CN110606790A

CN110606790A - Soil improvement repairing agent and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110606790A
Application number: CN201910865368.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王振平; 塔娜
Original assignee: Beijing Kang Bao Biotechnology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Kang Bao Biotechnology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-12
Filing date: 2019-09-12
Publication date: 2019-12-24

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a soil improvement repairing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the soil improvement repairing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of waste solid alkali or solid acid catalyst; 15-20 parts of straw; 5-12 parts of compound microorganism; 10-20 parts of vinasse; 15-20 parts of powdered urea; 10-15 parts of animal waste; 6-12 parts of wood chips. The invention adopts the waste solid alkali or solid acid catalyst, straw, vinasse, wood chips, animal waste and the like as the raw materials of the soil conditioner, on one hand, the problem of recycling the waste catalyst is solved, on the other hand, a plurality of cheap materials are changed into valuables, the expensive chemical conditioner is replaced, the raw material cost is greatly reduced, the solid alkali or solid acid catalyst can be recycled, and a new path is opened up for the regeneration of industrial wastes.

Description

Soil improvement repairing agent and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a soil improvement repairing agent and a preparation method thereof;

also relates to a method for repairing and improving soil by applying the soil improvement repairing agent;

also relates to a method for recycling the solid base catalyst or the solid acid catalyst by the soil improvement and remediation method.

Background

Saline-alkali soil is a kind of soil formed by salinization or alkalization, and includes saline soil, alkaline earth and various salinization soils. In arid and semi-arid regions, the salinity that contains in bottom soil and groundwater because ground evaporation effect, the water that makes the salinity that contains rises to the surface of the earth along with soil capillary action, after the moisture evaporation, makes the salinity stay on the soil top layer, gathers and forms the saline and alkaline land.

The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive. In the process of utilizing the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil can be divided into light saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and heavy saline-alkali soil. The light saline-alkali soil means that the seedling emergence is seven-eight percent, and the salt content is less than three thousandth; the heavy saline-alkali soil has salt content more than six thousandths, emergence rate lower than 50 percent and pH value of water in the soil more than 8.5, causes soil hardening, has an inhibiting effect on root systems of crops, and ensures that the crops do not grow or develop healthily; moderate saline-alkali land is between the two. At present, with the development of science and technology, only one side which is unfavorable should be seen, and the side which is unfavorable should be regarded as a precious land resource, because many organisms including plants and microorganisms can adapt to the environment, and more science and technology workers are put into the work of treating the saline-alkali soil with full enthusiasm, and the work of treating the saline-alkali soil can be finally won.

At present, the saline-alkali soil improvement measures mainly comprise the following three measures:

(1) the physical method for improving the saline-alkali soil is to adopt some physical methods to reform the saline-alkali soil, such as irrigation and drainage systems, methods of flushing desalination, loosening cultivation, sand pressing and the like, so as to achieve the purpose of improvement and utilization. The engineering measures mainly based on leaching and salt elimination are the main means for treating foreign saline-alkali soil, namely a perfect drainage and irrigation system is established, and the aim of reducing the salt content of the plough layer is achieved by combining the measures of deep soil improvement, soil replacement, leaching, silting and the like. Although the engineering measures are widely applied, a series of problems of large amount of labor, high input cost, limited maintaining time or limited water resource shortage exist, the soil salinity cannot be reduced fundamentally, and the engineering measures are combined with other measures to carry out. And (2000) researches out engineering measures for separating saline from alkali by using a film in low-lying saline-alkali soil, namely, the water-resisting effect of the plastic film is utilized to block a passage for rising the saline and alkali, so that the effect of stably reducing the saline and alkali is achieved, but the plastic film is difficult to degrade, so that the problem of secondary pollution of the land is brought.

In order to control the evaporation of water on the surface of soil and reduce the accumulation of saline-alkali components to earth surface, a series of earth surface covering measures are developed. Such as straw mulching, stem and leaf chopping mulching or stubble mulching, mulching with plastic film mulching cement hard shell mulching, asphalt emulsion mulching and the like, have good effects on inhibiting surface water evaporation and even soil fertility improvement, but cannot be really popularized in production due to overhigh cost, overlow output, secondary pollution or resource limitation.

(2) The chemical method for improving the saline-alkali soil is to apply some acidic salt substances to improve the property of the saline-alkali soil, reduce the pH value of the soil, increase the cation replacement capacity of the soil, reduce the salt content of the soil, enhance the activity of microorganisms and enzymes in the soil and promote the growth of plant roots. Improving the physical property of soil, increasing the granular structure of soil, coordinating the water, fertilizer and gas heat of soil and increasing the fertility of soil.

(3) The biological method improves the saline-alkali soil by biological measures in the traditional sense of improving the saline-alkali soil, namely improving the saline-alkali soil by plants, and has the advantages of easy method and obvious economic benefit. The biological measures can gradually change the physical characteristics of the soil, so that the soil structure is changed, the texture becomes loose, and the air permeability and water storage capacity are enhanced.

In recent years, due to the demand of high-speed economic development in coastal areas, partial saline-alkali soil is being developed vigorously, so that more and more attention is paid to improvement of saline-alkali soil. Researches show that low-solubility calcium salts such as gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, calcium sulfite and the like have obvious saline-alkali soil improvement effect, can effectively promote the growth of plants after being applied, and reduce the pH value of soil and the content of sodium and potassium ions. However, the existing methods consume a large amount of natural resources, ingest natural substances or are manufactured through natural processing, and cannot meet the requirements of environmental protection and circular economy, so that the key point of urgent need breakthrough in the field is to find a technical method for improving saline-alkali soil by using wastes or recycled resources.

In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, China faces not only the puzzlement of naturally formed saline-alkali soil, but also bears huge pressure caused by soil environment pollution, in south China, acid rain settlement is continuously increased, and soil acidification is aggravated due to the large use of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, so that a large amount of nutrient elements such as Ca, Mg and P in soil are leached out, a large amount of heavy metals in soil are dissolved out, and the heavy metals in acid soil are the main reasons for inhibiting the growth of crops, causing the yield reduction of the crops and polluting grains. Soil acidification and accompanying heavy metal pollution become one of the main problems restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in China, and the area of each acidified soil is about 2 hundred million hm². The agricultural grain production reduction in China exceeds 1300 ten thousand tons due to various soil pollution.

In the aspect of acid soil improvement, the research of acid soil improvement agents has a long history, the initial research of more natural minerals such as zeolite, limestone, gypsum and the like becomes the first choice of the improvement agents due to the characteristics of quick response, economy and quickness, but the natural improvement agents have high development cost and are easy to cause a large amount of environmental pollution to become obstacles for application, and in addition, the long-term or large-amount use of lime can cause soil hardening and can also cause imbalance of elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like in soil to cause crop yield reduction. In recent years, with the accumulation of a large amount of industrial and agricultural byproducts, more and more researchers apply different byproducts as modifying agents, wherein phosphogypsum, alkaline residue, coal gangue, sludge, mushroom residue, fly ash and the like are subjected to a large amount of application research. However, industrial byproducts usually contain harmful heavy metals, toxic microorganisms and other problems, the components are unstable, the processing process is complex, and some organic matter modifiers need to be added with alkaline solutions such as potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH value, so that a great deal of problems exist in the practical application process.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soil improvement and restoration agent which is suitable for saline-alkali soil or acid soil and has the effects of low raw material cost, capability of adjusting the pH value of soil, avoiding soil hardening, retaining water, increasing fertility and the like.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for soil improvement remediation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for recycling a solid base catalyst or a solid acid catalyst, which can greatly reduce the use cost and the regeneration cost of the catalyst.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a soil improvement repairing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of waste solid alkali or solid acid catalyst; 15-20 parts of straw; 5-12 parts of compound microorganism; 10-20 parts of vinasse; 15-20 parts of powdered urea; 10-15 parts of animal waste; 6-12 parts of wood chips.

Most preferably, the soil improvement repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of waste solid alkali or solid acid catalyst; 15 parts of straw; 6 parts of compound microorganism; 12 parts of vinasse; 20 parts of powdered urea; 12 parts of animal waste; 10 parts of wood chips.

Preferably, the straw is at least one of wheat straw, corn straw, peanut straw, rice straw, sorghum straw, cotton straw, sugarcane straw and rape straw. The straw is a general term of stem leaf (ear) part of mature crops. Typically refers to the remainder of the wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, cotton, sugar cane and other crops (typically roughages) after harvesting the seed. More than half of the products of crop photosynthesis exist in the straws, and the straws are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, so that the straws are a multipurpose renewable biological resource and have the characteristics of low price and easy obtainment. Preferably, the water content of the straw is 8-15%.

Preferably, the vinasse is residue left after rice, wheat, sorghum and grapes are brewed, preferably, the residual content of alcohol in the vinasse is less than 5%, and most preferably, the residual content of alcohol in the vinasse is 1.5%; preferably, the moisture content of the whole stillage is less than 40%, and most preferably, the moisture content of the whole stillage is 8-10%. The lees can ferment under certain temperature and release the heat, can improve the bulk temperature of soil, is convenient for improve the physical and chemical structure of soil.

Preferably, the powdered urea is powdered urea, and the powdered urea is sieved by a 300-mesh sieve for later use. The urea can provide more nitrogen elements, and the heat released by the urea dissolution can be matched with the vinasse to increase the soil temperature, thereby being beneficial to the growth and the propagation of beneficial bacteria.

Preferably, the animal waste is dried animal waste, such as sheep, cattle, chicken, duck, preferably sheep and cattle, preferably, the water content of the animal waste is less than 20%, and most preferably, the water content of the animal waste is 10-15%.

Preferably, the wood chips are cutting waste from wood processing plants, preferably the wood chips have a moisture content of 10-15%, most preferably the wood chips have a moisture content of 12%. The wood dust is mixed into the soil, so that the air permeability and the water retention of the soil can be improved, and the wood dust can be decomposed for a long time and directly used as a nutrient for crops.

Most preferably, the composite microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

Preferably, the solid base catalyst is at least one of a wetting type, a metal oxide, a metal salt and a composite oxide, and the solid base catalyst does not contain sodium. The solid base catalyst does not contain sodium, which means that sodium ions are not generated after the solid base catalyst is mixed with water. The infiltration type is SiO₂、Al₂O₃And a sintered product formed from the carrier. The metal oxide is MgO, CaO, TiO₂、ZnO、K₂O, BaO, etc. The metal salt is K₂CO₃、CaCO₃、(NH₄)₂CO₃KCN, etc. The composite oxide is SiO₂·MgO、Al₂O₃·MgO、SiO₂·ZnO、ZrO₂·ZnO、TiO₂MgO, etc.

Preferably, theThe solid acid catalyst is at least one of natural clay, wetting, metal oxide and sulfide, metal salt and composite oxide, and the solid acid catalyst does not contain sodium. The solid acid catalyst does not contain sodium means that sodium ions are not generated after the solid acid catalyst is mixed with water. The natural clay refers to kaolin, bentonite, activated clay, montmorillonite, natural zeolite, etc. The infiltration type refers to a sinter formed by carriers such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, diatomite and the like. The metal oxide is aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, cerium dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, molybdenum trioxide, tungsten trioxide and the like. The sulfide is CdS, ZnS and the like. The metal salt is MgSO₄、SrSO₄、CuSO₄、ZnSO₄、NiSO₄、Bi(NO₃)₃、AlPO₄、TiCl₃、AlCl₃And the like. The composite oxide is SiO₂·Al₂O₃、SiO₂·ZrO₂、Al_/2O₃·MoO₃、Al₂O₃·Cr₂O₃、TiO₂·ZnO、TiO₂·V₂O₅、MoO₃·CoO·Al₂O₃Heteropoly acids and salts thereof, and the like.

A method for preparing a soil improvement repairing agent comprises the following steps:

A. respectively sieving the straws and the animal wastes with a 50-mesh sieve in a dry environment; uniformly mixing the vinasse, the powdery urea and the animal wastes according to the weight part, adding the straw and the wood dust according to the weight part, and uniformly mixing for later use;

B. crushing the waste solid alkali or solid acid catalyst, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, removing powder, and uniformly mixing with the compound microorganism according to the parts by weight for later use;

C. and D, uniformly mixing the mixture obtained in the step A and the mixture obtained in the step B according to the weight part to prepare the repairing agent.

A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s1, ensuring that the water content of soil is 10-20% in one month before planting crops, and uniformly scattering the soil improvement repairing agent on the soil to be repaired, wherein the dosage of the soil improvement repairing agent is 150-300 Kg/mu;

s2, mixing the soil improvement and repair agent with the soil by a rotary tillage machine; the soil rotary tillage depth is 15-25cm, after the rotary tillage is finished, the soil after the rotary tillage is immediately covered by a straw curtain, and then water is uniformly sprayed on the straw curtain; the water is sprayed for the first time to soak the rotary tillage layer;

s3, spraying water every 5 days to ensure that the average water content of the soil of the rotary tillage layer is 20-35%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

and S5, the straw mat is collected one day before the crops are planted, the soil is aired for one day, and the crops can be planted every other day. After the crops are planted, the crops can be managed according to a conventional field management mode.

Preferably, the straw mat with the thickness of 8-12cm is selected as the straw mat, and most preferably, the thickness of the straw mat is 10 cm.

A method for recycling a solid base or a solid acid catalyst comprises the following steps:

(1) after crops planted in the soil are harvested, primarily screening out solid alkali or solid acid catalyst in the soil by using a screening machine;

(2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the screened solid alkali or solid acid catalyst by using deionized water;

(3) and separating the washed solid alkali or solid acid catalyst from impurities by using a fine separator, and then re-sintering the catalyst to obtain the repaired solid alkali or solid acid catalyst.

The solid base or solid acid catalyst is understood to mean a used catalyst, which may be a catalyst actually participating in catalysis or a carrier for supporting an active ingredient actually participating in a catalytic reaction.

The invention has the following effects:

1. low cost of raw materials

The invention adopts the waste solid alkali or solid acid catalyst, straw, vinasse, wood chips, animal waste and the like as the raw materials of the soil conditioner, on one hand, the problem of recycling the waste catalyst is solved, on the other hand, a plurality of cheap materials are changed into valuables, the expensive chemical conditioner is replaced, the raw material cost is greatly reduced, the solid alkali or solid acid catalyst can be recycled, and a new path is opened up for the regeneration of industrial wastes.

2. The preparation process is simple and easy to operate, and the fertilizer is easy to manage after being applied.

The invention only needs to control the mixing and feeding sequence of the materials, only involves two operations of weighing and mixing, has extremely simple manufacture, adopts conventional equipment and is convenient to operate. After fertilization, watering is carried out on time, and the soil is kept in a specified humidity range, so that the management is convenient.

3. Good water retention, fertility increasing and soil hardening preventing effects

Compared with the traditional soil conditioner, the soil conditioner adopts the solid alkali or solid acid catalyst with a porous structure and the wood dust, can lock a large amount of water, avoids water loss, adopts organic matters such as straw, vinasse, animal excrement and the like, greatly relieves the soil hardening condition, and ensures that the soil is looser and has higher air permeability.

4. The catalyst has obvious regeneration effect

The invention improves the soil one month before the crops are planted, accelerates the rapid decomposition of the microbes on the acidic or alkaline substances, the straws, the wood chips and the animal wastes on the surface of the solid alkali or solid acid catalyst by adopting the fermentation of the vinasse and the powdery urea and generating heat, and leads the microbes in the soil to be rapidly propagated by the heat preservation of the straw mat and the irradiation of the sunlight, improves the soil fertilizer efficiency in a short time and changes the physical and chemical structure of the soil.

5. The economic and ecological benefits are remarkable

In a saline-alkali soil test demonstration area and an acidic land test demonstration area, the soil improvement repairing agent and the soil repairing method of the method are adopted, so that the emergence rate of test crops and the crop yield are obviously improved, the pH values of the saline-alkali soil and the acidic land tend to be neutral through determination, and the soil salinity content of a rotary tillage layer of the saline-alkali soil is obviously reduced; the regeneration rate of the catalyst obtained by the method is up to 99%, and no other heavy metal pollution is generated.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

Example 1:

1. a soil improvement repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2₂20 parts of MgO alkaline catalyst; 15 parts of corn straw; 6 parts of compound microorganism; 12 parts of vinasse; 20 parts of powdered urea; 12 parts of animal waste; 10 parts of wood chips. The compound microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

2. A method for preparing a soil improvement repairing agent comprises the following steps:

A. respectively sieving straws with the water content of 10 percent and animal wastes with the water content of 12 percent through a 50-mesh sieve in a dry environment; uniformly mixing 1.5% of residual alcohol content and 10% of water content with the distiller's grains, 300-mesh sieved powdery urea and animal manure according to parts by weight, adding straws and 12% of water content wood chips according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing for later use;

3. A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s1, ensuring that the water content of soil is 15% in one month before crops are planted, and uniformly scattering the soil improvement repairing agent on the soil to be repaired, wherein the using amount of the soil improvement repairing agent is 200 Kg/mu;

s2, mixing the soil improvement and repair agent with the soil by a rotary tillage machine; the soil rotary tillage depth is 20cm, after the rotary tillage is finished, the rotary tillage soil is immediately covered by a straw curtain, and then water is uniformly sprayed on the straw curtain; the water is sprayed for the first time to soak the rotary tillage layer; the thickness of the straw curtain is 10 cm;

s3, spraying water every 5 days, wherein the average water content of the soil in the rotary tillage layer is 22%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

4. A method for recycling a solid base or a solid acid catalyst comprises the following steps:

Example 2:

1. a soil improvement repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of CaO basic catalyst; 18 parts of corn straw; 10 parts of compound microorganism; 12 parts of vinasse; 15 parts of powdered urea; 14 parts of animal waste; 12 parts of wood chips. The compound microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

A. respectively sieving straws with the water content of 11 percent and animal wastes with the water content of 13 percent through a 50-mesh sieve in a dry environment; uniformly mixing 3% of residual alcohol content and 10% of water content with the distiller's grains, the powdery urea sieved by a 300-mesh sieve and the animal manure according to parts by weight, adding straw and 13% of water content wood chips according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing for later use;

3. A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s1, ensuring that the water content of the soil is 14% in one month before the crops are planted, and uniformly scattering the soil improvement repairing agent on the soil to be repaired, wherein the using amount of the soil improvement repairing agent is 150 Kg/mu;

s2, mixing the soil improvement and repair agent with the soil by a rotary tillage machine; the soil rotary tillage depth is 18cm, after the rotary tillage is finished, the soil after the rotary tillage is immediately covered by a straw curtain, and then water is uniformly sprayed on the straw curtain; the water is sprayed for the first time to soak the rotary tillage layer; the thickness of the straw curtain is 10 cm;

s3, spraying water every 5 days to ensure that the average water content of the soil of the rotary tillage layer is 23%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

Example 3:

1. a soil improvement repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: CaCO₃25 parts of a basic catalyst; 18 parts of corn straw; 12 parts of compound microorganism; 15 parts of vinasse; 15 parts of powdered urea; 15 parts of animal waste; 8 parts of wood chips. The compound microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

A. respectively sieving straws with the water content of 15 percent and animal wastes with the water content of 15 percent through a 50-mesh sieve in a dry environment; uniformly mixing 2% of residual alcohol content and 30% of water content with the distiller's grains, the powdery urea sieved by a 300-mesh sieve and the animal manure according to parts by weight, adding straw and 12% of water content wood chips according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing for later use;

3. A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s1, ensuring that the water content of soil is 10% in one month before crops are planted, and uniformly scattering the soil improvement repairing agent on the soil to be repaired, wherein the using amount of the soil improvement repairing agent is 150 Kg/mu;

s3, spraying water every 5 days to ensure that the average water content of the soil of the rotary tillage layer is 22%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

Example 4:

1. a soil improvement repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: with Al₂O₃30 parts of waste catalyst serving as a carrier; 15 parts of corn straw; 12 parts of compound microorganism; 20 parts of vinasse; 18 parts of powdered urea; 12 parts of animal waste; 8 parts of wood chips. The compound microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

A. respectively sieving straws with the water content of 10 percent and animal wastes with the water content of 15 percent through a 50-mesh sieve in a dry environment; uniformly mixing 1.5% of residual alcohol content and 10% of water content with the distiller's grains, 300-mesh sieved powdery urea and animal manure according to parts by weight, adding straws and 12% of water content wood chips according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing for later use;

3. A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s1, ensuring that the water content of soil is 15% in one month before crops are planted, and uniformly scattering the soil improvement repairing agent on the soil to be repaired, wherein the using amount of the soil improvement repairing agent is 300 Kg/mu;

s2, mixing the soil improvement and repair agent with the soil by a rotary tillage machine; the soil rotary tillage depth is 18cm, after the rotary tillage is finished, the soil after the rotary tillage is immediately covered by a straw curtain, and then water is uniformly sprayed on the straw curtain; the water is sprayed for the first time to soak the rotary tillage layer; the thickness of the straw curtain is 12 cm;

s3, spraying water every 5 days to ensure that the average water content of the soil of the rotary tillage layer is 20%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

Example 5:

1. soil improvementThe good repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: with TiO₂20 parts of waste catalyst serving as a carrier; 15 parts of corn straw; 6 parts of compound microorganism; 12 parts of vinasse; 20 parts of powdered urea; 12 parts of animal waste; 10 parts of wood chips. The compound microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

A. respectively sieving straws with the water content of 11 percent and animal wastes with the water content of 11 percent through a 50-mesh sieve in a dry environment; uniformly mixing 1.3% of residual alcohol content and 14% of water content with the distiller's grains, 300-mesh sieved powdery urea and animal manure according to parts by weight, adding straws and 14% of water content wood chips according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing for later use;

3. A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s1, ensuring that the water content of soil is 17% in one month before crops are planted, and uniformly scattering the soil improvement repairing agent on the soil to be repaired, wherein the using amount of the soil improvement repairing agent is 200 Kg/mu;

s2, mixing the soil improvement and repair agent with the soil by a rotary tillage machine; the soil rotary tillage depth is 19cm, after the rotary tillage is finished, the soil after the rotary tillage is immediately covered by a straw curtain, and then water is uniformly sprayed on the straw curtain; the water is sprayed for the first time to soak the rotary tillage layer; the thickness of the straw curtain is 10 cm;

s3, spraying water every 5 days to ensure that the average water content of the soil of the rotary tillage layer is 24%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

Example 6:

1. a soil improvement repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2₂·Al₂O₃15 parts of a basic catalyst; 18 parts of corn straw; 10 parts of compound microorganism; 12 parts of vinasse; 15 parts of powdered urea; 14 parts of animal waste; 12 parts of wood chips. The compound microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

A. respectively sieving straws with the water content of 13 percent and animal wastes with the water content of 14 percent through a 50-mesh sieve in a dry environment; uniformly mixing 3% of residual alcohol content and 16% of water content with the distiller's grains, the powdery urea sieved by a 300-mesh sieve and the animal manure according to parts by weight, adding straw and 11% of water content wood chips according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing for later use;

3. A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s1, ensuring that the water content of soil is 16% in one month before crops are planted, and uniformly scattering the soil improvement repairing agent on the soil to be repaired, wherein the using amount of the soil improvement repairing agent is 150 Kg/mu;

s3, spraying water every 5 days to ensure that the average water content of the soil of the rotary tillage layer is 35%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

Example 7:

1. a soil improvement repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: AlPO₄25 parts of a basic catalyst; 18 parts of corn straw; 12 parts of compound microorganism; 15 parts of vinasse; 15 parts of powdered urea; 15 parts of animal waste; 8 parts of wood chips. The compound microorganism consists of 20 percent of azotobacter and nitre20% of chemobactria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

3. A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s1, ensuring that the water content of soil is 17% in one month before crops are planted, and uniformly scattering the soil improvement repairing agent on the soil to be repaired, wherein the using amount of the soil improvement repairing agent is 150 Kg/mu;

s3, spraying water every 5 days to ensure that the average water content of the soil of the rotary tillage layer is 32%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

Example 8:

1. a soil improvement repairing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of ZnS alkaline catalyst; 15 parts of corn straw; 12 parts of compound microorganism; 20 parts of vinasse; 18 parts of powdered urea; 12 parts of animal waste; 8 parts of wood chips. The compound microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

A. respectively sieving straws with the water content of 10 percent and animal wastes with the water content of 14 percent through a 50-mesh sieve in a dry environment; uniformly mixing 1.5% of residual alcohol content and 10% of water content with the distiller's grains, 300-mesh sieved powdery urea and animal manure according to parts by weight, adding straws and 12% of water content wood chips according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing for later use;

3. A soil improvement and remediation method comprises the following steps:

s3, spraying water every 5 days to ensure that the average water content of the soil of the rotary tillage layer is 25%;

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

Experimental example 1: test of saline and alkaline land

1. Outline of the exemplary region of experiment

The area of the experimental demonstration zone is 200m²(10m is multiplied by 20m), the salinization distribution is uniform, the pH value is between 8.6 and 8.7, and the salt content of the soil is between 3 and 4 g/kg. The crops tested were rice (SALT RICE No. 9), sunflower (DW 767 for Meikui oil) and maize (Yumilonping 208).

2. The experimental process comprises the following steps: and (3) measuring the soil salt content and the pH value of the rotary tillage layer, measuring the average germination rate and the crop yield of crops, and measuring the regeneration rate of the recovered catalyst. The control group was not added with the soil improvement restoration agent of the present invention, and the soil improvement method of the present invention was not used.

3. The experimental results of examples 1 to 4 are shown in table 1 below:

3. conclusion of the experiment

From the above table, it can be seen that: after improvement, the emergence rate and the crop yield of the salt rice No. 9 and the Mesua oil DW767 and the corn Longping 208 in the demonstration area are obviously improved, and the salt content and the pH value of a rotary tillage layer are obviously reduced, which fully indicates that the saline-alkali soil is improved and the crop emergence rate and the crop yield are improved by adopting the soil improvement repairing agent and the soil repairing method of the invention.

The regeneration rate of the catalyst is as high as 99 percent, which shows that the catalyst treated by the method has the function of regenerating the catalyst.

Experimental example 2: testing of acid land

1. Experimental demonstration zone overview

The area of the experimental demonstration zone is 200m²(10m is multiplied by 20m), the acidification distribution is uniform, and the pH value is between 4.7 and 4.8. The tested crops are rice (Longdao 18), buckwheat (Chuanqiao No. 1) and rape (spike source 988).

2. The experimental process comprises the following steps: and (3) measuring the pH value of the rotary tillage layer, the crop emergence rate and the crop yield, and measuring the regeneration rate of the recovered catalyst. The control group was not added with the soil improvement restoration agent of the present invention, and the soil improvement method of the present invention was not used.

3. The experimental results of example 4 and examples 5 to 8 are shown in table 2 below:

3. conclusion of the experiment

From the above table, it can be seen that: after improvement, the emergence rate and the crop yield of the dragon rice 18, the Chuan buckwheat 1 and the panicle source 988 in the demonstration area are obviously improved, and the pH value of a rotary tillage layer is restored to be weakly acidic or neutral, which fully shows that the soil improvement repairing agent and the soil repairing method of the invention improve acidified soil, improve the crop emergence rate and the yield, and improve the pH value of a soil planting layer.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The soil improvement repairing agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

15-30 parts of waste solid alkali or solid acid catalyst;

15-20 parts of straw;

5-12 parts of compound microorganism;

10-20 parts of vinasse;

15-20 parts of powdered urea;

10-15 parts of animal waste;

6-12 parts of wood chips.

2. The soil improvement remediation agent of claim 1, comprising the following components by weight:

20 parts of waste solid alkali or solid acid catalyst;

15 parts of straw;

6 parts of compound microorganism;

12 parts of vinasse;

20 parts of powdered urea;

12 parts of animal waste;

10 parts of wood chips.

3. The soil improvement repairing agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite microorganism consists of 20% of azotobacter, 20% of nitrobacteria, 30% of saprophytic bacteria, 12% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium and 8% of bacillus mucilaginosus.

4. A soil amendment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid base catalyst is at least one of a wetting type, a metal oxide, a metal salt and a composite oxide, and the solid base catalyst is sodium-free.

5. A soil amendment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid acid catalyst is at least one of natural clays, infiltrated metals, metal oxides and sulphides, metal salts and complex oxides, and the solid acid catalyst is sodium-free.

6. The method for producing a soil improvement restoration agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

the method comprises the following steps:

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the distillers grains have a moisture content of less than 40% and the dried cow dung has a moisture content of less than 20%.

8. A method for improving and restoring soil, which comprises the steps of using the soil improvement restoring agent prepared according to claim 7:

s4, after 15 days, repeating the above steps S2 and S3;

and S5, the straw mat is collected one day before the crops are planted, the soil is aired for one day, and the crops can be planted every other day.

9. The soil improvement and restoration method according to claim 8, wherein the straw mat is 8-12cm thick.

10. A method for recycling a solid base or a solid acid catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) after harvesting the crops planted in the method of claim 8, primarily screening out solid alkali or solid acid catalyst in the soil by using a screening machine;