CN110583417A - Pecan woodland ecological landscape building method based on rock wool material - Google Patents
Pecan woodland ecological landscape building method based on rock wool material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583417A CN110583417A CN201910862224.6A CN201910862224A CN110583417A CN 110583417 A CN110583417 A CN 110583417A CN 201910862224 A CN201910862224 A CN 201910862224A CN 110583417 A CN110583417 A CN 110583417A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/18—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing inorganic fibres, e.g. mineral wool
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hickory woodland ecological landscape building method based on rock wool materials, which comprises the following steps: selecting a hickory forest land to be treated, and digging a groove at the upstream of each hickory tree; filling the groove to form a water collecting slow release wall, wherein a water filtering layer, a rock wool layer and an improved layer are sequentially formed on the water collecting slow release wall from bottom to top; seeds of landscape plants are sown on the soil surface of the whole hickory land to build the ecological landscape. According to the method, firstly, rock wool materials and a reasonably arranged soil water-collecting slow-release wall are utilized in a rainfall period, so that the rainwater absorption and collection capacity of the hickory forest land is improved; and in a dry period in sunny weather, the rock wool material is used for slowly releasing water, so that the root system of the hickory and the seeds of the landscape plants can fully absorb water to promote the self-stretching, thus not only realizing the construction of ecological landscape, but also promoting the growth of the hickory and the landscape plants and improving the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mountain ecological soil improvement, in particular to a hickory woodland ecological landscape building method based on rock wool materials.
Background
Water resources in China are affected by geographical environment and seasonal rainfall, and the change of the water content of soil is large. The problems of water source supply, especially in areas with less rainwater, are usually represented by large land slope in mountainous and hilly areas, which causes water and soil loss, unbalanced distribution of rainfall in south and north, seasonal rainfall and the like, and the development process of agriculture, forestry and economy is limited because of the consumption of more manpower, material resources and financial resources for water irrigation.
In the aspect of ecological landscape construction, urban landscaping in arid and semiarid regions is often an extraction method of 'constructing south of the Yangtze river gardens and simulating water-country landscape'. However, due to the restriction of water resources, not only investment is large and maintenance cost is high, but also the built landscape does not necessarily really realize the vision of the south of the Seebic Seisakusho.
Therefore, the method improves and creates a good land environment to improve the selectivity of landscape plants, carries out ecological landscape construction in arid and semi-arid regions, cities and dry seasons and low rain environments, and is important for improving the ecological environment of scenic regions and urban environment construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hickory forest land ecological landscape building method based on rock wool materials, which can solve the problems of high difficulty, long-term effectiveness and poor continuity of building the ecological landscape in a hickory forest land with low soil water content and realize the building of the ecological landscape of the hickory forest land; but also can improve the soil water content of the hickory forest land and promote the growth of the hickory trees and landscape plants in the forest land.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a hickory woodland ecological landscape building method based on rock wool materials comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a hickory forest land to be treated, and digging a groove with the depth of 25-35 cm at a position 80-120 cm upstream of each hickory tree;
(2) filling the groove to form a water collecting slow release wall, wherein a water filtering layer, a rock wool layer and an improved layer are sequentially formed on the water collecting slow release wall from bottom to top;
the water filtering layer is formed by paving crushed stones and soil which are selected from the hickory forest land and have the mass ratio of 1:2 after mixing; the rock wool layer is formed by laying strip rock wool; the improved layer is formed by paving crushed stones and soil which are selected from the hickory forest land and have the mass ratio of 1:3 after mixing; the thickness ratio of the water filtering layer, the rock wool layer and the improved layer is as follows: 1:3: 1-3;
(3) seeds of landscape plants are sown on the soil surface of the whole hickory land to build the ecological landscape.
The innovation of the invention is that: firstly, in a rainfall period, rock wool materials and reasonably arranged soil water-collecting slow-release walls, namely a water-filtering layer, a rock wool layer and an improvement layer are utilized to improve the rainwater absorption and collection capacity of the hickory forest land; and secondly, in a dry period in a clear weather, the rock wool material is used for slowly releasing water, so that the root system of the hickory and the landscape plant seeds can fully absorb water to promote the self-stretching, the construction of the ecological landscape is realized, the growth of the hickory and the landscape plant is promoted, and the economic benefit is improved.
The water filtering layer in the water collecting slow release wall plays a role in reducing water loss below the water filtering layer; the rock wool layer has the functions of absorbing and retaining water, reducing water loss, blocking water evaporation and serving as a water source to supply water to plants under a drought condition; the improvement layer is used for improving soil quality, reducing water evaporation, preventing hardening and improving the survival rate of plants.
Further, in the step (1), the slope gradient of the hickory forest land is more than 60 degrees, the soil depth is 40-45 cm, and the soil moisture content is less than 15%. Experiments show that if the rainfall capacity of the hickory forest land area is large and the water content of the soil is high, the problem of difficulty in building ecological landscapes does not exist, the water content of the hickory forest land cannot be obviously improved even by adopting the method of the water collecting and slow releasing wall designed in the invention, and no obvious effect is exerted on the growth of hickory trees, so that the method is suitable for the hickory forest land which has a certain gradient, the soil depth is only within 50cm, and the water content is low.
Preferably, in the step (2), the particle size of the crushed stone in the water-filtering layer and the modified layer is 0.5-2 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the length of the groove is 120-180 cm, and the width of the groove is 12-18 cm; the thickness of the water filtering layer is 4-6 cm; the thickness of the rock wool layer is 4-6 cm, the length of the rock wool layer is 140-160 cm, and the width of the rock wool layer is 14-16 cm; the thickness of the modified layer is 4-16 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the thickness ratio of the water filtering layer, the rock wool layer and the modified layer is as follows: 1:3:1.
Preferably, the distance between the top of the rock wool layer and the surface layer of the soil is 4-6 cm.
Further, in the step (3), the landscape plant seeds are at least one of clover seeds and rape seeds. Furthermore, the seeding rate of the seeding is 15-25 g/m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method, firstly, rock wool materials and a reasonably arranged soil water-collecting slow-release wall are utilized in a rainfall period, so that the rainwater absorption and collection capacity of the hickory forest land is improved; and in a dry period in sunny weather, the rock wool material is used for slowly releasing water, so that the root system of the hickory and the seeds of the landscape plants can fully absorb water to promote the self-stretching, thus not only realizing the construction of ecological landscape, but also promoting the growth of the hickory and the landscape plants and improving the economic benefit.
(2) The method adopts rock wool materials, is closer to natural ecology and does not produce secondary pollution; meanwhile, the rock wool is stable in material, and the plant root system can penetrate into the rock wool and is not easy to disintegrate; and the rock wool can fix soil nutrients, has a loose structure and good porosity, and plays a good role in water and soil conservation and recycling.
(3) The water content of the soil around the water collecting slow release wall and the water content of the soil without the water collecting slow release wall are consistent in change during rainfall, and under the condition of continuous rainfall, the water content of the soil with the water collecting slow release wall is almost the same as that of the soil without the water collecting slow release wall. The water-collecting slow-release wall can block the water evaporation of soil under the sunny and arid conditions, and meanwhile absorbed water can be continuously released and supplemented to the soil nearby the periphery, so that the water content of the soil can be improved by continuously supplying water, and the stable growth of plants can be ensured.
(4) The method can build ecological agriculture and forestry landscape, improve the water content of the soil and serve as a carrier, reduce the utilization of land and water and soil loss, greatly reduce the utilization of water resources, bury the target rock wool into the soil in a pattern or character shape, broadcast seeds, reduce the water resource waste and later manual design and maintenance, have better tourism development prospect and economic benefit, and are suitable for popularization and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the water collecting and slowly releasing walls at different positions on the biomass of rape in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the water-collecting slow-release wall at different positions on the coverage rate of rape in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the water content of the soil in the section near the catchment and release wall and the water content of the soil treated with CK in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the water content of soil in the horizontal direction near the water collecting/releasing wall and the water content of soil treated with CK in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, which are only illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
1. Test site:
the pecan forest land with the slope of more than 60 degrees is selected for testing, and the area has less rainfall in autumn and winter, poor water retention of the mountain land and difficult artificial irrigation. In the early stage of the test, the effective soil depth of the area is determined, the soil texture of the area is more than that of loose stones, a hoe is adopted to carry out excavation determination on a plurality of places, and the result shows that the soil depth of the hickory forest area is about 40cm-45 cm.
2. And (3) test treatment:
digging a groove with the depth of 25-35 cm at a position 100cm upstream of each hickory in a hickory forest land, wherein the length of the groove is 160cm, and the width of the groove is 16 cm; filling the groove to form a water collecting slow release wall, wherein a water filtering layer, a rock wool layer and an improved layer are sequentially formed on the water collecting slow release wall from bottom to top;
the water filtering layer is formed by paving crushed stones with the grain diameter of 0.5-2cm selected from the hickory forest land and hickory forest land soil after mixing, and the mass ratio of the crushed stones to the hickory forest land soil is 1: 2; the rock wool layer is formed by paving strip rock wool, the improvement layer is formed by paving crushed stones with the grain size of 0.5-2cm selected from the hickory forest land and soil after mixing, and the mass ratio of the crushed stones to the hickory forest land soil is 1: 3.
Selecting four regions with consistent growth states of the hickory trees from the hickory forest land, setting three different treatments according to the thicknesses of the water filtering layer, the rock wool layer and the improved layer, and taking the treatment without digging grooves as comparison treatment. The method comprises the following specific steps:
CK: blank control, the same as treatment 2 except that no grooves were cut.
Treatment 1: the groove with the above specification is dug, the thickness of the water filtering layer is 5cm, the thickness of the rock wool layer is 15cm, the width of the rock wool layer is 15cm, the length of the rock wool layer is 150cm, and the thickness of the improved layer is 5cm, namely: the distance between the top of the rock wool layer and the soil surface is 5 cm.
And (3) treatment 2: the groove with the specification is dug, the thickness of the water filtering layer is 5cm, the thickness of the rock wool layer is 15cm, the width of the rock wool layer is 15cm, the length of the rock wool layer is 150cm, and the thickness of the improved layer is 10cm, namely: the distance between the top of the rock wool layer and the soil surface is 10 cm.
And (3) treatment: the groove with the above specification is dug, the thickness of the water filtering layer is 5cm, the thickness of the rock wool layer is 15cm, the thickness of the improved layer is 15cm, the width is 15cm, and the length is 150cm, namely: the distance between the top of the rock wool layer and the soil surface is 15 cm.
After the sample plot arrangement is finished, manually sowing rape seeds as indicator plants, wherein the standard is 15-25 g/m, and the sowing range is the whole forest land. Compound fertilizers are commonly applied once during the early growth (spring).
3. Index measurement:
3.1 agronomic traits of oilseed rape
(1) Fresh weight of rape: in the bud and tongue stage, the rape plants in the 1-3 areas are collected and processed, root soil is removed, an electronic scale is used for weighing, 4 plants are collected in each processing, meanwhile, the rape plants in the CK processing area are collected as blank control, biomass is weighed and calculated, and the result is shown in figure 1.
(2) The growth range is as follows: in the bud stage, the length is multiplied by the width: the rectangular area of 2m multiplied by 1m is divided, the growth coverage rate of the rapes of different treatments is calculated, four repetitions are determined, and the result is shown in figure 2.
3.2 soil moisture content
(1) Vertical direction: vertically digging a soil section at a position 5cm away from the water collecting and slow releasing wall in the area of the treatment 1, and measuring the soil moisture content at the positions 10cm, 20cm and 30cm of the section by adopting a portable TDR moisture meter; and the corresponding soil moisture content was measured at the same position height of the CK treated area as a control, and the results are shown in fig. 3.
(2) Horizontal direction: digging sections at the positions 10cm, 20cm and 30cm away from the water collecting slow release wall in the area of the treatment 1, and measuring the water content of the soil at the section of 10 cm; and the corresponding soil moisture content was measured at the same position height of the CK treated area as a control, and the results are shown in fig. 4.
4. Conclusion
As shown in figure 1, the biomass of the rape is obviously improved after the water-collecting slow-release wall is added, wherein the treatment effect of the treatment 1 is the best.
As shown in figure 2, the coverage rate of rape with the water-collecting slow-release walls is greatly improved, the coverage rate of rape flowers treated by the three water-collecting slow-release walls is improved by more than 10 times, wherein the treatment effect of 1 is the best and is 17 times of the coverage rate of CK, and the water-collecting slow-release walls are shown to provide better growth conditions for rape.
As shown in figure 3, compared with CK, the water content of the soil of the treated forest land containing the water-collecting slow-release wall is obviously improved at the sections of 10cm, 20cm and 30 cm.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the treated forest land containing the water collecting and slowly releasing wall has a section of 10cm, the soil water content at the positions 10cm, 20cm and 30cm away from the water collecting and slowly releasing wall is obviously improved compared with CK, the soil water content at the positions 10cm and 20cm away from the water collecting and slowly releasing wall is obviously improved, and the soil water content at the position 30cm away from the water collecting and slowly releasing wall has no obvious effect.
Example 2
This example is the same as the method of treatment 1 except that clover is used as the indicator plant, and the same CK treatment is set. Clovers are sensitive to moisture conditions and grow slowly or even die in drought conditions. Experiments show that the clovers can not grow normally in the CK treatment area, and the clovers can grow normally in the treatment 1 area.
Claims (8)
1. A hickory woodland ecological landscape building method based on rock wool materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a hickory forest land to be treated, and digging a groove with the depth of 25-35 cm at a position 80-120 cm upstream of each hickory tree;
(2) filling the groove to form a water collecting slow release wall, wherein a water filtering layer, a rock wool layer and an improved layer are sequentially formed on the water collecting slow release wall from bottom to top;
the water filtering layer is formed by paving crushed stones and soil which are selected from the hickory forest land and have the mass ratio of 1:2 after mixing; the rock wool layer is formed by laying strip rock wool; the improved layer is formed by paving crushed stones and soil which are selected from the hickory forest land and have the mass ratio of 1:3 after mixing; the thickness ratio of the water filtering layer, the rock wool layer and the improved layer is as follows: 1:3: 1-3;
(3) seeds of landscape plants are sown on the soil surface of the whole hickory land to build the ecological landscape.
2. The pecan forest land ecological landscape construction method based on the rock wool material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the slope gradient of the pecan forest land is greater than 60 degrees, the soil depth is 40-45 cm, and the soil moisture content is less than 15%.
3. The method for building the pecan forest land ecological landscape based on the rock wool material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the particle size of the crushed stones in the water filtering layer and the improving layer is 0.5-2 cm.
4. The pecan forest land ecological landscape construction method based on rock wool materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the length of the groove is 120-180 cm, and the width is 12-18 cm; the thickness of the water filtering layer is 4-6 cm; the thickness of the rock wool layer is 4-6 cm, the length of the rock wool layer is 140-160 cm, and the width of the rock wool layer is 14-16 cm; the thickness of the modified layer is 4-16 cm.
5. The method for building the pecan forest land ecological landscape based on the rock wool material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the thickness ratio of the water filtering layer, the rock wool layer and the improved layer is as follows: 1:3:1.
6. The method for building the pecan forest land ecological landscape based on the rock wool material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance from the top of the rock wool layer to the surface layer of the soil is 4-6 cm.
7. The method for building the pecan forest land ecological landscape based on the rock wool material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the seeds of the landscape plant are at least one of clover seeds and rape seeds.
8. The method for building the pecan forest land ecological landscape based on the rock wool material as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the sowing amount of the sowing is 15-25 g/m.
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