CN107421628A - A kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system - Google Patents
A kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system Download PDFInfo
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Fibre Optical Sensor and underwater sound signal fields of measurement, more particularly to a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system, it is characterized in that including modulation of source unit (1), multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2), wavelength multiplexing unit (3), pulse modulation unit (4), first amplifier (5), optical fiber circulator (6), sensor array (7), match interference unit (8), second amplifier (9), wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10), opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit (11), display and control unit (12), under conditions of thin battle array (≤30mm) being processed into ensureing hydrophone array, avoid the occurrence of polarization decay phenomenon.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to Fibre Optical Sensor and underwater sound signal fields of measurement, and in particular to a kind of anti-polarization decay interference-type optical fiber
Hydrophone system.
Background technology：
Fibre optic hydrophone is a kind of underwater signal sensor of foundation on optical fiber, optoelectronic technology base, is a kind of
Novel optical fiber sensor, also known as optical fiber sonar.It is detected by highly sensitive optical coherence, and underwater sound vibration is converted into light
Signal, signal processing system is reached by optical fiber and extracts acoustical signal information.It has the features such as high sensitivity, good frequency response.
Due to doing information carrier, suitable long-distance large-range monitoring using optical fiber.Fibre optic hydrophone is mainly used in marine acoustics environment
Acoustic propagation, noise, reverberation, the detection of submarine acoustic characteristic, target acoustical characteristic etc., be Modern Navy anti-submarine warfare, underwater
Weapons experiment, ocean, the advanced detection means of land oil-gas exploration, earthquake detection etc..
Fibre optic hydrophone has intensity type, polarization-type, phase interference type etc., wherein phase interference type optical fiber according to principle classification
Hydrophone is most widely applied because of its high sensitivity, measurement accuracy height.It is different according to the structure and principle of measurement apparatus,
Phase interference type fibre optic hydrophone can be divided into again Michelson types, Mach-Zehnder types, Fabry-Perot types and
Sagnac types.During the use of interference type optical fiber hydrophone, owe the reason such as perfect due to manufacturing process and cause material to be distributed
It is uneven, cause single-mode fiber to be bent, distort and produce deformation and stress, cause the optical anisotropy of fiber medium, produce
Raw birefringence, causes the polarization direction of light to change at random.Interference type optical fiber hydrophone typically all uses general single mode fiber at present,
The polarization direction of light changes the visibility that interferometer can be caused to export and changed at random at random.The two-beam polarization state interfered is just
During friendship, i.e. the direction of vibration of two-beam is vertical, and the visibility that can cause interferometer is zero, causes " decline of polarization inducement signal " existing
The generation of elephant, limit the application of interference type optical fiber hydrophone.In the last few years, people are by using using polarization maintaining optical fibre,
Faraday rotation mirror (FRM, Faraday Rotator Mirror) is used in Michelson interferometers, uses Polarization Control
The modes such as device, polarization diversity reduce or even eliminated the generation of polarization decay phenomenon, use polarization maintaining optical fibre and the scheme of polarization diversity
Although the generation of polarization decay, polarization maintaining optical fibre and related device high expensive can be avoided in principle, in particular with sensing
The increase of distance and scale, system cost will dramatically increase, and be unfavorable for the practical of scheme.The scheme of Polarization Control is adapted to test
Room is debugged or the occasion not high to requirement of real-time, and optimal polarization state can be found by constantly debugging, but right
In automation, it is integrated require higher and higher underwater sound sensory field, this kind of mode widespread adoption is significantly restricted.Mesh
Preceding application more widely uses FRM scheme in Michelson interferometers, because FRM cost is apparently higher than common anti-
Mirror is penetrated, and the shortcomings that it is difficult to store in the case where requiring higher and higher background to array sizes, limit its and further apply.
Because the various applications of Underwater Detection have sufficiently high requirement, therefore light to the shift sensitivity of fibre optic hydrophone
Fine hydrophone array element, which has to progress enhanced sensitivity processing, could meet to require, scheme general at present is to twine the signal arm of interferometer
Be wound on elastic fluid, but due to the mode field diameter (MFD, Mode Field Diameter) of general single mode fiber it is larger (8~
10 μm), when elastic fluid external diameter further reduces and (is less than 10mm), the loss of Scale Fiber-Optic Hydrophone Array will dramatically increase, directly
To return " dry end ", namely the signal of photodetection and demodulating system will be unable to be detected, and cause thrashing.
The content of the invention：
The present invention is for shortcoming and defect present in prior art, it is proposed that a kind of anti-polarization decay interference-type optical fiber water
Listen device system.
The present invention can be reached by following measures：
A kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system, it is characterised in that including modulation of source unit (1), more ripples
Long monochromatic laser emissions unit (2), wavelength multiplexing unit (3), pulse modulation unit (4), the first amplifier (5), fiber annular
Device (6), sensor array (7), matching interference unit (8), the second amplifier (9), wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10), opto-electronic conversion and
Demodulating unit (11), display and control unit (12), wherein sensor array (7) are to complete " green end " of sensing, its remaining part
It is divided into and completes signal detection, demodulation, " dry end " of display control；Sensor array (7) includes multigroup time-division sensor array (702),
Wavelength separator (701) and wavelength increase device (703), the corresponding monochromatic sources wavelength of every group of time-division sensor array, wavelength point
COM port from device (701) is input port, and transmission port connects the input of time-division sensor array, under reflector port connection
The COM port of one wavelength separator, the like；The output end connection respective wavelength increase device of time-division sensor array (702)
(703) transmission end, the reflection end of wavelength increase device (703) connect the COM ends of previous wavelength increase device, the like.Often
One group of time-division sensor array (703) if by the fiber optic loop (7022) of Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches fiber grating (7021) and certain length form, its
The operation wavelength of middle fiber grating (7021) increases the saturating of device (703) with being connected the wavelength separator (701) of this time-division with wavelength
Ejected wave length is corresponding, and fiber optic loop (7022) is both used as delay unit, and the sensing element as fibre optic hydrophone array element uses again；Matching
Interference unit (8) includes the first fiber coupler (801), fibre delay line (802), disturbs inclined module (803) and the second optical fiber coupling
Clutch (804)；Modulation of source unit (1) is swashed by output frequency and the sine voltage signal of variable amplitude to multi-wavelength single-frequency
The continuous optical signal of Optical Transmit Unit (2) output is modulated, and modulated optical signal enters the defeated of wavelength multiplexing unit (3)
Inbound port, the output port of wavelength multiplexing unit (3) are connected with the input port of pulse modulation unit (4), pulse modulation unit
(4) output port amplifies by the first amplifier (5), output port and the optical fiber circulator (6) of the first amplifier (5)
(601) port is connected, and (602) port of optical fiber circulator is connected with the input port of sensor array (7)；By extraneous sound
The light pulse signal of signal modulation is by the fiber grating (7021) in time-division sensor array (7) back through optical fiber circulator
(6) (602) port enters, and is exported by (603) port and enters matching interference unit (8), due to optical fiber in matching interference unit
The length of delay line (802) is identical with the fiber optic loop (7022) in time-division sensor array (702), therefore by the first fiber coupler
(801) two pulse signals of output will produce superposition in time domain and send interference, simultaneously because disturbing inclined module (803) for dry
The arm of interferometer one disturbs inclined effect, and output interference signal will not be influenceed by polarization decay phenomenon, can export visibility base
The interference signal of this stabilization；Output to wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10) will after interference signal is amplified by the second amplifier (9)
The interference signal of different wave length is separated and delivers to opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit (11), and opto-electronic conversion is carried out to interference signal
And demodulation process, eventually through display and the display of control unit (12) completion demodulated signal and parameter setting.
Light modulator (1) of the present invention can export the sinusoidal modulation signal on most 16 tunnels, modulation electricity simultaneously
Press the scope of signal adjustable for -4V~+4V, frequency range is that 0~100KHz is adjustable；Multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2)
It can export centered on C34 passages (1550.12nm), at intervals of 100GHz (0.8nm), line width is less than 10KHz optical signal,
Most output wavelength port numbers are not more than 16.
Wavelength multiplexing unit (3) of the present invention, wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10) are similar device, according only to user
The different names of formula are different, and described wavelength multiplexing unit (3), (10 operation wavelengths and multi-wavelength single-frequency swash wavelength (de) multiplexing unit
The wavelength number of Optical Transmit Unit (2) output is identical and corresponds, and centre wavelength precision is less than positive and negative 0.1nm, insertion damage
Consumption is less than 4dB, and each interchannel isolation is not less than 30dB.
The operation wavelength of pulse modulation unit (4) of the present invention is 1550 ± 20nm, and working frequency is less than 120MHz,
Extinction ratio is not less than 55dB, and optical rise time is less than 30ns.
First amplifier (5) of the present invention is power amplifier (B-EDFA), input wavelength scope be 1528nm~
1563nm, input optical power are less than -20dBm, and 0~10dBm of saturation output power is adjustable, and input isolation is more than 30dB, is made an uproar
Sound index is less than 4.5dB.
Optical fiber circulator (6) of the present invention include (601), (602), (603) totally three ports, light path move towards feature
For：(601) port is entered, and (602) port goes out；(602) port is entered, and (603) port goes out；Its operating wavelength range be 1550 ±
20nm, each port insertion loss are less than 0.8dB (not belt lacing), and peak value isolation is more than 50dB, and crosstalk is less than 50dB, polarizes phase
Close loss and be less than 0.2dB, maximum input optical power is 300mW.
Sensor array (7) of the present invention includes and multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2) wavelength number identical
Wavelength separator (701), wavelength increase device (703) and time-division sensor array (702)；Each group of wavelength separator (701) and ripple
Long increase device (703) is similar device and transmission peak wavelength corresponds with multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2) wavelength, center
Wavelength accuracy is less than ± 0.2nm, and channel isolation is more than 30dB；Described time-division sensor array (702) is N+1 (when N is each
Point sensor array array element number, N >=1) branch cascade fiber grating (7021) and corresponding fiber optic loop (7022) composition, often
The reflectivity of one branch fibre grating is different, and specific reflectivity calculation formula is：R=1/N*100%, the length of fiber optic loop (7022)
It can be designed according to fibre optic hydrophone array element sensitivity requirement and with matching fibre delay line (802) length in interference unit (8)
It is identical.
Wavelength separator (701), wavelength increase device (703) and time-division belonging in sensor array (7) of the present invention
Optical fiber used in sensor array (702) is YOFC-BI1015 series bend insensitive fibers, it is characterized in that 1550nm wave bands decline
Subtracting≤0.25dB/Km, mode field diameter is 7.1-7.9 μm, and cladding diameter is 80 ± 1.0 μm, 165 ± 5 μm of coat diameter,
φ -10 diameters * 25 encloses decay≤0.02dB under 1550nm wavelength conditions, and proof strength is up to 200kpsi；Described matching interference
The input port of unit (8) is connected with (603) port of optical fiber circulator (6), and its inside includes the first fiber coupler
(801), fibre delay line (802), disturb inclined module (803) and the second fiber coupler (804), wherein the first fiber coupler
(801) it is same device with the second fiber coupler, is distinguished according only to optical signal input direction difference with showing.It is characterized in that point
Light ratio is 1:1, insertion loss is less than 3.4dB, and polarized dependent loss PDL is less than 0.1dB；Fibre delay line (802) length and when
Fiber optic loop (7022) length in subarray (7) is consistent, and uses shock insulation, Design on thermal insulation to avoid external shock, environment temperature
Change impacts to interference signal；Inclined module (803) is disturbed to disturb at a high speed using the PCD-005 of General Photonics companies
Inclined module, insertion loss are less than 0.05dB (non junction), and operation wavelength is 1550 ± 50nm, and output degree of polarization is less than 5%, remnants
Phase-modulation is less than 0.1 π, disturbs offset frequency rate and reaches as high as 700KHz；Described the second amplifier (9) is for weak signal optimization
Preamplifier (Pre-EDFA), its operating wavelength range are 1520~1560nm, input optical power scope is -40~-
10dBm, equivalent noise figure are less than -3dB, and typical gains are less than 16dB, and input, output end isolation is all higher than 30dB.
Opto-electronic conversion of the present invention and photoelectric conversion unit number of active lanes and monochromatic sources in demodulating unit (11)
Wavelength number is identical, and it has been internally integrated the FET PIN detector of respective number and A/D conversion chip, detection
Device transimpedance is not less than 100KV/W, and-three dB bandwidth is less than 50MHz, and A/D conversion chip sample rate is not less than 100Msps,
Precision is not less than 12bit.Opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit (11) have been internally integrated the Altera public affairs for being able to carry out PGC demodulating algorithms
5 Series FPGA chips of department and realize the VSC Series P HY chips that the VITESSE companies that 10Gbps communicate produce with host computer.
Display of the present invention and control unit (12) are display software section, can show corresponding a certain specific wavelength
Time-division sensor array 7 overall signal, and can shows the signal of specific sensing array element in time-division sensor array 7.
Modulation of source unit (1) passes through output and multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2) wavelength number pair in the present invention
The certain amplitude and frequency sine voltage signal answered, line amplitude and frequency modulation(PFM) are entered to multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2)；
What multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2) was sent passes through wavelength multiplexing unit comprising multiple wavelength and modulated detection light
(3) it is coupled into same root optical fiber and enters pulse modulation unit (4), detection light is modulated into as the pulse with one fixed width
Light；Pulsed optical signals enter the first amplifier (5) and carry out power amplification, make up the power damage in optical signal modulation, transmitting procedure
Consumption, while need to control the power output of the first amplifier (5), avoid nonlinear effect occur in sensor array 7；
The output port of first amplifier (5) is connected with (601) port of optical fiber circulator (6), optical fiber circulator
(602) port is connected with the input port of sensor array (7), and direct impulse enters " green end " sensor array (7)；Direct impulse
Into after sensor array (7), the wavelength separator (701) of the light of different wave length Jing Guo corresponding wavelength enters the corresponding time-division and sensed
Array (702), returned by the light pulse signal that extraneous acoustical signal is modulated by the fiber grating (7021) in time-division sensor array (7)
Back through wavelength increase device (703) corresponding with wavelength separator (701) and entered by (602) port of optical fiber circulator (6)
Enter, exported by (603) port and enter matching interference unit (8), due to the length of fibre delay line (802) in matching interference unit
Two-way arteries and veins identical with the fiber optic loop (7022) in time-division sensor array (702), therefore being exported by the first fiber coupler (801)
Superposition will be produced in time domain and send interference by rushing signal, simultaneously because disturb inclined module (803) disturbs inclined work for the arm of interferometer one
With output interference signal will not receive the influence of polarization decay phenomenon, the basicly stable interference signal of output visibility.Carry
There is the interference signal of underwater acoustic information in transmitting procedure by the amplification of the second fiber amplifier (9), can not reduce
The power that optical signal enters wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10) is improved in the case of Signal-to-Noise.
Optical signal separates the light of different wave length after wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10), single into opto-electronic conversion and demodulation
First (11), after opto-electronic conversion and signal demodulation, time domain, the phase of measured signal are shown into display and control unit (12)
Change and spectrum information.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, the present invention is " dry end " adds matching interference unit, and adds in an arm of matching interference unit and disturb inclined mould
Block, namely extruding optical-fiber type disturb inclined module at a high speed, will constantly change its polarization by the polarised light of the module with higher speed
State, so as to make polarised light lose polarization characteristic in the general effect of certain period of time, namely reach opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit
The average value of luminous power be constant.Inclined effect is disturbed by the module, it is ensured that the signal intensity of relevant detection is not low
In the 70%~80% of maximum intensity, so that fibre optic interferometer is by " " phenomenon is influenceed the decline of polarization inducement signal, is obtained
Metastable interference signal.Meanwhile match interference unit and interference is existed " dry end " generation, simplify " green end " light path ", make
Obtaining " green end " light path only needs to return the light pulse " reflection " for detecting acoustic information " dry end ".
2nd, present invention uses the mode that power amplifier combines with preamplifier to detect light and return to incidence respectively
Signal is amplified, and the power of return signal light has been effectively ensured, while is solved incident optical signal and caused in optical fiber by force very much
Returned caused by nonlinear effect problem and incoming signal are too weak optical signal power deficiency cause system signal noise ratio decline even certain
A little array elements are completely without the contradiction of signal.
3rd, the present invention employs fiber grating FBG at " green end " and realized instead of the mode of fiber coupler and arrangement of mirrors
Underwater sound signal " pickup ", the advantage of this kind of mode is to be engraved in fiber grating FBG on used optical fiber, Ran Houzai
Fiber optic loop between fiber grating is wound on special enhanced sensitivity skeleton, avoids the fiber coupler in traditional fiber interferometer
And faraday rotation mirror (FRM) or normal mirror need special the problem of storing, for needed for processing underwater sound towing application
The sensor array of thin external diameter (≤30mm) provide huge possibility.
4th, all optics of green end of the present invention, including fiber grating, using special bend insensitive fiber
Processing and fabricating, this kind of optical fiber possess smaller mode field diameter (being less than 8 μm), also imply that it possesses smaller bending radius,
It is demonstrated experimentally that the loss for being less than the circle of φ 10mm coilings 25 in external diameter using the fiber optic loop of this kind of optical fiber coiling is less than 0.02dB, and
Possess up to 200kpsi screening tension force, on the premise of engineer applied is more suitable for, further reduce the outer of array element skeleton
Footpath, it is to process superfine linear array (≤30mm) under special occasions to provide hardware supported.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is system architecture diagram of the invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the port schematic diagram of optical fiber circulator 6, and optical fiber circulator includes 601,602,603 3 ports altogether.It is attached
Fig. 3 is the Organization Chart of sensor array light path 7, comprising multigroup time-division sensor array 702, wavelength separator 701 and wavelength increase device
703。
Accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representation of time-division sensor array 702, if including Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches fiber grating 7021 and fiber optic loop
7022。
Accompanying drawing 5 is the structure chart of matching interference unit 8, comprising the first fiber coupler 801, fibre delay line 802, is disturbed partially
The fiber coupler 804 of module 803 and second.
Reference：Modulation of source unit 1, multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit 2, wavelength multiplexing unit 3, impulse modulation
Unit 4, the first amplifier 5, optical fiber circulator 6, sensor array 7, match interference unit 8, the second amplifier 9, wavelength (de) multiplexing
Unit 10, opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit 11, display and control unit 12.
Embodiment：
As shown in figure 1, a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system provided by the invention includes
Modulation of source unit 1, multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit 2, wavelength multiplexing unit 3, pulse modulation unit 4, the
One amplifier 5, optical fiber circulator 6, sensor array 7, match interference unit 8, the second amplifier 9, wavelength (de) multiplexing unit 10, light
Electricity conversion and demodulating unit 11, display and control unit 12.Wherein sensor array 7 is to complete " green end " of sensing, remaining
Part is completion signal detection, demodulation, " dry end " of display control；Sensor array 7 includes multigroup time-division sensor array 702, ripple
Long separator 701 and wavelength increase device 703, the corresponding monochromatic sources wavelength of every group of time-division sensor array, wavelength separator 701
COM port be input port, transmission port connects the input of time-division sensor array, and reflector port connects next wavelength point
From the COM port of device, the like.The transmission end of the output end connection respective wavelength increase device 703 of time-division sensor array 702,
The reflection end of wavelength increase device 703 connects the COM ends of previous wavelength increase device, the like.Each group of time-division sensor array
If 702 form by the fiber optic loop 7022 of Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches fiber grating 7021 and certain length, wherein the operating wave of fiber grating 7021
The long wavelength separator 701 with connecting this time-division is corresponding with wavelength increase device 703, and fiber optic loop 7022 is both used as delay unit, again
Used as sensing element.Matching interference unit 8 includes the first fiber coupler 801, fibre delay line 802, disturbs inclined module 803
And second fiber coupler 804.
Modulation of source unit 1 is sent out multi-wavelength single-frequency laser by output frequency and the sine voltage signal of variable amplitude
The continuous optical signal for penetrating the output of unit 2 is modulated, and modulated optical signal enters the input port of wavelength multiplexing unit 3,
The output port of wavelength multiplexing unit 3 is connected with the input port of pulse modulation unit 4, the output port of pulse modulation unit 4
Amplify by the first amplifier 5, the output port of the first amplifier 5 is connected with 601 ports of optical fiber circulator 6, fiber optic loop
602 ports of shape device are connected with the input port of sensor array 7.By extraneous acoustical signal modulation light pulse signal by the time-division
Fiber grating 7021 in sensor array 7 enters back through 602 ports of optical fiber circulator 6, is exported and entered by 603 ports
Interference unit 8 is matched, due to the length of fibre delay line 802 and the optical fiber in time-division sensor array 702 in matching interference unit
Ring 7022 is identical, therefore the two pulse signals exported by the first fiber coupler 801 will produce in time domain and be superimposed and send dry
Relate to, simultaneously because disturbing disturb inclined effect of the inclined module 803 for the arm of interferometer one, output interference signal will not receive polarization decay
The influence of phenomenon, the basicly stable interference signal of output visibility.Interference signal exported after being amplified by the second amplifier 9 to
The interference signal of different wave length is separated and delivers to opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit 11 by wavelength (de) multiplexing unit 10, to interference
Signal carries out opto-electronic conversion and demodulation process, completes the display of demodulated signal eventually through display and control unit 12 and parameter is set
Put.
In this preferred embodiment, light modulator 1 can export the sinusoidal modulation signal on most 16 tunnels, the modulation voltage simultaneously
The scope of signal is that -4V~+4V is adjustable, and frequency range is that 0~100KHz is adjustable.Multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit 2 is preferred
Koheras Acoustic X15 series multichannel low noise narrow linewidth light source modules, can be exported with C34 passages
Centered on (1550.12nm), at intervals of 100GHz (0.8nm), line width is less than 10KHz optical signal, most output wavelength passages
Number is not more than 16.Wavelength multiplexing unit 3, wavelength (de) multiplexing unit 10 are similar device, according only to the different names of occupation mode not
Together, described wavelength multiplexing unit 3, the operation wavelength of wavelength (de) multiplexing unit 10 and multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit 2 export
Wavelength number it is identical and correspond, and centre wavelength precision is less than positive and negative 0.1nm, and insertion loss is less than 4dB, and each passage
Between isolation be not less than 30dB.The operation wavelength of pulse modulation unit 4 is 1550 ± 20nm, and working frequency is less than 120MHz, disappeared
Light ratio is not less than 55dB, and optical rise time is less than 30ns.First amplifier 5 is power amplifier (B-EDFA), incoming wave
Long scope is 1528nm~1563nm, and input optical power is less than -20dBm, and 0~10dBm of saturation output power is adjustable.Input isolation
Spend to be less than 4.5dB more than 30dB, noise figure.
Optical fiber circulator 6 includes 601,602,603, and totally three ports, light path trend are characterized as：601 ports are entered, 602 ports
Go out；602 ports are entered, and 603 ports go out.Its operating wavelength range is 1550 ± 20nm, and each port insertion loss is less than 0.8dB (no
Belt lacing), peak value isolation is more than 50dB, and crosstalk is less than 50dB, and Polarization Dependent Loss is less than 0.2dB, maximum input optical power
For 300mW.Sensor array 7 includes and the wavelength number identical wavelength separator 701 of multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit 2, ripple
Long increase device 703 and time-division sensor array 702.Each group of wavelength separator 701 and wavelength increase device 703 are similar device and thoroughly
Ejected wave is grown to be corresponded with the wavelength of multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit 2, and centre wavelength precision is less than ± 0.2nm, channel separation
Degree is more than 30dB.Described time-division sensor array 702 is the series connection of N+1 (N be each time-division sensor array array element number, N >=1) branch
The fiber grating 7021 of form forms with corresponding fiber optic loop 7022, and the reflectivity of each branch fibre grating is different, specific reflection
Rate calculation formula is：R=1/N*100%, the length of fiber optic loop 7022 can design according to fibre optic hydrophone array element sensitivity requirement
It is and identical with the length of fibre delay line 802 in matching interference unit 8.Wavelength separator 701, ripple belonging in sensor array 7
The preferred YOFC-BI1015 series bend insensitive fiber of optical fiber used in long increase device 703 and time-division sensor array 702, it is special
It is 7.1-7.9 μm to levy as 1550nm wave bands decay≤0.25dB/Km, mode field diameter, and cladding diameter is 80 ± 1.0 μm, coat
165 ± 5 μm of diameter, φ -10 diameters * 25 encloses decay≤0.02dB, proof strength 200kpsi under 1550nm wavelength conditions.
Input port with interference unit 8 is connected with 603 ports of optical fiber circulator 6, and its inside includes the first fiber coupler
801st, fibre delay line 802, disturb the inclined fiber coupler 804 of module 803 and second.Wherein the first fiber coupler 801 and second
Fiber coupler is same device, is distinguished according only to optical signal input direction difference with showing.It is characterized in that splitting ratio is 1:1,
Insertion loss is less than 3.4dB, and polarized dependent loss PDL is less than 0.1dB.The length of fibre delay line 802 and the light in subarrays 7
The fine length of ring 7022 is consistent, and uses shock insulation, Design on thermal insulation to avoid external shock, variation of ambient temperature from causing interference signal
Influence.The PCD-005 series of high speed for disturbing the preferred General Photonics companies of inclined module 803 disturbs inclined module, and insertion loss is small
In 0.05dB (non junction), operation wavelength is 1550 ± 50nm, and output degree of polarization is less than 5%, and residual phase modulation is less than 0.1 π,
Disturb offset frequency rate and reach as high as 700KHz.Second amplifier 9 be for weak signal optimization preamplifier (Pre-EDFA), its work
It is 1520~1560nm to make wave-length coverage, and input optical power scope is -40~-10dBm, and equivalent noise figure is less than -3dB, allusion quotation
Type gain is less than 16dB, and input, output end isolation is all higher than 30dB.Opto-electronic conversion in opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit 11
Unit channel number is identical with monochromatic sources wavelength number, its be internally integrated the FET PIN detector of respective number and
A/D conversion chip, detector transimpedance are not less than 100KV/W, and-three dB bandwidth is less than 50MHz, analog/digital conversion core
Piece sample rate is not less than 100Msps, and precision is not less than 12bit.It is preferably able to perform PGC inside opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit 11
5 Series FPGA chips of the altera corp of demodulating algorithm and realize that the VITESSE companies that 10Gbps communicates produce with host computer
VSC Series P HY chips.Display and control unit 12 can show the whole of the time-division sensor array 7 of corresponding a certain specific wavelength
Body signal, and can show the signal of specific sensing array element in time-division sensor array 7.
In summary, anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system provided by the present invention, can be listened ensureing water
Device array is processed under conditions of thin battle array (≤30mm), avoids the occurrence of polarization decay phenomenon.It is only that the present invention is preferable in summary
Embodiment, not be used for limit the present invention practical range.What i.e. all contents according to scope of the present invention patent were done etc.
Effect change and modification, it should all belong to the technology category of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system, it is characterised in that including modulation of source unit (1), multi-wavelength
Monochromatic laser emissions unit (2), wavelength multiplexing unit (3), pulse modulation unit (4), the first amplifier (5), optical fiber circulator
(6), sensor array (7), matching interference unit (8), the second amplifier (9), wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10), opto-electronic conversion and solution
Unit (11), display and control unit (12) are adjusted, wherein sensor array (7) is to complete " green end " of sensing, remainder
For complete signal detection, demodulation, display control " dry end "；Sensor array (7) includes multigroup time-division sensor array (702), ripple
Long separator (701) and wavelength increase device (703), the corresponding monochromatic sources wavelength of every group of time-division sensor array, wavelength separated
The COM port of device (701) is input port, and transmission port connects the input of time-division sensor array, and reflector port connection is next
The COM port of individual wavelength separator, the like；The output end connection respective wavelength increase device of time-division sensor array (702)
(703) transmission end, the reflection end of wavelength increase device (703) connect the COM ends of previous wavelength increase device, the like.Often
One group of time-division sensor array (703) if by the fiber optic loop (7022) of Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches fiber grating (7021) and certain length form, its
The operation wavelength of middle fiber grating (7021) increases the saturating of device (703) with being connected the wavelength separator (701) of this time-division with wavelength
Ejected wave length is corresponding, and fiber optic loop (7022) is both used as delay unit, and the sensing element as fibre optic hydrophone array element uses again；Matching
Interference unit (8) includes the first fiber coupler (801), fibre delay line (802), disturbs inclined module (803) and the second optical fiber coupling
Clutch (804)；Modulation of source unit (1) is swashed by output frequency and the sine voltage signal of variable amplitude to multi-wavelength single-frequency
The continuous optical signal of Optical Transmit Unit (2) output is modulated, and modulated optical signal enters the defeated of wavelength multiplexing unit (3)
Inbound port, the output port of wavelength multiplexing unit (3) are connected with the input port of pulse modulation unit (4), pulse modulation unit
(4) output port amplifies by the first amplifier (5), output port and the optical fiber circulator (6) of the first amplifier (5)
(601) port is connected, and (602) port of optical fiber circulator is connected with the input port of sensor array (7)；By extraneous sound
The light pulse signal of signal modulation is by the fiber grating (7021) in time-division sensor array (7) back through optical fiber circulator
(6) (602) port enters, and is exported by (603) port and enters matching interference unit (8), due to optical fiber in matching interference unit
The length of delay line (802) is identical with the fiber optic loop (7022) in time-division sensor array (702), therefore by the first fiber coupler
(801) two pulse signals of output will produce superposition in time domain and send interference, simultaneously because disturbing inclined module (803) for dry
The arm of interferometer one disturbs inclined effect, and output interference signal will not be influenceed by polarization decay phenomenon, can export visibility base
The interference signal of this stabilization；Output to wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10) will after interference signal is amplified by the second amplifier (9)
The interference signal of different wave length is separated and delivers to opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit (11), and opto-electronic conversion is carried out to interference signal
And demodulation process, eventually through display and the display of control unit (12) completion demodulated signal and parameter setting.
2. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Light modulator (1) can export the sinusoidal modulation signal on most 16 tunnels simultaneously, the scope of the modulated voltage signal for -4V~+
4V is adjustable, and frequency range is that 0~100KHz is adjustable；Multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2) can be exported with C34 passages
Centered on (1550.12nm), at intervals of 100GHz (0.8nm), line width is less than 10KHz optical signal, most output wavelength passages
Number is not more than 16.
3. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Wavelength multiplexing unit (3), wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (10) are similar device, different according only to the different names of occupation mode, described
Wavelength multiplexing unit (3), wavelength (de) multiplexing unit (output of 10 operation wavelengths and multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2)
Wavelength number is identical and corresponds, and centre wavelength precision is less than positive and negative 0.1nm, and insertion loss is less than 4dB, and each interchannel
Isolation is not less than 30dB.
4. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The operation wavelength of pulse modulation unit (4) is 1550 ± 20nm, and working frequency is less than 120MHz, and extinction ratio is not less than 55dB, light
Pulse rise time is less than 30ns.
5. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
First amplifier (5) is power amplifier (B-EDFA), and input wavelength scope is 1528nm~1563nm, and input optical power is small
In -20dBm, 0~10dBm of saturation output power is adjustable, and input isolation is to be less than 4.5dB more than 30dB, noise figure.
6. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Optical fiber circulator (6) includes (601), (602), (603) totally three ports, and light path trend is characterized as：(601) port is entered, (602)
Port goes out；(602) port is entered, and (603) port goes out；Its operating wavelength range is 1550 ± 20nm, and each port insertion loss is less than
0.8dB (not belt lacing), peak value isolation are more than 50dB, and crosstalk is less than 50dB, and Polarization Dependent Loss is less than 0.2dB, maximum defeated
Optical power is 300mW.
7. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Sensor array (7) includes and multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2) wavelength number identical wavelength separator (701), wavelength
Increase device (703) and time-division sensor array (702)；Each group of wavelength separator (701) is similar device with wavelength increase device (703)
Part and transmission peak wavelength correspond with multi-wavelength monochromatic laser emissions unit (2) wavelength, and centre wavelength precision is less than ± 0.2nm,
Channel isolation is more than 30dB；Described time-division sensor array (702) is that (N is each time-division sensor array array element number to N+1, N
>=1) fiber grating (7021) of branch cascade forms with corresponding fiber optic loop (7022), the reflectivity of each branch fibre grating
Difference, specific reflectivity calculation formula are：R=1/N*100%, the length of fiber optic loop (7022) can be according to fibre optic hydrophone array element
Sensitivity requirement design is simultaneously identical with fibre delay line (802) length in matching interference unit (8).
8. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Used in wavelength separator (701), wavelength increase device (703) and time-division sensor array (702) belonging in sensor array (7)
Optical fiber be YOFC-BI1015 series bend insensitive fibers, it is characterized in that 1550nm wave bands decay≤0.25dB/Km, mould field are straight
Footpath is 7.1-7.9 μm, and cladding diameter is 80 ± 1.0 μm, 165 ± 5 μm of coat diameter, and φ -10 is straight under 1550nm wavelength conditions
Footpath * 25 encloses decay≤0.02dB, and proof strength is up to 200kpsi；The input port and optical fiber of described matching interference unit (8)
(603) port of circulator (6) is connected, and its inside includes the first fiber coupler (801), fibre delay line (802), disturbed partially
Module (803) and the second fiber coupler (804), wherein the first fiber coupler (801) is same with the second fiber coupler
Device, distinguished according only to optical signal input direction difference with showing.It is characterized in that splitting ratio is 1:1, insertion loss is less than
3.4dB, polarized dependent loss PDL are less than 0.1dB；Fibre delay line (802) length and the fiber optic loop in subarrays (7)
(7022) length is consistent, and uses shock insulation, Design on thermal insulation to avoid external shock, variation of ambient temperature from causing shadow to interference signal
Ring；Disturb inclined module (803) and inclined module is disturbed using the PCD-005 of General Photonics companies at a high speed, insertion loss is less than
0.05dB (non junction), operation wavelength are 1550 ± 50nm, and output degree of polarization is less than 5%, and residual phase modulation is less than 0.1 π, disturbs
Offset frequency rate reaches as high as 700KHz；Described the second amplifier (9) is the preamplifier (Pre- for weak signal optimization
EDFA), its operating wavelength range is 1520~1560nm, and input optical power scope is -40~-10dBm, and equivalent noise figure is small
In -3dB, typical gains are less than 16dB, and input, output end isolation is all higher than 30dB.
9. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Photoelectric conversion unit number of active lanes in opto-electronic conversion and demodulating unit (11) is identical with monochromatic sources wavelength number, its internal collection
Into the FET PIN detector and A/D conversion chip of respective number, detector transimpedance is not less than 100KV/
W ,-three dB bandwidth are less than 50MHz, and A/D conversion chip sample rate is not less than 100Msps, and precision is not less than 12bit.Photoelectricity
Conversion and demodulating unit (11) be internally integrated the altera corp for being able to carry out PGC demodulating algorithms 5 Series FPGA chips and
The VSC Series P HY chips for the VITESSE companies production that 10Gbps communicates are realized with host computer.
10. a kind of anti-polarization decay interference type optical fiber hydrophone system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Display and control unit (12) are display software section, can show corresponding a certain specific wavelength time-division sensor array 7 it is whole
Body signal, and can show the signal of specific sensing array element in time-division sensor array 7.
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