volume ratio of the peppermint water is 2.5 percent; the peppermint water is a leaching liquor obtained by soaking 10g of dried peppermint leaves in 1L of boiled water for 24 hours.
7. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rooting solution in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials: 500mg/L NAA 300, 5-10mg/L brassinolide and 5-10mg/L folic acid.
8. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the seedling container in the step (3) is a tile pot or a non-woven fabric seedling bag; the specification is that the diameter of an opening is 60-80 cm, the height is 50-60 cm, and the diameter of the bottom is 30-40 cm.
9. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 85-90% of clean yellow core soil and 10-15% of clean fresh river sand, which are uniformly mixed; and (3) disinfecting the drainage layer and the matrix in the seedling culture container by using a potassium permanganate solution with the weight concentration of 0.2-0.5% 2-3 days before potting.
10. The method for cultivating the camellia miniascape by adopting the camellia oleifera root grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the root segments planted in the pot in the step (3) is determined according to the size of the root segments: the diameter of the tree root section is 2-5 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is small, 8-10 plants are preferably planted in each pot, and the interval between the tree root sections is 10-15 cm; the diameter of each tree root section is 6-10 cm thick, the number of lateral root systems is large, 3-5 plants are planted in each pot, and the interval between every two tree root sections is 15-20 cm; the planted tree root sections can not be overlapped in a crossing way.
CN201910972776.2A 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 Method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera tree root Active CN110622815B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910972776.2A CN110622815B (en) 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 Method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera tree root

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910972776.2A CN110622815B (en) 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 Method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera tree root

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110622815A true CN110622815A (en) 2019-12-31
CN110622815B CN110622815B (en) 2021-10-29

Family

ID=68976544

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910972776.2A Active CN110622815B (en) 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 Method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera tree root

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN110622815B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111316854A (en) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-23 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 Method for promoting flowering of seedling young golden camellia trees
CN111345165A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-06-30 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 Method for quickly cultivating four-season golden camellia bonsai

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102293104A (en) * 2010-06-23 2011-12-28 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 Excellent young sprout grafting method for camelliaspp
CN104106382A (en) * 2014-07-18 2014-10-22 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Propagation method for grafting Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh onto camellia maozi
CN105993626A (en) * 2016-06-01 2016-10-12 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Cultivation method for potted camellia nitidissima
CN110122088A (en) * 2018-02-02 2019-08-16 内蒙古蒙珍林产品有限公司 A kind of graft technology of pearl oil apricot

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102293104A (en) * 2010-06-23 2011-12-28 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 Excellent young sprout grafting method for camelliaspp
CN104106382A (en) * 2014-07-18 2014-10-22 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Propagation method for grafting Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh onto camellia maozi
CN105993626A (en) * 2016-06-01 2016-10-12 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Cultivation method for potted camellia nitidissima
CN110122088A (en) * 2018-02-02 2019-08-16 内蒙古蒙珍林产品有限公司 A kind of graft technology of pearl oil apricot

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
罗国光: "《果树词典》", 30 June 2007, 中国农业出版社 *
阮文越等: "越南国内油茶研究利用现状与良种化探讨 ", 《经济林研究》 *
陈伽等: "油茶根接技术研究", 《林业科技通讯》 *
韩国勇: "油茶老树嫁接茶花快速繁育茶花大苗技术初探 ", 《林业勘察设计》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111316854A (en) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-23 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 Method for promoting flowering of seedling young golden camellia trees
CN111345165A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-06-30 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 Method for quickly cultivating four-season golden camellia bonsai

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110622815B (en) 2021-10-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105993626B (en) A kind of breeding method of potting Camellia nitidissima
CN103918486A (en) Double-cropping sophora japonica cultivation and management method
CN104106382B (en) The propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima
CN101874447B (en) Beach plum root cutting seedling method
CN106962028B (en) Camellia cuttage grafting integrated rapid propagation method
CN103039277A (en) Bark grafting method of apocarya
CN103975778A (en) Method for grafting red orange seedlings
CN101707964A (en) Tunnel half-shading green branch cottage and propagation method of large reed-leaf cherries and Teng county red cherries
CN106134805A (en) A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting
CN103975775A (en) Artificial cultivation method for multi-layer colored-leaf ornamental type bonsai trees
CN106718115A (en) A kind of apocarya breeding improves engrafting method
CN102318502B (en) Root grating and seedling raising method of beach plum
CN104663355A (en) Single-bud cutting reproduction method for grapes
CN105493906A (en) Orange seedling grafting method
CN104429480A (en) Taxodium zhongshansha 406 hard wood cutting simple culture method
CN110622815B (en) Method for cultivating camellia miniascape by two-step grafting method of camellia oleifera tree root
CN110622814B (en) Method for cultivating camellia bonsai by grafting camellia oleifera tree roots
CN106937579A (en) A kind of southern cuttage and seedling culture method of autumn safflower Loropetalum wood
CN106472215A (en) Peach tree nursery cuttage breeding method
CN105104093A (en) Reproduction method for eugenia uniflora grafting seedling
CN109983934B (en) Walnut grafting and breeding method
CN107821080A (en) A kind of method for promoting Taxus x media potted landscape itself to yield positive results
CN106613659A (en) Grafting cultivation method for euonymus golden armors
CN106613363B (en) A kind of cultural method of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree
CN109937722B (en) Method for rapidly propagating Chinese lizardtail ground stems

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20191231

Assignee: GUANGXI YUKOU INNOVATION AGRICULTURE CO.,LTD.

Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION FORESTRY Research Institute

Contract record no.: X2022450000376

Denomination of invention: A Two step Grafting Method of Camellia oleifera Roots to Cultivate Bonsai

Granted publication date: 20211029

License type: Common License

Record date: 20221219

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract