CN110618405B - Radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on interference mechanism and decision-making capability - Google Patents
Radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on interference mechanism and decision-making capability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure, and relates to a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability. The method is based on the radar active interference combat mechanism, takes the full flow and system hierarchy of equipment combat into consideration, selects parameters such as signal interception, signal sorting recognition, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern and interference power to scientifically construct an efficiency calculation index system, and dynamically calculates the signal analysis recognition efficiency and the interference pattern efficiency of an out-of-library radiation source target in the active interference combat process according to the personnel decision capability level on the basis of considering the combat performance of the equipment. The invention systematically researches each link relating to radar active interference fighting use, and can be specifically applied to the fields of fighting efficiency evaluation of different types of radar active interference equipment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure, and particularly relates to a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability.
Background
Active interference of the radar is an important link in radar electronic countermeasure, and is mainly used for destroying searching, positioning and tracking of the radar of the other side on the target of the radar of the other side and improving the vitality and the fighting capacity of the platform. The accurate calculation of the combat efficiency can provide theoretical support for scientific decision interference and correct equipment use of a commander. The influence of the distance index on the radar interference is mainly discussed in the text of distance index on the efficiency of the radar noise interference by the Wang Rui; lujin Bright in the article of modeling and simulation of interference fuzzy area of active suppressive interference adopts the concept of interference fuzzy area to calculate the radar interference effect on the basis of relevant evaluation criteria; introducing a frequency aiming factor and an anti-adversary factor in the article of interference performance evaluation based on radar detection distance to improve an interference performance evaluation model based on radar detection distance; zhoushao in the research on active interference efficiency evaluation of ship-borne radar establishes an evaluation index of active interference efficiency of radar from three layers, namely an interference signal layer, an interference machine layer and a system layer.
In summary of the related documents, the current methods for calculating the active interference performance mainly include the following two types of modes: a static efficiency calculation method based on inherent capability generally adopts an expert evaluation method, a multi-scheme comparison method, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the like for calculation, mainly reflects the performance and inherent capability of a system and cannot reflect the dynamicity of operational efficiency; the other method is a dynamic efficiency calculation method based on the combat effect, the calculation equipment is used for executing the effective degree of a target which can be achieved by a specific combat mission, the combat performance of the equipment is considered, and the real-time battlefield environment and the combat situation are combined.
Therefore, to accurately calculate the level of radar active jamming equipment in actual combat operation, the performance calculation should be mainly expanded from the following two aspects. Firstly, taking links such as reconnaissance, decision, interference and the like in active interference operation as an organic whole of a system according to an interference mechanism and an operation flow, and scientifically constructing a radar active interference calculation index system; secondly, when actual active interference combat is carried out, the level of the personnel decision-making ability directly determines index parameters such as identification of out-of-library interference targets and selection of interference patterns, namely, the important influence of the personnel decision-making ability level of one party in the out-of-library radiation source target combat process needs to be considered. In view of this, when calculating the radar active interference efficiency, factors such as an active interference mechanism and a personnel decision capability level should be comprehensively considered, and the active interference equipment efficiency should be accurately calculated by combining the static efficiency and the dynamic efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention starts from the active interference combat mechanism of the radar, takes the whole flow and the system hierarchy of equipment combat into consideration, selects parameters such as signal interception, signal sorting identification, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern, interference power and the like to scientifically construct an efficiency calculation index system, and provides a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on the interference mechanism and decision-making capability; on the basis of considering the fighting performance of equipment, the signal analysis and identification efficiency and the interference pattern efficiency of the out-of-library radiation source target in the active interference fighting process are dynamically calculated according to the personnel decision capability level.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability comprises the following steps:
according to a radar active interference mechanism, a front-end process of signal acquisition is started to an interference machine to work, links such as reconnaissance operation (signal interception efficiency and signal analysis and identification efficiency), command decision (interference opportunity efficiency and interference pattern efficiency), interference operation (interference aiming efficiency and interference power efficiency) and the like in active interference operation are used as a system organic whole according to the whole interference operation process of signal processing and utilization, and a radar active interference calculation index system is scientifically constructed.
And respectively calculating signal interception efficiency, signal analysis and identification efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency, interference opportunity efficiency and interference pattern efficiency according to the established calculation index system, and multiplying indexes to obtain a radar active interference efficiency calculation model. The four indexes of signal interception efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency and interference opportunity efficiency can be calculated by adopting a method in a known literature, and the method for calculating the signal analysis and identification efficiency and the interference pattern efficiency comprises the following steps:
(II) signal analysis and identification efficiency calculation method
E R The comprehensive performance index for measuring the system signal analysis processing capability is described by two factors of signal processing probability and radiation source attribute identification degree, and specifically comprises the following steps: e R ＝P S ·ρ
In the formula: p S Is the signal processing probability; ρ is the radiation source property identification. Probability of signal processing P S The calculation of the radiation source attribute identification rho is determined by the parameters of the equipment, and is divided into two cases: and (4) identifying the targets in and out of the database. The rho value of the target in the database is directly determined according to specific equipment parameters; rho of the target outside the database is closely related to the knowledge level of the personnel, the relation curve is approximately in a power exponential type, and the membership function of the relation curve is as follows:
in the formula: and k is the professional theoretical assessment result.
According to the requirements of active interference combat missions, interference target identification requires personnel to have too hard professional theoretical knowledge and higher decision-making capability. Namely, the target radiation source attribute identification degree is not only related to the professional knowledge level of the personnel, but also related to factors influencing the decision-making ability of the personnel, such as psychological quality, skill proficiency, past task completion condition and the like, and the radiation source attribute identification degree rho can be corrected by adopting the following indexes.
(1) Correcting the index I: psychological diathesis factor mu 1 (x 1 )
Due to the high tension of the operation of the weaponry and the aggravation of the operational complexity, the requirements of modern military activities on the psychological quality of personnel are higher and higher, and the difference x between self evaluation and organizational evaluation is adopted 1 The psychological quality factors of the person are characterized by the following membership functions:
(2) And a second correction index: skill proficiency degree mu 2 (x 2 )
Practice shows that a person who does not have practical application has poor working capacity for various complex and dangerous environments. According to the characteristics of target recognition outside the active interference library, the decision-making ability level of personnel is closely related to the proficiency level of personnel. Typical proficiency effect curves are represented as exponential curves, which indicate the degree of proficiency (available professional work time x) of a person 2 Representation) the human operational reliability will increase significantly, so the skill proficiency membership function can be described as:
(3) And (3) correcting indexes: past task completion mu 3 (x 3 )
The identification of targets outside the library not only considers the knowledge level, proficiency and other factors of personnel, but also is closely related to the completion condition of past tasks of the personnel. In particular in the new case, in the face of new signals, in the absence of experts and documentation, the likelihood of human error is greater. Therefore, when a person is measured to decide the competence level, the person refers to the completion of the past task (the times of the overtime (+) or the criticizing (-) and the membership function is as follows:
(4) A formula for correcting and calculating the attribute identification rho of the radiation source:
when calculating the radiation source attribute identification degree, the expert sets a weight value (n) according to the importance of each correction index 1 +n 2 +n 3 +n 4 = 1), then ρ is calculated as:
interference pattern performance calculation method
E M The interference pattern efficiency is related to the radar system and the anti-interference measures used by the radar, and is more closely related to the decision capability level of users. Therefore, in conjunction with a specific equipment type, the interference pattern performance calculation is divided into two cases: the interference pattern efficiency of the targets inside the database, and the interference pattern efficiency of the targets outside the database.
(1) Interference pattern efficiency values for objects in a database
According to the actual situation of radar interference equipment, the interference pattern efficiency E of the target in the database M The values are dependent on the specific equipment performance parameters.
(2) Interference pattern efficiency values for targets outside of database
According to the working system and the anti-interference capability of the interference object radar, the interference effectiveness values of different interference patterns to the radars with different systems are different and are called as interference pattern theoretical values; meanwhile, according to the physical semi-physical simulation and the actual training, the effect values (called as interference pattern empirical values) of different interference patterns on radars with different systems are obtained, a mature weighting fusion algorithm is adopted, a numerical fusion model is built, and the interference pattern theoretical value and the interference pattern are calculatedThe fusion efficiency value of the empirical value is used as the fighting efficiency value E of the interference pattern to the radar system M0 。
In calculating E M0 On the basis, considering the decision-making ability level of personnel, and further correcting the interference pattern combat effect value by adopting the correction indexes of 2.1.1.1-2.1.1.3, the interference pattern effect value E of the target outside the database M Comprises the following steps: e M ＝m 1 E M0 +m 2 μ 1 (x 1 )+m 3 μ 2 (x 2 )+m 4 μ 3 (x 3 )
m 1 ～m 4 The weight value is set by the expert according to the importance of each correction index (m) 1 +m 2 +m 3 +m 4 ＝1)。
From the perspective of operational use, the active interference effect mainly depends on signal interception, signal sorting and identification, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern, interference power and the like, so that the active interference dynamic efficiency calculation model is as follows: e = E I E R E C E M E T E P
The efficiency calculation method provided by the invention comprehensively considers the active interference mechanism and the personnel decision-making capability, scientifically establishes an efficiency calculation model according to the whole process of active interference combat, systematically researches each link related to radar active interference combat use, including aspects of reconnaissance, decision, interference and the like, and research results can be specifically applied to the fields of combat efficiency evaluation of different types of radar active interference equipment and the like; meanwhile, research results can provide basis for the commander to develop electronic countermeasure scheme planning, equipment use effect inspection and the like, and can become an important functional point for electronic countermeasure online effect evaluation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an index system for calculating performance of radar active jamming equipment.
Fig. 2 is a process flow of calculating the performance of the radar active jamming equipment.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
A radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability comprises the following steps:
1 calculation of Signal acquisition Performance
The signal interception efficiency index reflects the signal interception capacity of the system in a frequency domain and a space domain required by a tactical mission. The signal interception efficiency is examined by considering the frequency domain and the space domain required to be covered by a system tactical task, observing the frequency domain and the space domain which can be covered by the system and analyzing the signal interception capability of the system in the frequency domain or the space domain.
The system signal capture efficiency calculation model is represented by the following formula:
in the formula: theta I1 The actual reconnaissance azimuth coverage range of the reconnaissance subsystem is achieved; theta.theta. I10 -desired or mission-specified azimuth coverage; theta I2 The actual scout pitching coverage range of the scout subsystem is achieved; theta I20 -desired or mission-specified pitch coverage; Δ F I The actual coverage range of the reconnaissance frequency of the reconnaissance subsystem; Δ F I0 -desired or battle mission specified frequency coverage; p I -reconnaissance of the interception probability of the subsystem receiver.
Assuming that the ranges of the azimuth, the pitch and the frequency of the electronic counterscout equipment cover the expected range, the values are all 1, and the interception probability P of the scout receiver I Is 0.98, then there is E I ＝0.98。
2 calculation of Signal analysis recognition Performance
According to the design scheme of a certain radar countermeasure system and the capability level of personnel, the signal processing probability P of the scout S Is 0.99, the weight value n of the correction index 1 ＝0.6，n 2 ,n 4 ＝0.1,n 3 =0.2, professional assessment score k =97, psychological quality evaluation value difference | x 1 I =8, operating time x 2 =10 years, past task completion status isRaise 5 times, i.e. x 3 =5, therefore
ρ＝0.6×0.97 2 +0.1×0.17+0.2×0.918+0.1×1＝0.865
The radiation source attribute identification rho is 0.865, then E R ＝P S ·ρ＝0.99·0.865＝0.86。
3 calculation of interference aiming efficiency
E C Is the interference-guided targeting efficiency, which represents the ability of an electronic countermeasure system to guide an interfering transmitting equipment to perform interference, which is described by relative interference coverage factors and guiding probabilities, i.e.
In the formula: delta omega c Is an interference airspace specified by a combat mission; Δ ω c Is the interference airspace actually achieved by the system; Δ F c Is an interference frequency band specified by a combat mission; Δ f c Is the interference frequency band actually achieved by the system; p C Is the product of the azimuth steering probability and the frequency steering probability.
During calculation, the active jammer is supposed to completely meet the coverage requirement, and the relative interference coverage coefficient is 1; the azimuth guidance probability and the frequency guidance probability are both 1, and therefore, the interference targeting efficiency value is:
4 calculation of interference timing efficiency
E T Is the interference opportunity efficiency, representing the efficiency of the jammer to correctly perform interference during the radar threat time, E T The larger the interference the better. Can be expressed as:
wherein, T 1 ～T 2 As radar threat time, (t) Sj ,t Ej ) J-1, \ 8230, n is n period of interference of the interference machine and satisfies t Sj ,t Ej ∈(T 1 ,T 2 )，ω j Is the weight of each of the segments and,
the radar is started for 30 seconds, and the time required by interference is assumed to be 5 seconds after the interference machine is identified, wherein the time comprises interception time, identification time, personnel reaction time, interference reaction time and the like.
The interference opportunity effective value is:
5 calculation of interference Pattern efficiency
An improved weighted fusion estimation algorithm is adopted, the core idea is to consider the local estimation of each sensor, formulate a weighting factor for each sensor according to a reasonable principle, and finally obtain a global system estimation by weighting and integrating all the local estimation, and the specific steps are as follows:
assuming the case of N sensors with track fusion, sensor M 1 ,M 2 ,……,M S (S ≦ N) there are tracks that are correlated, assuming that for the same target, sensor M 1 ,M 2 ,……,M S The local estimate and the corresponding error covariance matrix of (a) are:
and
m∈{M 1 ,M 2 ,……,M S }, setting sensors M 1 ,M 2 ,……,M S Are respectively W 1 ,W 2 ,……,W S Suppose that
Is an unbiased estimationAnd when the local estimation errors of any two sensors are not correlated with each other, the total mean square error is as follows:
under the assumption that the local estimation errors of the sensors are uncorrelated with each other, i.e.
Independent of each other and are unbiased estimates of x, so:
so that the total mean square error P is:
according to equation (3), the weighting factor corresponding to the minimum total mean square error is further determined as:
the corresponding minimum mean square error at this time is:
establishing a new weighted fusion algorithm model, namely an optimal self-adaptive weighted fusion algorithm model, by the formulas (3) and (4), wherein the fusion equation is as follows:
based on some type of active disturbance equipment parameters, this type of equipment is used for inter-pulse compression radar samplingThe theoretical effect value of the effective interference pattern is 0.93, the empirical value of the interference pattern is 0.89, and the interference pattern combat effect value E after the fusion is carried out by adopting the fusion algorithm M0 ＝0.915。
Weight value n of correction index 1 ＝0.7，n 2 ,n 3 ,n 4 =0.1, and the specific correction index parameter is as above 2.2, the interference pattern efficiency E for the radar target of the inter-pulse compression system outside the database M Then it can be calculated:
E M ＝0.7×0.915+0.1×0.17+0.1×0.918+0.1×1＝0.85
6 calculation of interference power efficiency
E P Is interference power efficiency, is a comprehensive performance index for measuring the interference capability of an interference machine, E P The larger the interference, the better the interference effect, the interference power performance can be expressed as:
wherein, K J1 ,K J2 Respectively represents the suppression coefficients when the jammer starts and finishes jamming,
(K min ,K max ) The suppression coefficient value range of the jammer to the radar effective interference is obtained.
The compression factor may be expressed as:
in the formula:
K J : shielding a target interference suppression coefficient; p is j : an interference transmit power; g j : an interfering antenna gain;
P t : radar transmitting power; g t : radar transmitting antenna gain; μ: radar feeder loss (0.4-0.6)
R t : distance between radar and jammer；L j : polarization loss; σ: a target radar reflection area; Δ f 0 : the intermediate frequency band of the radar receiver is wide; Δ f j : the interfering signal bandwidth.
During calculation, the target radar is supposed to be started from a position of 150km, the airplane approaches to me at a speed of 250 meters per second, the airplane is interfered after 5 seconds, and the airplane is shut down after 30 seconds. The distance between the target and the scout of the detector is 148.75km and 142.5km respectively at the moment when the interference starts and ends;
target radar related calculation parameters:
transmission power P t ：20kw
Antenna gain G t ：36dB
Receiving bandwidth Δ f 0 ：10MHz
Radar turn-on time: 30s
Relevant calculation parameters of the active interference device are as follows:
protective target radar reflection sectional area σ:500m 2
Radiation power P j ：5kw
Antenna gain G j ：20dB
Blocking interference Δ f j ：40MHz
Polarization loss L j ：13dB
Compression factor Range (K) min ,K max )：5dB—12dB
Then there are:
pressing coefficient K J1 ，K J2 Are all greater than 12dB, so the interference power efficiency E P ＝1。
7 calculation of radar active interference efficiency
According to the calculation model of the active interference combat effectiveness, combining the above combat effectiveness calculationAs a result, there are: e = E I E R E C E M E T E P ＝0.98×0.85×1×0.833×0.85×1＝0.59。
Claims (1)
1. A radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability comprises the following steps:
(I) constructing radar active interference calculation index system
Respectively calculating signal interception efficiency, signal analysis and identification efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency, interference opportunity efficiency and interference pattern efficiency according to the established calculation index system, and multiplying indexes to obtain a radar active interference efficiency calculation model;
the four indexes of signal interception efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency and interference opportunity efficiency can be calculated by methods in known documents, and the methods for analyzing and identifying signals and calculating interference pattern efficiency are as follows:
(1) Signal analysis and identification efficiency calculation method
E R The comprehensive performance index for measuring the system signal analysis processing capability is described by two factors of signal processing probability and radiation source attribute identification degree, and specifically comprises the following steps: e R ＝P S ·ρ
In the formula: p is S Is the signal processing probability; rho is the radiation source attribute identification degree; probability of signal processing P S The calculation of the radiation source attribute identification degree rho is divided into two cases according to the parameters of the equipment: identifying targets inside and outside the database; the rho value of the target in the database is directly determined according to specific equipment parameters; rho of a target outside the database is closely related to the knowledge level of personnel, a relation curve is approximately in a power exponential type, and a membership function of the relation curve is as follows:
in the formula: k is professional theoretical assessment results;
the radiation source attribute identification rho is corrected by adopting the following indexes:
the first correction index is as follows: psychological diathesisFactors of the design
And a second correction index: skill proficiency level
Correction index three: past task completion
Wherein x is 1 Representing the difference between self-evaluation and tissue evaluation; x is a radical of a fluorine atom 2 Representing professional working hours; x is the number of 3 Representing the completion condition of the past task, and showing the number of times of the approval or the criticizing;
a correction calculation formula of the radiation source attribute identification degree rho is as follows:
when calculating the attribute identification degree of the radiation source, the expert sets a weight value according to the importance of each correction index, wherein n 1 +n 2 +n 3 +n 4 =1, then ρ is calculated as:
(2) Interference pattern efficiency calculation method
E M The performance of the interference pattern of the interference machine is related to the radar system and the anti-interference measures used by the radar, and is more closely related to the decision-making capability level of users; therefore, in conjunction with a specific equipment type, the interference pattern performance calculation is divided into two cases: the interference pattern efficiency of the target in the database, and the interference pattern efficiency of the target outside the database;
interference pattern efficiency values for targets within database: according to the actual situation of radar interference equipment, the interference pattern efficiency E of the target in the database M The values are dependent on the specific equipment performance parameters;
interference samples of targets outside of databaseFormula (I) efficacy value: according to the working system and the anti-interference capability of the interference object radar, the interference effectiveness values of different interference patterns to the radars with different systems are different and are called as interference pattern theoretical values; meanwhile, according to the physical semi-physical simulation and the actual training, the effectiveness values of different interference patterns on radars of different systems are obtained, a numerical fusion model is established by adopting a mature weighted fusion algorithm, the fusion effectiveness value of the theoretical value of the interference pattern and the empirical value of the interference pattern is calculated, and the value is used as the combat effectiveness value E of the interference pattern on the radar system M0 ；
In the calculation of E M0 On the basis, the interference pattern combat effect value is further corrected by adopting the correction index, and then the interference pattern effect value E of the target outside the database M Comprises the following steps: e M ＝m 1 E M0 +m 2 μ 1 (x 1 )+m 3 μ 2 (x 2 )+m 4 μ 3 (x 3 )
m 1 ～m 4 The weight value is set by the expert according to the importance of each correction index, wherein m 1 +m 2 +m 3 +m 4 ＝1；
From the angle of operation use, the active interference effect mainly depends on signal interception, signal sorting and identification, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern and interference power, so that the active interference dynamic efficiency calculation model is as follows: e = E I E R E C E M E T E P 。
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