CN110590440A - Functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchard and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchard and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110590440A CN110590440A CN201910818679.8A CN201910818679A CN110590440A CN 110590440 A CN110590440 A CN 110590440A CN 201910818679 A CN201910818679 A CN 201910818679A CN 110590440 A CN110590440 A CN 110590440A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention provides a functional fertilizer for a saline-alkali soil orchard and a preparation method thereof, which relate to the field of fruit tree fertilizers and comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 40-50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 5-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2-4 parts of humic acid and 80-120 parts of modified bentonite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a functional fertilizer for a saline-alkali soil orchard and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops, and according to the incomplete statistics of the textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive.
In arid and semiarid regions in northeast, northwest and north China, the precipitation amount is small, the evaporation amount is large, and salt dissolved in water is easy to accumulate on the surface layer of soil. In summer, rainwater is concentrated, a large amount of soluble salt seeps to a lower layer or flows away along with water, namely a 'desalting' season, in spring, the water on the ground surface is evaporated strongly, and salt in underground water is gathered on the surface layer of soil along with rising of capillary water, namely a main 'salt return' season. The saline-alkali soil in northeast, northChina and semiarid regions has obvious seasons of 'desalting' and 'returning salt', while in northwest regions, the seasonal change of the soil salinity is not obvious due to little precipitation.
The method is characterized in that more than 9900 million hectares of saline-alkali soil exist in China, and the saline-alkali soil is one of effective ways for developing high-efficiency agriculture by fully utilizing the saline-alkali soil, and the influence of fertilizer and soil factors on the growth of fruit trees is particularly paid attention to when the fruit trees are planted due to the characteristics of the saline-alkali soil. If the care for the fruit trees is not in place, the fruit trees are easy to delay growth, increase diseases and even cause plant death due to overlarge salt, insufficient water, unbalanced nutrients and limited nutrient absorption function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a functional fertilizer for a saline-alkali soil orchard and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 40-50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 5-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2-4 parts of humic acid and 80-120 parts of modified bentonite.
Further, the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 40-50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 5-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2-4 parts of humic acid and 80-120 parts of modified bentonite.
Further, the microbial agent is any one or more of a bacillus licheniformis agent, a bacillus megaterium agent, a bacillus natto agent, a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, a bacillus thuringiensis agent, a clostridium butyricum agent, a bacillus mucilaginosus agent, a lactobacillus agent and a azotobacter chroococcum agent.
Further, the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 20-50min, heating to 60-80 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, continuing to stir for 5-10min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equivalent amount of vegetable oil, heating to 30-40 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 5-15min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with a certain mass concentration in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 20-30min after dropwise adding, removing an ice bath, then stirring for 1-5h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
Further, the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate is 1: 2-5.
Further, the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.1-1%.
Further, the preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 20-25%, heating to 50-60 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 1-5h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, drying, adding into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 1-5h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
Further, the mass concentration of the L-cysteine hydrochloride solution is 1-1.5%.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 50-60%, adding a microbial agent into 10-20 times of water, activating in a water bath at 30-40 ℃ for 1-2h, adding, and fermenting for 10-12 d;
(2) mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 50-60 deg.C for 10-15 hr;
(3) adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen;
(4) and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with high surface ratio and high fluidity are added into the functional fertilizer, so that the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer can be slowly released, the surfaces of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres are rich in active groups, and the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres have strong exchange capacity with salt groups in soil, so that the salt content of the soil can be reduced, and the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres also have certain viscosity, so that the nearby soil can be adhered to the periphery of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres to form small soil particles, so that the porosity of the soil is increased, and the permeability is improved; the modified bentonite can absorb water and expand, the proportion of solid, liquid and gas in the soil is changed, the soil structure is loosened, the effect of improving the physical properties of the soil is achieved, the water and fertilizer of the soil are preserved, the surface of the modified bentonite is rich in sulfydryl, nitrogen and potassium are fixed, the effect of fixing organic matters is improved, the loss of the fertilizer in the soil can be reduced, the release of nutrients in the fertilizer is controlled, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved; urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelate can provide inorganic nutrient components, fish meal and decomposed chicken manure can provide organic nutrient components, so that the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer is richer and more reasonable; the functional fertilizer prepared by the invention is particularly suitable for being used for fruit tree planting in a saline-alkali soil orchard, can improve the quality and yield of fruits, improve the economic benefit, improve the soil environment, improve the content of organic matters, reduce the salt content and effectively preserve water and fertilizer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a functional fertilizer.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
12 parts of urea, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 25 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1 part of microbial agent consisting of bacillus megaterium microbial agent and bacillus natto microbial agent, 8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 4 parts of humic acid and 100 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 40min, heating to 80 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate according to the mass ratio of 1:2, continuing to stir for 10min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 35 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 15min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 0.2% in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 30min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 3h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 25%, heating to 55 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 2h, filtering, washing water to be neutral, drying, adding the obtained product into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 5h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 55%, adding a microbial agent into 12 times of water, activating in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 1 hour, adding the microbial agent, and fermenting for 12 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 55 deg.C for 15 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Example 2:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 40-50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, 5-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2-4 parts of humic acid and 80-120 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 30min, heating to 60 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate according to the mass ratio of 1:2, continuing to stir for 5min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 30 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 8min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 0.5% in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 20min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 5h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into 22% hydrochloric acid, heating to 50 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 2h, filtering, washing water to be neutral, drying, adding into 1% L-cysteine hydrochloride solution, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 with sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 2h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 55%, adding a bacillus licheniformis agent into 10 times of water, activating in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 1 hour, adding, and fermenting for 10 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 50 deg.C for 12 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Example 3:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
14 parts of urea, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 28 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus microbial agent, 14 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2 parts of humic acid and 90 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 40min, heating to 80 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate according to the mass ratio of 1:3, continuing to stir for 10min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 35 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 12min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 0.2% in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 30min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 2h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into 22% hydrochloric acid, heating to 50 deg.C, soaking for 4h, filtering, washing with water to neutrality, oven drying, adding into 1% L-cysteine hydrochloride solution, adjusting system pH to 8-8.5 with sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 2h, filtering, washing with water to neutrality, and oven drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 50%, adding a bacillus mucilaginosus microbial inoculum into 15 times of water, activating in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 1 hour, adding the activated bacillus mucilaginosus microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 10 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C for 12 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Example 4:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of urea, 7 parts of diammonium phosphate, 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 22 parts of fish meal, 45 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 3 parts of a microbial agent consisting of a bacillus thuringiensis microbial agent and a clostridium butyricum microbial agent, 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 4 parts of humic acid and 110 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 350min, heating to 70 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate according to the mass ratio of 1:2, continuing to stir for 10min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 35 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 10min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 0.6% in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 30min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 2h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 25%, heating to 55 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 4 hours, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, drying, adding into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.2%, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 5 hours, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 50%, adding a microbial agent into 10 times of water, activating in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 1 hour, adding the microbial agent, and fermenting for 10 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C for 10 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Example 5:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of urea, 5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 20 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1 part of bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial agent, 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2 parts of humic acid and 80 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 20min, heating to 60 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate according to the mass ratio of 1:2, continuing to stir for 5min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 30 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 5min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 0.1% in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 20min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 1h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 20%, heating to 50 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 1h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, drying, adding into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution with the mass concentration of 1%, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 1h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 50%, adding a bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial inoculum into 10 times of water, activating in a water bath at 30 ℃ for 1 hour, adding, and fermenting for 10 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 50 deg.C for 10 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Example 6:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of urea, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 30 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 3 parts of azotobacter chroococcum agent, 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 4 parts of humic acid and 120 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 50min, heating to 80 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding the alkyl glycoside and the alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate in a mass ratio of 1:5, continuing to stir for 10min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 40 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 15min, dropwise adding 1% hydrochloric acid in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 30min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 5h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to neutrality, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 25%, heating to 60 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 5 hours, filtering, washing water to be neutral, drying, adding the obtained product into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 5 hours, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 60%, adding the azotobacter chroococcum preparation into 20 times of water, activating in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 2 hours, adding the activated azotobacter chroococcum preparation, and fermenting for 12 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C for 15 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Example 7:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of urea, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 30 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 3 parts of lactobacillus microbial inoculum, 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 4 parts of humic acid and 80 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 50min, heating to 60 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding the alkyl glycoside and the alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate in a mass ratio of 1:5, continuing to stir for 5min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 40 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 5min, dropwise adding 1% hydrochloric acid in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 20min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 5h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to neutrality, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 20%, heating to 60 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 1h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, drying, adding into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 1h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 60%, adding a lactobacillus microbial inoculum into 10 times of water, activating in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 1 hour, adding, and fermenting for 12 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 50 deg.C for 15 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Example 8:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of urea, 5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 20 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2 parts of humic acid and 120 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 20min, heating to 80 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate according to the mass ratio of 1:2, continuing to stir for 10min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 30 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 15min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 0.1% in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 30min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 1h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 25%, heating to 50 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 5 hours, filtering, washing water to be neutral, drying, adding the obtained product into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution with the mass concentration of 1%, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 5 hours, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 50%, adding a microbial agent into 20 times of water, activating in a water bath at 30 ℃ for 2 hours, adding the microbial agent, and fermenting for 10 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C for 10 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Comparative example 1:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
12 parts of urea, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 25 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1 part of microbial agent consisting of bacillus megaterium microbial agent and bacillus natto microbial agent, 4 parts of humic acid and 100 parts of modified bentonite.
The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 25%, heating to 55 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 2h, filtering, washing water to be neutral, drying, adding the obtained product into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 5h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 55%, adding a microbial agent into 12 times of water, activating in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 1 hour, adding the microbial agent, and fermenting for 12 days; mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 55 deg.C for 15 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a sieve with 80-100 meshes; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Comparative example 1 is essentially the same as example 1 except that no polyvinyl alcohol microspheres were added.
Comparative example 2:
a functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil orchards comprises the following components in parts by weight:
12 parts of urea, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 25 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1 part of microbial agent consisting of bacillus megaterium microbial agent and bacillus natto microbial agent, 8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 4 parts of humic acid and 100 parts of bentonite.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 40min, heating to 80 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate according to the mass ratio of 1:2, continuing to stir for 10min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equal amount of vegetable oil, heating to 35 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 15min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 0.2% in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 30min after dropwise adding, removing the ice bath, then stirring for 3h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
The preparation method of the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 55%, adding a microbial agent into 12 times of water, activating in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 1 hour, adding the microbial agent, and fermenting for 12 days; mixing the fermented product with bentonite, and vacuum drying at 55 deg.C for 15 hr; adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen; and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same as example 2 except that bentonite is added directly without modification.
Planting test:
table 1 below shows the physicochemical properties of the soil tested:
table 1:
| soil depth/cm | Organic matter/% | Active state N/(mg/L) | Quick-acting P/(mg/L) | Quick-acting K/(mg/L) | Content of salt/%) |
| 0-20 | 1.12 | 25.6 | 19.4 | 145.5 | 0.97 |
| 20-40 | 0.94 | 33.8 | 6.6 | 90.2 | 1.44 |
| 40-60 | 0.85 | 60.3 | 5.2 | 56.1 | 1.83 |
Selecting apple trees with consistent tree vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests, taking 30 apple trees as one group, taking 6 groups in total, respectively marking as an experimental group 1, an experimental group 2, an experimental group 3, a control group 1, a control group 2 and a control group 3, respectively applying the fertilizers (brand: bacterial probiotics) special for the apple trees in the embodiments 1-3, the comparative examples 1-2 and the commercial fertilizers, applying according to a general fertilization mode, and recording related data, wherein the results are shown in the following table 2:
table 2:
| experimental group 1 | Experimental group 2 | Experimental group 3 | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Control group 3 | |
| Weight of individual fruit/g | 505 | 510 | 508 | 428 | 414 | 322 |
| Total yield/kg | 2508 | 2483 | 2490 | 1667 | 1584 | 1206 |
Table 3 below is the physicochemical properties of the soil tested after harvesting:
table 3:
| soil depth/cm | Organic matter/% | Active state N/(mg/L) | Quick-acting P/(mg/L) | Quick-acting K/(mg/L) | Content of salt/%) |
| 0-20 | 6.55 | 108.9 | 168.4 | 280.3 | 0.23 |
| 20-40 | 5.30 | 186.1 | 126.5 | 194.6 | 0.64 |
| 40-60 | 2.26 | 60.5 | 80.7 | 70.3 | 0.77 |
From the above tables 1, 2 and 3, the functional fertilizer disclosed by the invention can improve the quality and yield of apples, increase economic benefits, improve the soil environment, increase the content of organic matters, reduce the salt content and effectively retain water and fertilizer.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 40-50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 5-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2-4 parts of humic acid and 80-120 parts of modified bentonite.
2. The functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 40-50 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 5-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 2-4 parts of humic acid and 80-120 parts of modified bentonite.
3. The functional fertilizer for the orchard in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is any one or more of a bacillus licheniformis agent, a bacillus megaterium agent, a bacillus natto agent, a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, a bacillus thuringiensis agent, a clostridium butyricum agent, a bacillus mucilaginosus agent, a lactobacillus agent and a azotobacter chroococcum agent.
4. The functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres comprises the following steps:
adding polyvinyl alcohol particles into water, stirring at room temperature for 20-50min, heating to 60-80 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol particles, adding alkyl glycoside and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, continuing to stir for 5-10min, then recovering to the room temperature, mixing with an equivalent amount of vegetable oil, heating to 30-40 ℃, stirring to obtain an emulsion, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 5-15min, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with a certain mass concentration in an ice bath, continuing to stir for 20-30min after dropwise adding, removing an ice bath, then stirring for 1-5h, centrifuging, collecting precipitates, washing with acetone, washing with water to be neutral, and drying at low temperature.
5. The functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchards as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate is 1: 2-5.
6. The functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchards as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.1-1%.
7. The functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified bentonite is as follows:
adding calcium bentonite into hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 20-25%, heating to 50-60 ℃, carrying out dipping treatment for 1-5h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, drying, adding into an L-cysteine hydrochloride solution, adjusting the pH of the system to 8-8.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to reflux reaction for 1-5h, filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying.
8. The functional fertilizer for the orchard in the saline-alkali soil as described in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the L-cysteine hydrochloride solution is 1-1.5%.
9. The method for preparing the functional fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil orchard, which is described in any one of claims 1 to 8, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing fish meal and decomposed chicken manure, adding water until the water content is 50-60%, adding a microbial agent into 10-20 times of water, activating in a water bath at 30-40 ℃ for 1-2h, adding, and fermenting for 10-12 d;
(2) mixing the fermented product with modified bentonite, and vacuum drying at 50-60 deg.C for 10-15 hr;
(3) adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres and humic acid, and then feeding into a pulverizer to pulverize until passing through a 80-100 mesh screen;
(4) and (4) feeding the crushed materials into a granulator, extruding the crushed materials into fertilizer granules, and subpackaging the fertilizer granules.
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| CN114540244A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-27 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Growth-promoting bacteria and microbial fertilizer for promoting growth of Chinese fir |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114540244A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-27 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Growth-promoting bacteria and microbial fertilizer for promoting growth of Chinese fir |
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