CN110553715A - Optical fiber array type sound wave signal acquisition device based on laser interference - Google Patents
Optical fiber array type sound wave signal acquisition device based on laser interference Download PDFInfo
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- CN110553715A CN110553715A CN201910857667.6A CN201910857667A CN110553715A CN 110553715 A CN110553715 A CN 110553715A CN 201910857667 A CN201910857667 A CN 201910857667A CN 110553715 A CN110553715 A CN 110553715A
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
Abstract
The invention provides an optical fiber array type sound wave signal acquisition device based on laser interference, which comprises the following contents: the laser emitted by the laser is divided into N paths after passing through the optical fiber coupler, wherein N-1 paths enter the optical fiber loop device, and finally 1 path is divided into N-1 paths after frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter and enters the 2 x 1 optical fiber coupler. The laser after passing through the optical fiber circulator enters the array type optical fiber acoustic sensor, and the vibration film at the front end of the sensor can change the frequency and the phase of the laser signal under the action of an external acoustic signal and reflect the laser signal back to the optical fiber circulator and then enter the 2 x 1 optical fiber coupler. Two beams of laser entering the 2X 1 optical fiber coupler are interfered, and are collected and processed by the signal collecting unit after photoelectric conversion, so that acoustic signals detected by the array type optical fiber acoustic sensor can be obtained. The invention has strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability and high sensitivity, has the function of positioning acoustic signals in a three-dimensional space, and has wide application prospect in the fields of medicine, ocean detection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber array type sound wave signal acquisition device based on laser interference, in particular to a device capable of acquiring high-sensitivity pressure signal acquisition and three-dimensional space sound wave signal detection capability when an optical fiber array type sound sensitive sensor is used based on a laser interference principle.
Background
The acoustic wave detection technology is a technology for knowing the internal structure of a medium by detecting information carried by echoes reflected by acoustic waves in the medium, and is widely applied to the fields of ocean exploration, biomedicine, aerospace and the like due to the nondestructive detection capability. The key device of the sound wave detection technology is a sound sensitive sensor, so far, the traditional sound sensitive sensor generally adopts piezoelectric materials to collect vibration information caused by sound waves, and has the defects of low sensitivity, narrow bandwidth and the like. The optical fiber acoustic sensor is a sound sensor made of optical fibers, has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, small volume and the like, is a novel sound sensor developed in recent years, and can be divided into three types of sound sensors, namely an intensity modulation type, an optical fiber grating type and an interference type according to different optical fiber acoustic sensors of the principle. The intensity modulation type optical fiber acoustic sensor realizes sensing by acquiring the light intensity change obtained by the optical fiber on the sensor, the response of the frequency band of the sensor is wide, the sensitivity is high, but the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the sensor is easily influenced by various factors. The fiber bragg grating acoustic sensor detects the drift of the central wavelength through the fiber bragg grating to demodulate a signal to be detected, has great advantages in the aspects of stability and large-scale networking, but cannot detect the strain generated in the radial direction of the optical fiber, so that the application of the fiber bragg grating acoustic sensor in certain occasions is limited. The interferometric optical fiber acoustic sensor measures characteristics such as frequency and amplitude of an acoustic signal by interference between light beams, and has attracted attention of researchers due to its extremely high sensitivity. The traditional interference type acoustic sensor has no space detection capability, so that the application of the traditional interference type acoustic sensor is greatly limited. In order to overcome the defect, the invention provides the acoustic sensor arranged in the optical fiber array type based on the laser interference effect, and the result shows that the novel optical fiber acoustic sensor not only has high sensitivity, but also has the three-dimensional space acoustic detection capability.
disclosure of Invention
the invention mainly solves the problem of providing an optical fiber array type sound wave signal acquisition device with three-dimensional space sound wave detection capability, which adopts optical fiber array type arrangement and forms a pressure sensitive structure by coating a film on the end surface of an array type optical fiber, the thickness of a vibration film changes along with the change of the external sound pressure, so that a reflected signal changes, and high measurement precision can be obtained. The optical fiber array arrangement can enable the sound wave probe to obtain three-dimensional space sound wave detection capability.
In order to solve the three-dimensional space acoustic wave detection problem of the optical fiber array sensor, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: there is provided a fiber array sensing system comprising: the device comprises a continuous laser module, a 1 XN optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber circulator, an array type optical fiber acoustic sensor, an acousto-optic frequency shifter module, a 2X 1 optical fiber coupler, a photoelectric conversion module, an amplifier module, a signal acquisition unit and a signal processing unit. The laser emitted by the continuous laser enters through the first port of the first 1 xN optical fiber coupler, is output to the acousto-optic frequency shifter module from the second port of the 1 xN optical fiber coupler, and then enters into the plurality of 2 x 1 optical fiber couplers through the second 1 xN optical fiber coupler. Light output from other ports of the first 1 XN optical fiber coupler enters the N-1 optical fiber circulators and is output to the optical fiber array acoustic sensor from the second ports of the optical fiber circulators. The front end of the optical fiber array acoustic sensor consists of a layer of light-transmitting film and a layer of high-reflection film, and laser enters the second port of the optical fiber circulator again after being reflected by the high-reflection film. When sound waves are transmitted to the optical fiber array acoustic sensor, the metal film can vibrate, so that the frequency and the phase of signals carried by laser are changed, and further, laser signals reflected to the optical fiber circulator are changed. Laser carrying sound wave information enters from the second port of the optical fiber circulator, is output from the third port to the 2 x 1 optical fiber coupler and then enters the photoelectric conversion module. The electric signal output by the photoelectric conversion module is amplified by the amplifier and then transmitted to the signal acquisition unit and then to the signal processing unit, so that the demodulation of the sound signal and the restoration of the sound wave in three-dimensional space information can be completed.
The core of the optical fiber array acoustic sensor system is an acoustic sensor consisting of an optical fiber array, the sensor consists of a layer of light-transmitting film and a layer of high-reflection film array plated on the end face, a laser vibration cavity is formed by two layers of film structures, the cavity length of the vibration cavity can be changed when sound is transmitted to the vibration cavity, the reflection of the frequency and the phase of a laser signal in the vibration cavity can be changed along with the change of the frequency and the phase of the laser signal, the information of the reflected light of the sensor can be obtained by measuring and demodulating the frequency and the phase information of interference light, and further the measurement of sound pressure is realized by calculation.
Preferably, organic molecules with the thickness of 5-20 mu m are selected as a light transmission film, a metal film with the thickness of 50-100nm is selected as a reflection film, the light transmission film is manufactured by adopting a vapor deposition method, and the reflectivity is more than 80%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through designing the laser interference cavity that the optic fibre front end constitutes for reflectance coating and printing opacity membrane, can reach very high precision to the measurement of acoustic pressure, the distribution of optic fibre array can make the sensor obtain the interior sound wave position detection ability of three-dimensional space, and then obtains that the interference killing feature is strong, high sensitivity and can carry out the sensor that sound wave space detected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic light path diagram of an optical fiber array type acoustic signal acquisition device with three-dimensional space acoustic detection capability according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a fiber array type acoustic sensor structure based on laser interference.
Fig. 3 is a front view of an optical fiber array arrangement.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional space acoustic wave signal source detected by a fiber array type space acoustic wave detector.
In fig. 1: 1-frequency stabilized continuous laser module; 2-fiber based 1 × N coupler; 3-an optical fiber circulator; 4-a sound sensitive sensor module; 5-an acousto-optic frequency shifter module; 6-fiber based 1 × N coupler; 7-fiber-based 2 x 1 coupler; 8-a photoelectric conversion module; 9-an amplifier module; 10-a signal acquisition module; 11-a signal processing module.
In fig. 2: 12-a ceramic cylinder; 13-fiber cladding; 14-fiber core; 15-a light-transmitting film; 16-high reflection film.
In fig. 3: m is less than or equal to N-1.
In fig. 4: 17-optical fiber array type acoustic sensor; 18-acoustic wave signal source.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic optical path diagram of the optical fiber array type acoustic wave detection system in this embodiment. The optical fiber array type acoustic wave detection device of the embodiment comprises a continuous laser module 1, a 1 × N optical fiber coupler 2, an optical fiber circulator 3, an array type optical fiber acoustic sensor 4, an acousto-optic frequency shifter module 5, a 1 × N optical fiber coupler 6, a 2 × 1 optical fiber coupler 7, a photoelectric conversion module 8, an amplifier module 9, a signal acquisition unit 10 and a signal processing unit 11. Fig. 2 shows an optical fiber array acoustic sensor based on laser interference, which has a basic structure of a laser interference measuring head composed of two layers of films, including a ceramic cylinder 12, an optical fiber cladding 13, an optical fiber core 14, an organic polymer film 15 and a metal high reflection film 16, and functions to convert sound pressure into a reflected light signal with modulated information.
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Selecting a coherent laser light source with stable frequency generated by a continuous laser;
Step two, light emitted by the continuous laser 1 enters through a first port of a 1 × N optical fiber coupler 2, is output to an acousto-optic frequency shifter module 5 from a second port of the 1 × N optical fiber coupler 2, and then enters into a 2 × 1 optical fiber coupler 7 and a photoelectric conversion module 8 through a 1 × N optical fiber coupler 6;
outputting the signals from other ports of the 1 XN optical fiber coupler 2 to a plurality of optical fiber circulators 3 and then entering the array type optical fiber acoustic sensor 4;
Step four, the light enters the array type optical fiber acoustic sensor 4, then sequentially reaches the light-transmitting film 15 and the high-reflection film 16, is reflected by the high-reflection film 16, then is reflected back to the optical fiber circulator 3 through the light-transmitting film 15, and then enters the 2 x 1 optical fiber coupler;
Fifthly, when the sound wave is transmitted to the optical fiber array acoustic sensor, the metal film can vibrate, the frequency and the phase of a laser signal can be changed, and the reflected laser comprises a signal carried by the external sound wave;
Sixthly, two beams of laser entering the 2 x 1 optical fiber coupler 7 interfere with each other and are output to the photoelectric conversion module 8 through a third port of the 2 x 1 optical fiber coupler 7;
Seventhly, amplifying the electric signal output by the photoelectric conversion module 8 through an amplifier 9, transmitting the amplified electric signal to a signal acquisition unit, and then completing demodulation of the sound wave signal through a signal processing unit 11;
And step eight, calculating sound wave sound pressure according to the demodulation result, obtaining the position information of the sound wave source in the three-dimensional space through a calculation formula according to the time difference of the sound wave signal reaching M optical fibers in the horizontal direction and the time difference of the sound wave signal reaching L optical fibers in the longitudinal row direction, and reconstructing the information in the three-dimensional sound field through an algorithm.
The experimental result shows that the optical fiber array type acoustic sensor has higher sensitivity and lower noise and has excellent performance on three-dimensional space acoustic detection.
The above description of the invention and its embodiments is not intended to be limiting, and the illustrations in the drawings are intended to represent only one embodiment of the invention. Without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is within the scope of the invention to design structures or embodiments similar to the technical solution without creation.
Claims (8)
1. An optical fiber array type sound wave signal acquisition device based on laser interference is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a continuous laser module, a 1 XN optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber circulator, an array type optical fiber acoustic sensor, an acousto-optic frequency shifter module, a 2 X1 optical fiber coupler, a photoelectric conversion module, an amplifier module, a signal acquisition unit and a signal processing unit, wherein a first port of the 1 XN optical fiber coupler is connected with the continuous laser module, a second port on the other side of the 1 XN optical fiber coupler is connected with the acousto-optic frequency shifter, and the rest ports of the 1 XN optical fiber coupler are connected with a plurality of first ports of the optical fiber circulator.
2. And all the optical fiber circulators comprise a first port connected with the 1 × N optical fiber coupler, a second port connected with the array type optical fiber acoustic sensor and a third port connected with the 2 × 1 optical fiber coupler.
3. The 1 xN fiber coupler of claim 1 may be cascaded from a plurality of couplers.
4. the continuum laser module of claim 1, wherein a continuous, stable laser source is produced.
5. the acousto-optic frequency shifter of claim 1 wherein the frequency of the laser is shifted to another specific frequency.
6. the fiber optic circulator of claim 1 wherein light entering the first port and exiting the second port has little attenuation and enters the second port and exits the third port has little attenuation but has a significant attenuation for the input and output combinations of the other ports.
7. the fiber optic circulator of claim 1 replaceable with a 2 x 1 fiber optic coupler that allows a combination of multiple input and output ports for light as compared to a fiber optic circulator that can perform the desired functions of the device.
8. The array optical fiber acoustic sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the acoustic sensor comprises a plurality of array single-mode optical fibers, a light-transmitting film and a high-reflection film, wherein the light-transmitting film and the high-reflection film are plated on the end face of the array single-mode optical fibers, so that high-precision measurement of sound pressure is realized according to a pressure sensitive structure.
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| CN113589113A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-02 | 重庆大学 | Local discharge multi-frequency combined sensing array based on optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer |
| CN114062275A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-18 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Spatial domain multiplexing demodulation instrument and method of optical fiber photoacoustic sensor |
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