CN115746864A - Biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115746864A CN115746864A CN202211353599.8A CN202211353599A CN115746864A CN 115746864 A CN115746864 A CN 115746864A CN 202211353599 A CN202211353599 A CN 202211353599A CN 115746864 A CN115746864 A CN 115746864A
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- biochar
- polyacrylamide
- coastal saline
- soil conditioner
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PFRUBEOIWWEFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[S] Chemical compound [N].[S] PFRUBEOIWWEFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 26
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 17
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- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 phosphate radical Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004151 quinonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof. The charcoal-based soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 7-25 parts of amino acid modified polyacrylamide and 0.1-0.5 part of fulvic acid chelated iron. The biochar-based soil conditioner is prepared by mixing a specific amount of modified biomass charcoal material, desulfurized gypsum, fulvic acid chelated iron and amino acid modified polyacrylamide, and is applied to coastal saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The coastal saline-alkali soil is hardened and sticky in soil texture, has the characteristics of poor structure, high salt content and pH value, low fertility, no water retention, no fertilizer retention and the like, and plants or crops are difficult to grow normally in the soil, so that the improvement of the coastal saline-alkali soil is significant for agricultural production. For the treatment of coastal saline-alkali land, chemical improvement is a more traditional measure which is relatively widely applied.
At present, the chemical modifiers for the common saline-alkali soil are mainly classified into the following three types: first, calcium-containing materials, such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, desulfurized gypsum, calcium chloride, calcium superphosphate and the like; the second type is acidic substances, such as sulfuric acid, ferrous sulfate, sulfur, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, humic acid, fulvic acid, weathered coal and the like; the third type is a polymeric organic modifier, such as polyacrylamide and the like. At present, chemical improving agents in the market are more in types and single in components, so that the improving effect is single, only the improvement on soil is paid attention to, the soil fertility improvement and the crop salt tolerance improvement are neglected, meanwhile, the saline-alkali resistance of the improved soil is serious, the soil is easy to excessively adjust after long-term use, and even secondary pollution is caused.
In recent years, biomass charcoal materials prepared by biomass pyrolysis have attracted much attention due to their environmental protection, low cost, and various structures (such as porous structures, aromatic structures, and abundant functional groups). When the biomass carbon is applied to the saline-alkali soil, the volume weight of the soil can be effectively reduced, the porosity of the soil is increased, the respiration of the soil is enhanced, the content of aggregate in the soil can be increased, the soil mineralization phenomenon is reduced, the soil layer structure is not easy to harden, and the biomass carbon also has the effects of water retention, fertilizer retention, carbon sequestration and emission reduction.
In view of the above, the invention provides a biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 7-25 parts of amino acid modified polyacrylamide and 0.1-0.5 part of fulvic acid chelated iron.
Preferably, the preparation method of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass charcoal material comprises the following steps: (1) Drying and crushing the waste straws to obtain waste powder; (2) Pouring the dried and crushed waste residue powder, deionized water, mixed acid formed by nitric acid and phytic acid into the inner liner of a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and moving the reaction kettle into a drying box for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a sticky substance; (3) And ultrasonically dispersing the obtained sticky substance and thiourea in deionized water, drying, carbonizing, grinding and sieving to obtain the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material with the particle size of 120-560 microns.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nitric acid to the phytic acid in the mixed acid formed by the nitric acid and the phytic acid is 1-5: 2-5, the waste straws comprise waste lotus leaf stalks and waste crop straws, such as any one or more of wheat, rice, corn, reed and the like.
Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the waste straw to the thiourea to the mixed acid is 15-25 g: 3-6 g:3 to 8ml.
Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 2-6 h; the drying temperature is 100-125 ℃, and the drying time is 8-12 h; the carbonization is carried out in the protective gas atmosphere, the carbonization temperature is 750-900 ℃, and the carbonization time is 8-12 h.
Preferably, the preparation of the amino acid modified polyacrylamide comprises the following steps: diluting polyacrylamide with distilled water, adding sodium carbonate and formaldehyde into a polyacrylamide aqueous solution while stirring, heating to 40-45 ℃, and reacting for 2-4 hours while keeping the temperature; and then adding a glycine solution, continuously stirring, keeping the temperature, reacting for 2-4 h, adding the reaction solution into an acetone solution after the reaction is finished, precipitating and purifying, and drying in vacuum to obtain the amino acid modified polyacrylamide.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide to the sodium carbonate to the formaldehyde is 1:1 to 1.4:1 to 1.7, the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 60000 to 80000, and the mass fraction of the polyacrylic acid aqueous solution is 5 to 7 percent.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the biochar-based soil conditioner for the coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following specific steps: mixing the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, the desulfurized gypsum and the fulvic acid chelated iron to obtain a mixed material, then dissolving the amino acid modified polyacrylamide in water, uniformly spraying the amino acid modified polyacrylamide on the mixed material, uniformly mixing, granulating and drying to obtain the biochar-based soil conditioner.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The soil texture of the coastal saline-alkali soil is hardened and sticky, the porosity is low, and the pH value is high, so that the modified biomass charcoal material is selected as a matrix, specifically, firstly, mixed acid formed by nitric acid and phytic acid is adopted to modify biomass charcoal obtained by pyrolysis of waste straws, so that the biomass charcoal is loaded with acid, and when the modified biomass charcoal is applied to the coastal saline-alkali soil, through the slow release effect of the biomass charcoal, acidic substances are slowly released, the pH value of the soil can be durably reduced, the soil nutrient can be increased, the soil structure can be improved for a long time, and the water permeability and air permeability of the soil can be effectively increased; according to the invention, nitric acid and phytic acid are selected as modifiers of biomass carbon, on one hand, the phytic acid is a natural plant compound, has a plurality of phosphate radical functional groups capable of chelating, complexing and esterifying, and can generate esterification reaction with hydroxyl groups on cellulose in waste straw raw materials, the raw materials are modified by using mixed acid formed by the nitric acid and the phytic acid, after the hydrothermal reaction at 100-200 ℃, the phosphate radical can be introduced to biochar formed by carbonization in the process of heating to 750-900 ℃, the oxygen-containing functional group of the biochar is increased, the adsorption of the biochar to heavy metal ions in soil is further enhanced, and meanwhile, the acidic biomass carbon can effectively reduce the pH value in saline-alkali soil and improve the pH value of the soil; on the other hand, the mixed acid formed by nitric acid and phytic acid is used for carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a hydrothermal reaction system, and then carbonization is carried out to prepare the biomass charcoal, so that the problem that holes are blocked only in the carbonization process after the straws are dried in the biomass charcoal preparation process in the prior art can be prevented, the porosity of the obtained biomass charcoal material is effectively improved, and the specific surface area is increased. In addition, thiourea is introduced in the process of preparing the biomass charcoal, and the prepared nitrogen-sulfur co-doped modified biomass charcoal material has the existence of thiourea group, so that the thiourea group not only participates in the cracking of the biomass charcoal to play a role in synergistically enhancing the cracking effect, but also supplements nitrogen and sulfur elements required by plant growth, and is beneficial to the restoration and improvement of soil fertility. The modified biomass charcoal material is applied to the coastal saline-alkali soil as one of the raw materials of the soil conditioner, so that the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil can be obviously improved, the modified biomass charcoal material has a good adsorption effect on pollutants in the soil, the mobility and bioavailability of the pollutants in the soil are reduced, and the physical properties of the soil are improved.
(2) According to the invention, the amino acid modified polyacrylamide is used as a high-molecular adsorption resin, and the prepared amino acid modified polyacrylamide can retain water and reduce the content of nitrate in planted crops by adopting glutamic acid modified polyacrylamide (glutamic acid is acidic amino acid and can effectively reduce the pH of soil), and can improve the emergence rate of crop seeds.
(3) The fulvic acid used in the method is chelated with iron, the fulvic acid has rich nutrient substances and also has the functions of improving soil, stimulating crop growth, improving the quality of agricultural products and the like, the problem of insufficient fertility of cultivated land can be solved by increasing the application of the fulvic acid, and the contained iron is a necessary nutrient element for plant growth and development and can increase the nutrient content of the soil; the used desulfurized gypsum can replace sodium ions in soil.
(4) According to the invention, the biochar-based soil conditioner is prepared by mixing the modified biomass charcoal material, the desulfurized gypsum, the fulvic acid chelated iron and the amino acid modified polyacrylamide with specific dosages, and is applied to the coastal saline-alkali soil, through the synergistic cooperation of the raw materials, the physical and chemical properties (soil water content, pH and salinity) of the coastal saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, particularly the salt content, pH, soil volume weight and soil compactness of plough layer soil are remarkably reduced, the ventilation and water retention performance of the soil is enhanced, the water holding capacity of the soil in a 0-20cm soil layer field is increased by 20.1%, the saturation hydraulic conductivity of surface soil is increased to 1.8mm/h, the downward leaching of the salinity is facilitated, and meanwhile, nutrient substances can be provided, the soil aggregate structure is improved, and the technical effect of comprehensively improving the coastal saline-alkali soil is achieved.
(5) After the biochar-based soil conditioner is added, the saline-alkali resistance of crops (oil sunflowers) planted in saline-alkali soil can be obviously improved, the growth and development of the crops in a growth period are obviously promoted, the accumulation of dry matter of the crops is promoted, and the quality and the acre yield of the crops are further improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example 1
A biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass charcoal material, 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 19.8 parts of amino acid modified polyacrylamide and 0.2 part of fulvic acid chelated iron;
the preparation method of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass charcoal material comprises the following steps:
drying and crushing waste lotus leaf stalks and waste crop straws to obtain waste powder; pouring 10g of waste powder, 80mL of deionized water and 15mL of mixed acid formed by nitric acid and phytic acid into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 6h at 120 ℃, naturally cooling after the reaction is finished, and filtering to obtain a sticky substance; the resulting dope was ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water together with 1.52g of thiourea, and 4mL of 0.025g.mL was added thereto -1 Oxidizing graphite dispersion liquid to obtain a uniform mixed sample, drying the obtained mixed sample at 120 ℃ for 8h, carbonizing the mixed sample at 850 ℃ under the protection of argon for 12h, cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving to obtain a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material;
the preparation of amino acid modified polyacrylamide comprises the following steps: adding distilled water into a reactor filled with a polyacrylamide solution to dilute the polyacrylamide solution, sequentially adding sodium carbonate and formaldehyde solution under the condition of stirring, heating the reaction mixed solution to 42 ℃, and continuously reacting for 2 hours at the temperature; adding a glycine solution into the mixed solution obtained in the step, continuously stirring and continuously carrying out heat preservation reaction for 4 hours; and dropwise adding the reaction solution into an acetone solution, precipitating and purifying for 3 times, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a light yellow amino acid modified polyacrylamide product.
The desulfurization gypsum used in the embodiment is an industrial byproduct generated by flue gas desulfurization of coal-fired thermal power plants and steel-making enterprises by a limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization process, the main component of the desulfurization gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, the content of the calcium sulfate dihydrate is more than or equal to 93 percent, and the heavy metal content of a desulfurization gypsum sample needs to be measured before application, so that the desulfurization gypsum meets the national agricultural standard.
The fulvic acid chelated iron used in this example is commercially available, wherein, a mixture of natural aromatic carboxylic acids extracted from peat, lignite or weathered coal by Fulvic Acid (FA) contains a large number of active functional groups, including carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinonyl, enol, methoxyl, etc., and can form coordinate bonds with metal cations with more than two valences, i.e., form complexes or chelates, which is beneficial for plants to absorb and utilize various beneficial elements, thereby improving the utilization rate of nutrients. The fulvic acid and divalent iron element are chelated to form fulvic acid chelated iron, so that the synthesis of chlorophyll in a plant body can be effectively promoted, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient elements by the plant can be improved.
The preparation method of the biochar-based soil conditioner for the coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: weighing and mixing the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, the desulfurized gypsum and the fulvic acid chelated iron according to the formula to obtain a mixed material, then dissolving the amino acid modified polyacrylamide in water, uniformly spraying the mixed material, uniformly mixing, granulating and drying to obtain the biochar-based soil conditioner.
Example 2
A biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64 parts of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, 18 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 15.9 parts of amino acid modified polyacrylamide and 0.1 part of fulvic acid chelated iron; the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
A biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68 parts of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, 22 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 17.7 parts of amino acid modified polyacrylamide and 0.3 part of fulvic acid chelated iron; the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 4
A biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, 25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 22.5 parts of amino acid modified polyacrylamide and 0.5 part of fulvic acid chelated iron; the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 5
A biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass charcoal material, 15 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 7.7 parts of amino acid modified polyacrylamide and 0.3 part of fulvic acid chelated iron; the rest is the same as example 2.
1. Test materials and methods
The test area is located in coastal saline-alkali soil of a test base of a rural high-rise area innovation center of east-to-Nutrition City of Shandong province, the content of soil salt is 0.9-1.1%, and the volume weight is 1.56g/cm 3 . The test consisted of 2 treatments, normal fertilization + biochar-based soil conditioner treatment (prepared from example 1), 4 replicates, each cell area 40m 2 And uniformly throwing the charcoal-based modifier on the surface layer of the soil before sowing, and ploughing to the soil layer of 0-20cm. The oil sunflower variety is transported 5562 by a transport method, 40kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied to each mu of land, the row spacing of the oil sunflower is 60cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the oil sunflower is sowed in 2022 years in 6 and 26 days, and the oil sunflower is harvested in 9 and 30 days.
2. Influence of charcoal-based soil conditioner on basic physicochemical properties of coastal saline-alkali soil
After the oil sunflower is harvested, soil and plant samples of different treatment districts are collected for determination and analysis, and the basic soil physicochemical properties such as soil moisture, soil salinity, pH, soil volume weight, soil porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, compactness and the like are determined. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 influence of biochar-based amendment on soil water salt content
TABLE 2 impact of biochar-based amendment on physical properties of soil
The results in table 1 show that the biochar-based soil conditioner has an obvious effect of improving the physicochemical properties (soil water content, pH and salinity) of the coastal saline-alkali soil, particularly reduces the salinity and pH of the plough layer soil, and compared with the control group, the soil of 0-20cm soil has 30% lower salinity and 0.21% lower pH.
The results in table 2 show that after the biochar-based soil conditioner is added, the physical properties of soil are effectively improved, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the total porosity of the soil is 1.15 times that of the soil treated by a control group, the compactness of the soil is reduced by 26%, the aeration and water retention performances of the severe saline-alkali soil are remarkably enhanced, the field water retention of the soil layer of 0-20cm is increased by 20.1%, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil is increased to 1.8mm/h, and the downward leaching of salt is facilitated.
3. Influence of charcoal-based soil conditioner on growth condition of oil sunflower
The emergence rates of different treatment communities are investigated 10 days after the oil sunflower is sowed (7 months and 6 days in 2022), 5 plants are randomly selected in the maturation period of the oil sunflower to measure the plant height, the stem thickness and the leaf area, and overground part and underground part plant samples are collected to carry out biological quantity measurement. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of biochar-based modifier on the growth status of oil sunflower
The results in table 3 show that, compared with the control group, the biochar-based modifier has a good effect of improving the growth of the crops in the growth period of the oil sunflower, the emergence rate can reach 89% after the conditioner is added, and the plant height and stem thickness are respectively 1.2 times and 1.22 times of those of the control group. And the leaf biomass, the stem biomass and the root biomass of the overground part are respectively increased by 10.2 percent, 25 percent and 15.1 percent, so that the saline-alkali resistance of the oil sunflower is effectively improved, the growth and development of the oil sunflower in the growth period are remarkably promoted, and the accumulation of the dry matter quantity of the oil sunflower is promoted.
4. Influence of charcoal-based soil conditioner on yield of oil sunflower
During harvesting, 5 sunflower heads are randomly taken from the middle row of each cell, the diameter of each sunflower head, the thickness of each sunflower head, the mass of each sunflower head, the grain weight of each sunflower head, the real number of each sunflower head, the number of empty shells and the weight of each hundred grains are measured, the setting rate is calculated, and the yield per mu of the oil sunflower is converted. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of charcoal-based modifier on oil sunflower yield
The results in table 4 show that compared with the control group, the biochar-based modifier improves the quality of the sunflower heads, the weight and the diameter of the sunflower heads are respectively 1.16 times and 1.25 times of those of the control group, the weight of a single-disc seed is increased by 24%, the quality of the sunflower seed is effectively improved, the setting rate reaches 91%, the weight of a hundred grains reaches 5.23g, the yield of the sunflower heads per mu reaches 198.42kg after the conditioner is added, the yield is increased by 23.1%, and the biochar-based modifier has good economic benefits.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A charcoal-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 7-25 parts of amino acid modified polyacrylamide and 0.1-0.5 part of fulvic acid chelated iron.
2. The biochar-based soil conditioner for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biochar material is prepared by the following steps: (1) Drying and crushing the waste straws to obtain waste powder; (2) Pouring the dried and crushed waste residue powder, deionized water, mixed acid formed by nitric acid and phytic acid into the inner liner of a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and moving the reaction kettle into a drying box for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a sticky substance; (3) And ultrasonically dispersing the obtained sticky substance and thiourea in deionized water, drying, carbonizing, grinding and sieving to obtain the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material with the particle size of 120-560 microns.
3. The biochar-based soil conditioner for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of nitric acid to phytic acid in the mixed acid formed by the nitric acid and the phytic acid is 1-5: 2 to 5.
4. The biochar-based soil conditioner for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass volume ratio of the waste straw to the thiourea to the mixed acid is 15-25 g: 3-6 g:3 to 8ml.
5. The biochar-based soil conditioner for coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 2-6 h; the drying temperature is 100-125 ℃, and the drying time is 8-12 h; the carbonization is carried out in the protective gas atmosphere, the carbonization temperature is 750-900 ℃, and the carbonization time is 8-12 h.
6. The biochar-based soil conditioner for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation of the amino acid modified polyacrylamide comprises the following steps: diluting polyacrylamide with distilled water, adding sodium carbonate and formaldehyde into a polyacrylamide aqueous solution while stirring, heating to 40-45 ℃, and reacting for 2-4 hours while keeping the temperature; then adding a glycine solution, continuously stirring and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 2-4 h, adding the reaction solution into an acetone solution after the reaction is finished, precipitating and purifying, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the amino acid modified polyacrylamide.
7. The biochar-based soil conditioner for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide, the sodium carbonate and the formaldehyde is 1:1 to 1.4: 1-1.7, wherein the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 60000-80000, and the mass fraction of the polyacrylamide aqueous solution is 5-7%.
8. A preparation method of the biochar-based soil conditioner for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: mixing the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped modified biomass carbon material, the desulfurized gypsum and the fulvic acid chelated iron to obtain a mixed material, then dissolving the amino acid modified polyacrylamide in water, uniformly spraying the amino acid modified polyacrylamide on the mixed material, uniformly mixing, granulating and drying to obtain the biochar-based soil conditioner.
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