CN110540738A - 一种基于pla改性纤维的复合材料 - Google Patents

一种基于pla改性纤维的复合材料 Download PDF

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CN110540738A
CN110540738A CN201810519424.7A CN201810519424A CN110540738A CN 110540738 A CN110540738 A CN 110540738A CN 201810519424 A CN201810519424 A CN 201810519424A CN 110540738 A CN110540738 A CN 110540738A
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pla
vinegar
fiber
composite material
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笪俊杰
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Jurong Hua Guan Clothes Hat Factory
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Jurong Hua Guan Clothes Hat Factory
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F283/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F283/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polycarbonates or saturated polyesters
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/10Esters; Ether-esters
    • C08K5/101Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08K5/103Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/10Esters; Ether-esters
    • C08K5/11Esters; Ether-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L29/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L29/02Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C08L29/04Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/04Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/10Transparent films; Clear coatings; Transparent materials

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料,包括PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋。本发明所述的基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料具有回弹性优良的基材,复合材料弹性高、透明度高、断裂伸长率高。

Description

一种基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改性纤维复合材料,特别涉及一种基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料。
背景技术
聚乳酸纤维(PLA)是以玉米、小麦、甜菜等含淀粉的农产品为原料,经发酵生成乳酸后,再经缩聚和熔融纺丝制成.聚乳酸纤维是一种原料可种植、易种植,废弃物在自然界中可自然降解的合成纤维。它在土壤或海水中经微生物作用可分解为二氧化碳和水,燃烧时,不会散发毒气,不会造成污染,是一种可持续发展的生态纤维。其织物面料手感、悬垂性好,抗紫外线,具有较低的可燃性和优良的加工性能,适用于各种时装、休闲装、体育用品和卫生用品等,具有广阔的应用前景。
但是使用聚乳酸纤维合成的复合材料呈脆性,故需要对PLA进行改性,以获得优异的材料性能。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明提供了一种共混的PLA复合纤维材料,使得复合材料具有良好的韧性。
技术方案:本发明所述的一种基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料,包括PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋。
进一步地,所述PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋的质量比为10:0.5-1:1-2。
上述PLA改性纤维通过以下步骤制备:(1)将PLA与马来酸酐按照质量比为20-5:1加入溶剂A中混合,搅拌均匀,得反应体系A,将反应体系A在50-60℃下,反应15-20h;(2)将所得反应物A与聚乙烯醇按照质量比为10:1-2加入氯仿中,搅拌均匀,在50-60℃下反应24-48h;(3)将步骤(2)所得的反应物提纯,得PLA改性纤维。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述溶剂A为体积比为2-4:1的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与甲醇。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述反应体系A中滴加质量百分浓度为1-5%的十二烷基三甲基氯化铵水溶液。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述聚乙烯醇的分子量为300-500KDa。
进一步地,所述季铵盐水溶液与溶剂A的质量比为1-3:100。
有益效果:(1)本发明通过对PLA纤维的改性,获得回弹性优良的基材;(2)本发明基于改性的PLA与甘油三乙酸醋和柠檬酸三丁醋共混,获得弹性高、透明度高、断裂伸长率高的复合材料。
具体实施方式
一、PLA改性纤维的制备
将200gPLA与10g马来酸酐加入4000g溶剂A中混合,搅拌均匀,在60℃下搅拌,逐滴加入120g季铵盐水溶液,反应20h,反应完毕后,向反应体系中加入4000ml的80%乙醇溶液,将所得沉淀物过滤,烘干,得反应物A;将100g反应物A与聚乙烯醇20g加入500ml氯仿中,搅拌均匀,在60℃下反应48h,将反应物加入3000ml80%的乙醇,进行沉淀,提纯,干燥,得PLA改性纤维。
二、基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料的制备
实施例1:将所得的PLA改性纤维在紫外线下照射5min后,加入甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋混匀,拉伸得纤维成品,PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋的质量比为10:0.5:1。
实施例2:将所得的PLA改性纤维在紫外线下照射5min后,加入甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋混匀,拉伸得纤维成品,PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋的质量比为10:1:2。
实施例3:将所得的PLA改性纤维在紫外线下照射5min后,加入甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋混匀,拉伸得纤维成品,PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋的质量比为10:0.8:1.5。
对比例1:将所得的PLA改性纤维在紫外线下照射5min后,加入甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋混匀,拉伸得纤维成品,PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋质量比为10:0.8。
对比例2:将所得的PLA改性纤维在紫外线下照射5min后,加入甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋混匀,拉伸得纤维成品,PLA改性纤维、柠檬酸三丁醋的质量比为10:1.5。
三、结果检测
将实施例1-3及对比例所得的样品进行断裂伸长率的检测,检测结果见表1。
表1不同组分对改性纤维复合材料性能的影响
样品 断裂伸长率(%) Tg(℃)
实施例1 438 84
实施例2 437 78
实施例3 440 80
对比例1 308 94
对比例2 401 92
改性PLA 378 97
未经改性PLA 256 57
从表1的结果可以看出,增塑剂甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋的加入可以显著的增加PLA纤维的弹性,但是增塑剂的加入同时会降低材料的Tg温度,使得其加工过程中,纺丝的温度受限,造成PLA纤维降解。故甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋的加入量必须控制在一定范围内。从对比例1和对比例2的结果可以看出,甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋起到了增效作用,两者的结合可以很好的提高纤维的韧性及弹性。
从经过改性的PLA及未改性的PLA纤维可以看出,对PLA进行改进后,不仅纤维的脆性降低,整体提高及复合材料的力学性能,并且改性的PLA还可以很好地与其他活性成分相容,制备功能性复合材料。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料,其特征在于,包括PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料,其特征在于,所述PLA改性纤维、甘油三乙酸醋与柠檬酸三丁醋的质量比为10:0.5-1:1-2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于PLA改性纤维的复合材料,其特征在于,所述PLA改性纤维通过以下步骤制备:
(1)将PLA与马来酸酐按照质量比为20-5:1加入溶剂A中混合,搅拌均匀,得反应体系A,将反应体系A在50-60℃下,反应15-20h;
(2)将所得反应物A与聚乙烯醇按照质量比为10:1-2加入氯仿中,搅拌均匀,在50-60℃下反应24-48h;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的反应物提纯,得PLA改性纤维。
4.根据权利要求3所述的PLA改性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述溶剂A为体积比为2-4:1的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与甲醇。
5.根据权利要求3所述的PLA改性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述反应体系A中滴加质量百分浓度为1-5%的十二烷基三甲基氯化铵水溶液。
6.根据权利要求3所述的PLA改性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中,所述聚乙烯醇的分子量为300-500KDa。
7.根据权利要求5所述的PLA改性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述季铵盐水溶液与溶剂A的质量比为1-3:100。
CN201810519424.7A 2018-05-28 2018-05-28 一种基于pla改性纤维的复合材料 Withdrawn CN110540738A (zh)

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