CN110550656B - Three-phase mixed nano TiO2Preparation method of (1) - Google Patents

Three-phase mixed nano TiO2Preparation method of (1) Download PDF

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CN110550656B
CN110550656B CN201910914944.2A CN201910914944A CN110550656B CN 110550656 B CN110550656 B CN 110550656B CN 201910914944 A CN201910914944 A CN 201910914944A CN 110550656 B CN110550656 B CN 110550656B
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陈雪莲
韦萌
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Xian Shiyou University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
    • C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
    • C01G23/0536—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts by hydrolysing chloride-containing salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12—Surface area

Abstract

Three-phase mixed nano TiO2The preparation method comprises the following steps: (a) hydrolyzing titanium tetrachloride to obtain a titanium oxychloride compound, (b) adding zirconium oxychloride octahydrate powder to the prepared titanium oxychloride solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the added zirconium oxychloride to the titanium oxychloride is 1.23: 100-1.65: 100; (c) transferring the formed mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to react for 5-12h at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ to obtain the nano TiO2A precipitate; (d) centrifugally purifying, drying and calcining the obtained precipitate at 400 ℃ to obtain the three-phase mixed TiO2Nano powder; the three-phase mixed nano TiO prepared by the invention2The crystal grain has small size, good thermal stability and high specific surface area, and has extremely wide application prospect in the field of industrial catalysis.

Description

Three-phase mixed nano TiO2Preparation method of (1)
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of functional materials, in particular to a three-phase mixed nano TiO2The preparation method of (1).
Background
Titanium dioxide (TiO)2) The titanium dioxide has quite stable chemical properties, is widely applied and occupies an extremely important position in the field of chemical production. TiO since the early twentieth century2Since the beginning of commercial production, it has been widely used in the fields of pigment coating, cosmetics, ceramics, etc. because of its excellent activity, selectivity, poisoning resistance, and high temperature reducibility. With TiO2The discovery of the properties of the nano material such as surface effect, volume effect, quantum size effect, macroscopic tunnel effect and the like has also revealed more new applications. Nano TiO 22Is a new growth point of the titanium industry, and the wide excellent performance and high profit of the titanium industry inevitably cause the nanometer TiO2The production of the composite material is on the way of industrialization and has bright prospect.
TiO2There are three crystal structures, rutile, anatase and brookite respectively. Wherein, anatase TiO2The catalyst has good catalytic performance but is unstable, and the rutile crystal form is easy to be converted after high-temperature calcination. Rutile type TiO2The photocatalytic ability of (2) is not high, but has better physicochemical stability. There are reports of high temperature stable mixed crystal TiO2The catalytic performance of the catalyst is better than that of a pure phase. Because the anatase and brookite crystal structures are unstable, the anatase and brookite crystal structures are easy to be converted into rutile structures after being calcined at high temperature. In addition, TiO2During the high-temperature calcination of the powder, agglomeration easily occurs among the nano-particles, so that the agglomeration is causedThe grain size of the particles increases, greatly reducing their specific surface area. Thus, it is difficult to obtain a three-phase mixed type nano TiO that is stable at high temperature2。
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a three-phase mixed nano TiO2The prepared mixed nano TiO2The powder has small grain size, large specific surface area, difficult sintering in high-temperature calcination and stable high-temperature performance, thereby having the advantages of three crystal phases of rutile, anatase and brookite; the method can improve the original TiO content when used in industrial catalysis2Catalytic activity, oxidation ability and chemical stability of the catalyst.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
three-phase mixed nano TiO2The preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of titanium oxychloride solution
Titanium tetrachloride is used as an initial raw material, 285-514g of deionized water is added into a 1L three-neck flask under the ice bath condition, 245g of titanium tetrachloride solution is added into the deionized water, magnetic stirring is carried out simultaneously, and nitrogen is continuously introduced into the three-neck flask to prepare the titanium oxychloride solution with the concentration of 2.0-3.6 mol/L.
Step two: zirconium ion doped TiO2Preparation of nano-powder
Taking 50g of the solution, and respectively adding 81.67-147.19g of deionized water and 0.27-0.66g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate to enable the molar ratio of zirconium ions to titanium ions to be (1.23-1.65): 100; the solution is evenly mixed and then transferred into a closed hydrothermal reaction kettle, the kettle is placed in a vacuum oven, the hydrothermal temperature is kept between 80 and 100 ℃, the reaction time is 5 to 12 hours, and precipitate TiO is obtained2(ii) a After the reaction product and the reaction kettle are cooled, centrifugally separating precipitates, washing the precipitates for 4-5 times by using distilled water and ethanol in sequence, centrifugally treating the precipitates at 4000-2And (3) powder.
Step three: IIIPhase mixed TiO2Preparation of nano-powder
In the air atmosphere, adopting a muffle furnace with temperature programming control to convert the TiO prepared in the step two into TiO2Calcining the nano powder for 4-8h at 400 ℃ to obtain rutile, anatase and brookite three-phase mixed TiO2And (3) nano powder, wherein the calcining heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
Compared with the traditional method, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
the traditional method is to convert brookite and anatase into rutile phase, the crystal phase conversion temperature is higher, and three-phase mixed nano TiO is not easy to form2Powder and the specific surface area of the carrier is lower. The invention generates anatase and rutile phases at low temperature, and then converts partial rutile into anatase and brookite by calcining at relatively low temperature, which is beneficial to maintaining three-phase mixed nano TiO2The powder is formed, the high specific surface area of the powder is maintained, and the performance and the chemical stability of the powder in the fields of catalysis, water treatment and the like are improved.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention has the characteristics of low cost, low reaction temperature and good repeatability, and the prepared mixed nano TiO2The powder simultaneously has three crystal phases of rutile, anatase and brookite, the crystal size is small, and the specific surface area is large ()>60m2G) and sintering does not easily occur after calcination at 400 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows three-phase mixed nano TiO prepared in example 12Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures of the powder, with a scale of 200 nm.
FIG. 2 shows three-phase mixed nano TiO prepared in example 12Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures of the powder, with 500nm scale in the figure.
FIG. 3 shows the nano TiO prepared in example 12X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns before and after calcination of the powder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example one
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) titanium tetrachloride was used as an initial raw material, 285g of deionized water was added to a 1L three-necked flask in an ice bath, and then 245g of a titanium tetrachloride solution was slowly added to the deionized water while magnetic stirring was performed, and nitrogen gas was continuously introduced into the three-necked flask to prepare a titanium oxychloride solution having a concentration of 3.6 mol/L.
(2) Taking 50g of the titanium oxychloride solution prepared in the step (1), respectively adding 147.19g of deionized water and 0.49g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate powder to ensure that the molar ratio of zirconium ions to titanium ions is 1.23:100, putting the uniformly mixed solution into a closed hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing the kettle in a vacuum oven, keeping the hydrothermal temperature at 100 ℃, and reacting for 6 hours to obtain a precipitate TiO2. After the reaction product and the reaction kettle are cooled, centrifugally separating precipitates, washing the precipitates for 4-5 times by using distilled water and ethanol in sequence, centrifuging the precipitates at the rotating speed of 4000rpm, and finally drying the precipitates for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the nano TiO2And (3) powder.
(3) In the air atmosphere, adopting a muffle furnace with temperature programming control to prepare the TiO2Calcining the nano powder for 4 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain the three-phase mixed TiO2And (3) nano powder, wherein the calcining heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
FIGS. 1-3 show data obtained under these conditions. As can be seen from the figure, TiO doped with zirconium ion2The nano powder is in a rutile and anatase two-phase mixed crystal form (figure 3) when not calcined, and is in a rutile, anatase and brookite three-phase mixed form (figure 3) after being calcined at 400 ℃, and the grain size of the nano powder is 13.6 nm; the calcined primary particles become uniform larger particles and maintain a porous structure, and the calcined primary particles have larger specific surface area and uniform particle dispersion, and the specific surface area is 60.9m2In terms of/g (FIGS. 1 and 2).
Example two
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) titanium tetrachloride was used as an initial raw material, 285g of deionized water was added to a 1L three-necked flask in an ice bath, and then 245g of a titanium tetrachloride solution was slowly added to the deionized water while magnetic stirring was performed, and nitrogen gas was continuously introduced into the three-necked flask to prepare a titanium oxychloride solution having a concentration of 3.6 mol/L.
(2) Taking 50g of the titanium oxychloride solution prepared in the step (1), respectively adding 147.19g of deionized water and 0.60g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate powder to ensure that the molar ratio of zirconium ions to titanium ions is 1.65:100, putting the uniformly mixed solution into a closed hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing the kettle in a vacuum oven, keeping the hydrothermal temperature at 90 ℃ and reacting for 6 hours to obtain a precipitate TiO2. After the reaction product and the reaction kettle are cooled, centrifugally separating precipitates, washing the precipitates for 4-5 times by using distilled water and ethanol in sequence, centrifuging the precipitates at the rotating speed of 4000rpm, and finally drying the precipitates for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the nano TiO2And (3) powder.
(3) In the air atmosphere, adopting a muffle furnace with temperature programming control to prepare the TiO2Calcining the nano powder for 4 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain the three-phase mixed TiO2And (3) nano powder, wherein the calcining heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
The effect of this embodiment: calcined TiO with reduced reaction temperature and increased concentration of incorporated zirconium ions2The nano powder still presents a better rutile, anatase and brookite three-phase mixed crystal form, the primary particle appearance of the sample is still granular and has porosity, the grain size is 12.2nm, and the specific surface area value is 67.7m2And/g, the sample is not easy to sinter at high temperature, and the stability is good.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) titanium tetrachloride was used as an initial raw material, 285g of deionized water was added to a 1L three-necked flask in an ice bath, and then 245g of a titanium tetrachloride solution was slowly added to the deionized water while magnetic stirring was performed, and nitrogen gas was continuously introduced into the three-necked flask to prepare a titanium oxychloride solution having a concentration of 3.6 mol/L.
(2) Taking 50g of the titanium oxychloride solution prepared in the step (1), respectively adding 147.19g of deionized water and 0.60g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate powder to ensure that the molar ratio of zirconium ions to titanium ions is 1.65:100, putting the uniformly mixed solution into a closed hydrothermal reaction kettle, and placing the kettle in a vacuum stateIn an oven, keeping the hydrothermal temperature at 80 ℃ and reacting for 12 hours to obtain precipitate TiO2(ii) a After the reaction product and the reaction kettle are cooled, centrifugally separating precipitates, washing the precipitates for 4-5 times by using distilled water and ethanol in sequence, centrifuging the precipitates at the rotating speed of 4000rpm, and finally drying the precipitates for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the nano TiO2And (3) powder.
(3) Calcining the prepared nano powder at 400 ℃ for 4 hours in a muffle furnace controlled by temperature programming under the air atmosphere to obtain the three-phase mixed TiO2And (3) nano powder, wherein the calcining heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
The effect of this embodiment: when the reaction temperature is further reduced and the reaction time is prolonged, rutile, anatase and brookite three-phase mixed TiO can be obtained after the sample is calcined2The nano powder has a grain size of 12.5nm and a specific surface area of 62.1m2The shape of the primary particles is basically kept unchanged, and good high-temperature stability is still kept.

Claims (2)

1. Three-phase mixed nano TiO2The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of titanium oxychloride solution
Using titanium tetrachloride as an initial raw material, adding 285-514g of deionized water into a 1L three-neck flask under the ice bath condition, then adding 245g of titanium tetrachloride solution into the deionized water, carrying out magnetic stirring, and continuously introducing nitrogen into the three-neck flask to prepare titanium oxychloride solution with the concentration of 2.0-3.6 mol/L;
step two: zirconium ion doped TiO2Preparation of nano-powder
Taking 50g of the solution, and respectively adding 81.67-147.19g of deionized water and 0.27-0.66g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate to enable the molar ratio of zirconium ions to titanium ions to be (1.23-1.65): 100; the solution is evenly mixed and then transferred into a closed hydrothermal reaction kettle, the kettle is placed in a vacuum oven, the hydrothermal temperature is kept between 80 and 100 ℃, the reaction time is 5 to 12 hours, and precipitate TiO is obtained2(ii) a After the reaction product and the reaction vessel have cooled down, the precipitate is separated by centrifugationWashing with distilled water and ethanol for 4-5 times, centrifuging at 4000-2Powder;
step three: three-phase mixed TiO2Preparation of nano-powder
In the air atmosphere, adopting a muffle furnace with temperature programming control to convert the TiO prepared in the step two into TiO2Calcining the nano powder for 4-8h at 400 ℃ to obtain rutile, anatase and brookite three-phase mixed TiO2And (3) nano powder, wherein the calcining heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
2. The three-phase mixed nano TiO of claim 12The method for preparing (1) is characterized in that,
(1) using titanium tetrachloride as an initial raw material, adding 285g of deionized water into a 1L three-neck flask in an ice bath, then slowly adding 245g of titanium tetrachloride solution into the deionized water, simultaneously carrying out magnetic stirring, and continuously introducing nitrogen into the three-neck flask to prepare titanium oxychloride solution with the concentration of 3.6 mol/L;
(2) taking 50g of the titanium oxychloride solution prepared in the step (1), respectively adding 147.19g of deionized water and 0.49g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate powder to ensure that the molar ratio of zirconium ions to titanium ions is 1.23:100, putting the uniformly mixed solution into a closed hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing the kettle in a vacuum oven, keeping the hydrothermal temperature at 100 ℃, and reacting for 6 hours to obtain a precipitate TiO2(ii) a After the reaction product and the reaction kettle are cooled, centrifugally separating precipitates, washing the precipitates for 4-5 times by using distilled water and ethanol in sequence, centrifuging the precipitates at the rotating speed of 4000rpm, and finally drying the precipitates for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the nano TiO2Powder;
(3) in the air atmosphere, adopting a muffle furnace with temperature programming control to prepare the TiO2Calcining the nano powder for 4 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain the three-phase mixed TiO2And (3) nano powder, wherein the calcining heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
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