CN110590460A - Freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A freeze-reducing and thawing-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions, a preparation method and application thereof belong to the technical field of soil agricultural chemistry. The freeze-reducing and melting-controlling synergist comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 40 parts of straw biochar, 10 to 20 parts of fly ash, 10 to 25 parts of humic acid, 10 to 25 parts of bentonite, 15 to 30 parts of weathered coal and 5 to 10 parts of plant ash. The invention can effectively reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the porosity of the soil and the proportion of large aggregates, improve the field water holding capacity of the soil and adjust the proportion of solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase of the soil. The straw biochar and the weathered coal in the synergist have the physical characteristics of developed pores, small volume weight and large specific surface area, and can effectively reduce the volume weight of soil, increase the porosity of the soil, improve the field water holding capacity of the soil and adjust the three phase ratio of the soil. Abundant humus in the straw biochar and humic acid is a good cementing agent with a granular structure, and the proportion of large aggregates in the soil is effectively increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil agricultural chemistry, and particularly relates to a freeze-reducing and thawing-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions, a preparation method and application.
Background
The seasonal frozen soil area of China accounts for about 54 percent of the soil area of China, is mainly located in northeast, northwest and northwest areas of China, and most of the areas belong to arid and semiarid water resource shortage areas. The phenomenon of freeze-thaw cycling of soil is a natural phenomenon commonly existing in medium and high altitude, high altitude or partial mountainous regions. When the temperature fluctuates around the natural freezing temperature, the soil water is continuously frozen and melted. The freeze-thaw cycle has a great influence on the physical properties of the soil, the microbial community structure, the activity and various substances contained in the soil. With the continuous temperature rise of global climate in recent years, the thickness of the snow cover layer on the ground surface is reduced in winter, and the ground surface temperature is more easily influenced by sunlight and air temperature, so that the freezing and thawing effect is enhanced and the freezing and thawing are alternately increased. In a seasonal frozen soil crop planting area in China, soil also has certain periodic changes in temperature and liquid water content in the periodic freezing and thawing cycle process, and the main influence of the freezing and thawing action on the hydrothermal condition in the soil is reflected as follows: for overwintering crops (such as rice, soybean, corn and the like), the hydrothermal condition of the soil in the overwintering period directly influences the emergence rate of the crops, indirectly influences the growth of seedlings of the crops and the accumulation of substances, and plays a role in starting and stopping the growth of the crops.
Soil is a material foundation of agricultural production, the hydrothermal condition in the soil has important influence on the activity of microorganisms in the soil, nutrient conversion and the respiration of plant roots, and important material guarantee is provided for the growth of crops. Therefore, the soil hydrothermal migration and change seriously affect the physical and chemical processes in the soil, and have important significance on the growth and development of crops. Under the alternate action of freezing and thawing, the physical structure of the soil is improved, the hydrothermal condition of the soil is effectively adjusted, the number of times of the alternate freezing and thawing is reduced, and the method has important practical significance for reasonably developing the hydrothermal resources of the soil and efficiently utilizing the freezing and thawing soil in cold regions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the freezing and thawing reduction control synergist for agricultural production in cold regions, which can improve the physical structure of soil, adjust the hydrothermal condition of the soil and relieve the freezing and thawing alternation of the soil, the preparation method and the application are provided by screening, compounding and repeatedly testing a large amount of absorption and structure improvement materials such as straw biochar, humic acid and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a freeze-reducing and thawing-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 40 parts of straw biochar, 10 to 20 parts of fly ash, 10 to 25 parts of humic acid, 10 to 25 parts of bentonite, 15 to 30 parts of weathered coal and 5 to 10 parts of plant ash.
Preferably, 1 to 2 parts of polyglutamic acid is further added.
Preferably, the plant ash is mixed with concentrated H2SO4Uniformly mixing and stirring the materials according to the weight ratio of 2:1, sealing the materials, carrying out chelation reaction, and reacting for 5-7 days at normal temperature to obtain a reactant.
Preferably, the straw biochar is obtained by placing corn straws in a tubular furnace filled with nitrogen flow to carry out high-temperature carbonization, wherein the carbonization temperature is 500-600 ℃, the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, the constant temperature time is 2-3 h, the nitrogen gas inlet flow is 0.2-0.3L/min, and the carbonization time is 8-20 h.
Preferably, the carbonization time is 10 hours.
The preparation method of the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for the agricultural production in the cold region comprises the following steps:
1) weighing straw biochar, fly ash, humic acid, bentonite and weathered coal according to the weight parts;
2) mixing plant ash with concentrated H2SO4Uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture according to the weight ratio of 2:1 for reaction to obtain a reactant;
3) placing the weighed raw materials and the reactant obtained in the step 2) into a stirrer, and stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture;
4) granulating the mixed material obtained in the step 3), drying and screening out particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
The application of the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist in the agricultural production in the cold region is characterized in that the synergist is applied to soil together with autumn soil preparation, and the depth of the applied synergist is 10-30 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the synergist is 50-100 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can effectively reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the porosity of the soil and the proportion of large aggregates, improve the field water holding capacity of the soil and adjust the proportion of solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase of the soil. The straw biochar and the weathered coal in the synergist have the physical characteristics of developed pores, small volume weight and large specific surface area, and can effectively reduce the volume weight of soil, increase the porosity of the soil, improve the field water holding capacity of the soil and adjust the three phase ratio of the soil. Abundant humus in the straw biochar and humic acid is a good cementing agent with a granular structure, and the proportion of large aggregates in the soil is effectively increased.
2. The invention can effectively adjust the soil hydrothermal condition, reduce the times of freeze thawing alternation, and the silicate mineral substance and the carbon granules in the fly ash have porous structures, thereby being beneficial to reducing the soil volume weight, improving the porosity, improving the ground temperature and reducing the soil expansion rate. On one hand, the synergist is gray black, so that solar radiation heat is absorbed, and the heat absorption capacity of soil is enhanced, so that the ground temperature is improved; on the other hand, the fly ash in the synergist can change the oxidation-reduction state of soil, accelerate the hydrolysis of minerals and release a large amount of energy, so that the mineralization of organic matters and the oxidation process of the organic matters are accelerated, the oxidative hydrolysis of magnetic minerals and the oxidative decomposition of the organic matters in the fly ash are accelerated, the energy release is strong, and the ground temperature is further improved.
3. The composition is organic materials, is applied as organic matters and a high carbon source, can effectively adjust the C/N ratio in soil and promotes the microbial activity of the soil. The increase of the ground temperature promotes the decomposition of organic fertilizers and the multiplication of microorganisms, promotes the respiration and metabolic processes of crops, increases the effectiveness of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and the like in soil and forms a benign hydrothermal circulation environment.
4. The polyglutamic acid can be added to the fertilizer, the polyglutamic acid and humic acid generate a chelating reaction and are combined with nitrogen in the fertilizer and soil to play a role in fixing, so that the combined molecular structure is more stable, the synergistic effect is stronger, and the soil loss is effectively prevented.
5. After the synergist is applied to soil, the physical properties of the soil are improved, the hydrothermal condition of the soil is adjusted, and the effects of supplementing high-carbon nutrients, promoting the activity of soil microorganisms, increasing the content of soil organic matters and fertilizing soil fertility are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different application rates on soil volume weight and porosity at different soil depths according to the present invention; wherein (a) represents the effect on the bulk weight of the soil; (b) indicating the effect on soil porosity.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different application amounts on the soil moisture at a depth of 0-20 cm.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different application rates of the present invention on the temperature of 10cm soil.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of straw biochar, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of weathered coal and 5 parts of plant ash.
The biochar is obtained by putting corn straws into a tubular furnace filled with nitrogen flow to carry out high-temperature carbonization, wherein the carbonization temperature is 500 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the constant temperature time is 2h, the nitrogen gas inlet flow is 0.2L/min, and the carbonization time is 10h, and cooling is carried out.
The preparation method of the freeze-reducing and melting-controlling synergist for the agricultural production in the cold region is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing straw biochar, fly ash, humic acid, bentonite and weathered coal according to the weight parts;
2) mixing plant ash with concentrated H2SO4By weightUniformly mixing and stirring the mixture according to the ratio of 2:1 for reaction to obtain a reactant;
3) placing the weighed raw materials and the reactant obtained in the step 2) into a stirrer, and stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture;
4) granulating the mixed material obtained in the step 3), drying and screening out particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
The application of the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist in the agricultural production in the cold region is characterized in that the synergist is applied to soil together with autumn soil preparation, and the depth of the applied soil is 20 cm. The application amount of the synergist is 50 kg/mu.
Example 2: the difference between this example and example 1 is: in this example, 1 part of polyglutamic acid was added. The freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of straw biochar, 14 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of weathered coal, 1 part of polyglutamic acid and 10 parts of plant ash.
The biochar is obtained by putting corn straws into a tubular furnace filled with nitrogen flow to carry out high-temperature carbonization, wherein the carbonization temperature is 550 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the constant temperature time is 2.5h, the nitrogen gas inlet flow is 0.25L/min, and the carbonization time is 8h, and cooling is carried out.
The preparation method of the freeze-reducing and melting-controlling synergist for the agricultural production in the cold region is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing straw biochar, fly ash, humic acid, bentonite and weathered coal according to the weight parts;
2) uniformly mixing plant ash and water according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and reacting to obtain a reactant;
3) placing the weighed raw materials and the reactant obtained in the step 2) into a stirrer, and stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture;
4) granulating the mixed material obtained in the step 3), drying and screening out particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
The application of the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist in the agricultural production in the cold region is characterized in that the synergist is applied to soil together with autumn soil preparation, and the depth of the applied soil is 25 cm. The application amount of the synergist is 80 kg/mu.
Example 3: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of straw biochar, 13 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyglutamic acid and 10 parts of plant ash.
The biochar is obtained by putting corn straws into a tubular furnace filled with nitrogen flow to carry out high-temperature carbonization, wherein the carbonization temperature is 600 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the constant temperature time is 3h, the nitrogen gas inlet flow is 0.3L/min, and the carbonization time is 15h, and cooling.
The preparation method of the freeze-reducing and melting-controlling synergist for the agricultural production in the cold region is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing straw biochar, fly ash, humic acid, bentonite and weathered coal according to the weight parts;
2) mixing plant ash with concentrated H2SO4Uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture according to the weight ratio of 2:1 for reaction to obtain a reactant;
3) placing the weighed raw materials and the reactant obtained in the step 2) into a stirrer, and stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture;
4) granulating the mixed material obtained in the step 3), drying and screening out particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
The application of the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist in the agricultural production in the cold region is characterized in that the synergist is applied to soil together with autumn soil preparation, and the depth of the applied soil is 20 cm. The application amount of the synergist is 100 kg/mu.
Example 4: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of straw biochar, 10 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of bentonite, 15 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyglutamic acid and 10 parts of plant ash.
The biochar is obtained by putting corn straws into a tubular furnace filled with nitrogen flow to carry out high-temperature carbonization, wherein the carbonization temperature is 500 ℃, the heating rate is 12 ℃/min, the constant temperature time is 2h, the nitrogen gas inlet flow is 0.2L/min, and the carbonization time is 20h, and cooling is carried out.
Example 5: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of straw biochar, 18 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of humic acid, 30 parts of bentonite, 30 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyglutamic acid and 10 parts of plant ash.
The biochar is obtained by putting corn straws into a tubular furnace filled with nitrogen flow to carry out high-temperature carbonization, wherein the carbonization temperature is 520 ℃, the heating rate is 13 ℃/min, the constant temperature time is 2.2h, the nitrogen gas inlet flow is 0.28L/min, and the carbonization time is 18h, and cooling is carried out.
Comparative test
A series of tests on the freezing and thawing reduction and control synergist for agricultural production in cold regions are carried out by taking the freezing and thawing reduction and control synergist in the example 1 as a sample, so that a good application effect is achieved.
The test is carried out in Chua cattle village in TieLing city of Liaoning province, and four treatments of not applying synergist namely peasant habitual fertilization (CK), increasing 50kg of the freezing-reducing and melting-controlling synergist (T1) on the basis of peasant habitual fertilization, increasing 80kg of the freezing-reducing and melting-controlling synergist (T2) on the basis of peasant habitual fertilization and increasing 100kg of the freezing-reducing and melting-controlling synergist (T3) on the basis of peasant habitual fertilization are carried out, wherein each treatment is repeated for three times, and the total number of 12 districts, the blocks are randomly arranged, and the area of each district is 30m2。
(1) Influence of freezing and thawing control synergist applied to agricultural production in cold regions on volume weight and porosity of soil
As can be seen from the figure 1, compared with the control, the volume weight of the soil treated by the synergist T1, T2 and T3 is remarkably reduced by 0.82-1.48% and 0.22-2.97% respectively after being treated by 5-10 cm and 15-20 cm; the porosity of the soil is respectively increased by 0.22-2.98% and 0.86-1.14%. Therefore, the freeze-reducing and thawing-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions can obviously reduce the volume weight of soil, increase the porosity of the soil and improve the structure of the soil.
(2) Influence of freezing and thawing control synergist applied to agricultural production in cold regions on soil nutrient condition
As shown in table 1. The difference between the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the effective potassium and the organic matter of CK and T1, T2 and T3 is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and compared with the control treatment, the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of 0-20cm after the application of the freezing and thawing resistant synergist is increased by 1.62%, 5.41% and 9.46% respectively; the quick-acting potassium is increased by 6.55 percent, 13.11 percent and 15.40 percent; the organic matters are respectively increased by 0.73 percent, 1.41 percent and 1.59 percent.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on soil nutrients (0-20cm)
Note: the different letter representations differed significantly at the 0.05 level.
(3) Influence of freezing and thawing control synergist applied to agricultural production in cold regions on soil hydrothermal condition
The effect of applying freeze-reducing and thawing-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions on soil moisture is shown in fig. 2. By applying the freezing and thawing resistant synergist, the average water content of 0-20cm of soil treated by the freezing and thawing resistant synergist is improved by 1.45-2.28 percent compared with that of control treatment in the alternate period of soil freezing and thawing in 11-2018 and 4-2017. Therefore, the freeze-reducing and thawing-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions obviously reduces the volume weight of soil, increases the porosity of the soil, increases the water storage capacity of the soil and slows down the occurrence frequency of surface runoff.
The effect of applying freeze-reducing thaw-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions on soil temperature is shown in fig. 3. Compared with the control treatment, the average temperature of the soil with 10cm treated by the freezing and thawing increasing and reducing anti-thawing synergist is increased by 0.86-2.0 ℃ during the alternating period of freezing and thawing of the soil from 11 months to 4 months in 2017.
Claims (8)
1. The freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 40 parts of straw biochar, 10 to 20 parts of fly ash, 10 to 25 parts of humic acid, 10 to 25 parts of bentonite, 15 to 30 parts of weathered coal and 5 to 10 parts of plant ash.
2. The freezing-reduction melting-control synergist for agricultural production in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 1-2 parts of polyglutamic acid is also added.
3. The freezing-reduction melting-control synergist for agricultural production in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: mixing plant ash with concentrated H2SO4Uniformly mixing and stirring the materials according to the weight ratio of 2:1, sealing the materials, carrying out chelation reaction, and reacting for 5-7 days at normal temperature to obtain a reactant.
4. The freezing-reduction melting-control synergist for agricultural production in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw biochar is obtained by putting corn straws into a tubular furnace filled with nitrogen flow to carry out high-temperature carbonization, wherein the carbonization temperature is 500-600 ℃, the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, the constant temperature time is 2-3 h, the nitrogen gas inlet flow is 0.2-0.3L/min, and the carbonization time is 8-20 h.
5. The freezing-reduction melting-control synergist for agricultural production in cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: the carbonization time was 10 hours.
6. The method for preparing the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist for agricultural production in cold regions according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the freezing-reducing melting-controlling synergist comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing straw biochar, fly ash, humic acid, bentonite and weathered coal according to the weight parts;
2) mixing plant ash with concentrated H2SO4Uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture according to the weight ratio of 2:1 for reaction to obtain a reactant;
3) placing the weighed raw materials and the reactant obtained in the step 2) into a stirrer, and stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture;
4) granulating the mixed material obtained in the step 3), drying and screening out particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
7. The use of the freeze-thaw control synergist for agricultural production in cold regions according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and applying the synergist into soil together with autumn soil preparation, wherein the depth of the applied synergist is 10-30 cm.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein: the application amount of the synergist is 50-100 kg/mu.
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Application publication date: 20191220 |