CN110540479A - sludge recycling treatment method - Google Patents
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- CN110540479A CN110540479A CN201910890258.6A CN201910890258A CN110540479A CN 110540479 A CN110540479 A CN 110540479A CN 201910890258 A CN201910890258 A CN 201910890258A CN 110540479 A CN110540479 A CN 110540479A
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Abstract
a sludge recycling treatment method relates to a solid waste recycling method. The invention aims to solve the problems that the traditional sludge treatment method is difficult to recover heavy metal ions and wastes phosphorus resources. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a reaction precursor mixture; secondly, carrying out hydrothermal humification reaction; centrifuging the reaction product to obtain a liquid product I and a solid product I, wherein the liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; carrying out strong acid digestion on the solid product I, and then centrifuging to obtain a solid product II and a liquid product II; washing the solid product II to be neutral by using deionized water, and then drying in vacuum to obtain hydrothermal biochar; and adding a reducing agent into the liquid product II, and centrifuging to obtain a solid substance, namely the heavy metal. The liquid compound fertilizer and the hydrothermal biochar prepared by the invention are applied to quickly supplying the effective phosphorus content of soil and promoting the growth of plants.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to a method for recycling solid waste.
Background
the amount of sludge is continuously increasing due to the rapid development of sewage treatment plants. In foreign countries, the annual discharge amount (water content 80%) of wet sludge in 2014 exceeds 3000 ten thousand tons, and the trend of the annual discharge amount is rapidly increased. By 2020, the annual national sludge production will exceed 6000 million tons and the disposal efficiency is less than 33%, which puts tremendous pressure on the rapid, economical, safe large-scale treatment and utilization of sludge. It is noted that the sludge contains a significant amount of phosphorus, which can be an important source of phosphorus recovery. Phosphorus is an irreplaceable nutrient necessary for the growth of animals and plants. The plant phosphate resources in the world are limited, but the demand for phosphate fertilizers in agricultural production is continuously increased, so that the phosphate fertilizers can quickly become a limited resource. Therefore, in order to ensure increased crop yields and a food supply for the world population, it is necessary to investigate various sources and sustainable recycling of other phosphorus. On the other hand, municipal wastewater sludge contains a large amount of phosphorus, and therefore the present invention is directed to developing a technique for recovering phosphorus from such sludge to achieve a sustainable phosphorus cycle.
in addition, industrial sludge contains a large amount of heavy metal ions, which are difficult to recover by the traditional sludge disposal mode, and if the treatment is improper, the heavy metal ions are discharged into the environment and become a new pollution source. Therefore, the method has important significance for reasonably disposing the metal ions in the sludge and synchronously realizing the recycling of the industrial salt.
disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to solve the problems that the traditional sludge treatment method is difficult to recover heavy metal ions and wastes phosphorus resources, and provides a sludge resource treatment method.
a sludge recycling treatment method is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a reaction precursor mixture:
Mixing sludge and biomass powder, adding an alkaline assistant and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
The mass ratio of the sludge, the biomass powder, the alkaline assistant and the distilled water in the first step is (0.5-50): (0.1-5): 0.1-2): 0.1-30);
the alkaline auxiliary agent in the step one is one or a mixture of more of NaOH, KOH and a mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO 3; the mass ratio of Ca (OH)2 to NaCO3 in the mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 is 1: 1;
Secondly, hydrothermal humification reaction: placing the reaction precursor mixture in a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a reaction product;
centrifuging the reaction product to obtain a liquid product I and a solid product I, wherein the liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; carrying out strong acid digestion on the solid product I, and then centrifuging to obtain a solid product II and a liquid product II; washing the solid product II to be neutral by using deionized water, and then drying in vacuum to obtain hydrothermal biochar; adding a reducing agent into the liquid product II to react for 2-24 h, and then centrifuging to obtain a solid substance, namely the heavy metal, so as to finish a sludge recycling treatment method;
the ratio of the mass of the reducing agent in the third step to the volume of the liquid product II is (0.5 g-20 g): 20 mL-100 mL.
the principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of preparing the liquid compound fertilizer by using sludge and biomass as raw materials and adopting a novel hydrothermal humification and thermochemistry combined method through a one-step method, and realizing the preparation of hydrothermal biochar and the recovery of heavy metal industrial salt through subsequent treatment. The liquid compound fertilizer prepared by the invention is rich in phosphorus and humus, the phosphorus is in a soluble phosphate form which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, the proportion of the soluble phosphorus is 70-85%, and the content of the humus is 0.01-0.03%;
Secondly, decomposing and re-bonding glucose, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the biomass material under the action of an alkaline auxiliary agent and under the reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure to form fulvic acid and humic acid; along with the reaction, the formed humus etches the insoluble phosphorus source in the sludge to form a certain degree of activation, and in addition, the contained humus can effectively inhibit the re-fixation and deposition of the prepared phosphate fertilizer, thereby realizing the recovery of phosphorus with high availability;
Thirdly, biomass materials (such as straws, rice hulls and the like) are used as agricultural wastes, and the cost of resource treatment of sludge is reduced due to low price and easy obtaining;
The added biomass can partially participate in the formation of humus, the rest part of the added biomass can form hydrothermal biochar with a loose porous structure, and the liquid centrifugally separated after acidolysis is added with a reducing agent to form heavy metal solids for recovery;
fifthly, the sludge generally contains rich fat substances and is accompanied with odor, the invention realizes the recombination of the fat substances by a novel hydrothermal humification method, and synthesizes artificial humus by combining lignin, protein, micromolecular carbohydrate substances and the like;
Sixthly, the sludge and the biomass material are combined to prepare a liquid compound fertilizer and hydrothermal biochar through thermochemistry, the liquid compound fertilizer and the hydrothermal biochar are respectively added into soil in a single or combined mode, the content of humus and available phosphorus can be increased, the soil fertility is improved, the soil water and soil retention capacity can be improved, the absorption capacity of the soil on nutrient elements can be increased, the growth of typical crops is promoted, and the fresh weight and the dry weight of seedlings of plants are respectively 2-5 times and 2-4 times of those of a control group;
the preparation method is simple and convenient, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, so that the preparation method is suitable for large-batch synthesis and preparation;
the liquid compound fertilizer and the hydrothermal biochar prepared by the invention are applied to quickly supplying the effective phosphorus content of soil and promoting the growth of plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a liquid compound fertilizer prepared in example one;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a hydrothermal biochar prepared in example one;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the concentrations of soluble and available phosphorus in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding root biomass-activated sludge in example two;
FIG. 4 shows the concentrations of soluble and available phosphorus in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding root biomass activated sludge in the third example;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the concentrations of various heavy metals in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding a tree root biomass activated sludge according to example two, wherein 1 group of bar charts are representative of the concentrations of heavy metals in an original wet sludge, 2 groups of bar charts are representative of the concentrations of heavy metals in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared after activating sludge, a is Cu, b is Zn, c is Pb, and d is Hg;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the concentrations of various heavy metals in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in the third example, wherein 1 group of bar charts are representative of the concentrations of heavy metals in original wet sludge, 2 groups of bar charts are representative of the concentrations of heavy metals in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared after activating sludge, a is Cu, b is Zn, c is Pb, and d is Hg;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the growth of plants after the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding biomass activated sludge of corn stalks with that of a control group in example four, wherein 1 is a plant, 2 is a root, and 3 is a stem.
Detailed Description
the first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a sludge resource treatment method which is completed according to the following steps:
Firstly, preparing a reaction precursor mixture:
Mixing sludge and biomass powder, adding an alkaline assistant and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
the mass ratio of the sludge, the biomass powder, the alkaline assistant and the distilled water in the first step is (0.5-50): (0.1-5): 0.1-2): 0.1-30);
The alkaline auxiliary agent in the step one is one or a mixture of more of NaOH, KOH and a mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO 3; the mass ratio of Ca (OH)2 to NaCO3 in the mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 is 1: 1;
Secondly, hydrothermal humification reaction: placing the reaction precursor mixture in a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a reaction product;
Centrifuging the reaction product to obtain a liquid product I and a solid product I, wherein the liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; carrying out strong acid digestion on the solid product I, and then centrifuging to obtain a solid product II and a liquid product II; washing the solid product II to be neutral by using deionized water, and then drying in vacuum to obtain hydrothermal biochar; adding a reducing agent into the liquid product II to react for 2-24 h, and then centrifuging to obtain a solid substance, namely the heavy metal, so as to finish a sludge recycling treatment method;
The ratio of the mass of the reducing agent in the third step to the volume of the liquid product II is (0.5 g-20 g): 20 mL-100 mL.
the principle and advantages of the embodiment are as follows:
firstly, the embodiment takes sludge and biomass as raw materials, adopts a novel method combining hydrothermal humification and thermochemistry to prepare the obtained liquid compound fertilizer by a one-step method, and realizes the preparation of hydrothermal biochar and the recovery of heavy metal industrial salt through subsequent treatment. The liquid compound fertilizer prepared by the embodiment is rich in phosphorus and humus, the phosphorus is in a soluble phosphate form which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, the soluble phosphorus accounts for 70-85%, and the humus content is 0.01-0.03%;
secondly, decomposing and re-bonding glucose, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the biomass material under the action of an alkaline auxiliary agent and under the reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure to form fulvic acid and humic acid; along with the reaction, the formed humus etches the insoluble phosphorus source in the sludge to form a certain degree of activation, and in addition, the contained humus can effectively inhibit the re-fixation and deposition of the prepared phosphate fertilizer, thereby realizing the recovery of phosphorus with high availability;
Thirdly, biomass materials (such as straws, rice hulls and the like) are used as agricultural wastes, and the cost of resource treatment of sludge is reduced due to low price and easy obtaining;
the added biomass can partially participate in the formation of humus, the rest part of the added biomass can form hydrothermal biochar with a loose porous structure, and the liquid centrifugally separated after acidolysis is added with a reducing agent to form heavy metal solids for recovery;
fifthly, the sludge generally contains rich fat substances and is accompanied with odor, the embodiment realizes the recombination of the fat substances by a novel hydrothermal humification method, and synthesizes artificial humus by combining lignin, protein, micromolecular carbohydrate substances and the like;
Sixthly, the sludge and the biomass material are combined to prepare the liquid compound fertilizer and the hydrothermal biochar through thermochemistry, the liquid compound fertilizer and the hydrothermal biochar are respectively added into soil in a single or combined mode, the content of humus and available phosphorus can be increased, the soil fertility is improved, the soil water and soil retention capacity can be improved, the absorption capacity of the soil to nutrient elements can be increased, the growth of typical crops is promoted, and the fresh weight and the dry weight of seedlings of plants are respectively 2-5 times and 2-4 times of those of a control group;
the preparation method is simple and convenient, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, so that the preparation method is suitable for large-batch synthesis and preparation;
the liquid compound fertilizer and the hydrothermal biochar prepared by the embodiment are applied to quickly supplying the effective phosphorus content of soil and promoting the growth of plants.
the second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: the biomass powder in the first step is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning the biomass material to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, then drying, and finally crushing the dried biomass material to obtain biomass powder. Other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
the third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 10-30 h. The other steps are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
the fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: the biomass material is one or a mixture of several of corn straw, rice hull, leaves, tree roots and wood chips. The other steps are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
the fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the particle size of the biomass powder is 100-200 meshes. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments.
the sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: the hydrothermal reaction temperature in the second step is 160-200 ℃, the pressure of the hydrothermal reaction is 0.5-5 MPa, and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 16-28 h. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fifth embodiments.
the seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the centrifugal speed in the third step is 4000 r/min-12000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 5 min-30 min. The other steps are the same as those in the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to seventh embodiments is: the vacuum drying temperature in the third step is 60-80 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 18-24 h. The other steps are the same as those in the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between this embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is: the strong acid in the third step is sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 50-98%, hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 20-35%, perchloric acid with the mass fraction of 50-70%, hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10-37%, and nitric acid or aqua regia with the mass fraction of 60-70%. The other steps are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
the detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to ninth embodiments is as follows: the reducing agent in the third step is sodium sulfite, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, oxalic acid, potassium borohydride or sodium borohydride. The other steps are the same as those in the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
The first embodiment is as follows: a sludge recycling treatment method (adding wood chips to activate sludge to prepare liquid compound fertilizer) is completed according to the following steps:
Firstly, preparing a reaction precursor mixture:
mixing sludge and biomass powder, adding KOH and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
the mass ratio of the sludge, the biomass powder, the KOH and the distilled water in the step one is 19.2:4.6:1.0: 19.2;
The biomass powder in the first step is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning a biomass material for 5 times, removing impurities on the surface of the biomass material, then drying the biomass material at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 10 hours, and finally crushing the dried biomass material to obtain biomass powder with the particle size of 100 meshes; the biomass material is wood chips;
secondly, hydrothermal humification reaction: placing the reaction precursor mixture into a 50mL high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 200 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24h under the conditions of the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 3.0MPa to obtain a reaction product;
Centrifuging the reaction product at the centrifugal speed of 5000r/min for 20min to obtain a liquid product I and a solid product I, wherein the liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; carrying out strong acid digestion on the solid product I, wherein the strong acid is sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 50-98%, and then centrifuging for 30min at the centrifugal speed of 8000r/min to obtain a solid product II and a liquid product II; washing the solid product II to be neutral by using deionized water, and then carrying out vacuum drying for 18h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain hydrothermal biochar; adding sodium borohydride into the liquid product II to react for 6 hours, and then centrifuging for 20 minutes at the centrifugal speed of 10000r/min to obtain solid substances, namely heavy metals, thereby completing the sludge recycling treatment method;
the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent in the third step to the volume of the liquid product II is 0.5g to 30 mL.
Example one liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding wood chip biomass activated sludge has a soluble phosphate concentration of 962.3mg/L, an available phosphate concentration of 693.3mg/L, and a humus concentration of 0.18 mg/g.
example two: a sludge recycling treatment method (adding tree root activated sludge to prepare liquid compound fertilizer) is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a reaction precursor mixture:
mixing sludge and biomass powder, adding KOH and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
The mass ratio of the sludge, the biomass powder, the KOH and the distilled water in the step one is 12.5:5.0:1.0: 29.0;
The biomass powder in the first step is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning a biomass material for 5 times, removing impurities on the surface of the biomass material, then drying the biomass material for 20 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and finally crushing the dried biomass material to obtain biomass powder with the particle size of 100 meshes; the biomass material is tree root;
secondly, hydrothermal humification reaction: placing the reaction precursor mixture into a 50mL high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 200 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 20h under the conditions of the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 3.3MPa to obtain a reaction product;
Centrifuging the reaction product at the centrifugal speed of 6000r/min for 20min to obtain a liquid product I and a solid product I, wherein the liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; carrying out strong acid digestion on the solid product I, wherein the strong acid is nitric acid with the mass fraction of 65%, and then centrifuging for 20min at the centrifugal speed of 10000r/min to obtain a solid product II and a liquid product II; washing the solid product II to be neutral by using deionized water, and then carrying out vacuum drying for 18h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain hydrothermal biochar; adding oxalic acid into the liquid product II to react for 6 hours, and then centrifuging the mixture for 20 minutes at the centrifugal speed of 10000r/min to obtain solid matters, namely the heavy metals, thereby completing the sludge recycling treatment method;
the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent in the third step to the volume of the liquid product II is 0.8g:25 mL.
Example II the concentration of soluble phosphate in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding the root biomass activated sludge was 980.3mg/L, the concentration of available phosphate was 791.9mg/L, and the concentration of humus contained was 0.15 mg/g.
example three: a sludge recycling treatment method (adding tree root activated sludge to prepare liquid compound fertilizer) is completed according to the following steps:
Firstly, preparing a reaction precursor mixture:
mixing the sludge and the biomass powder, adding a mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
the mass ratio of the sludge, the biomass powder, the mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 and the distilled water in the step one is 4.2:0.8:1.0: 2.7;
in the mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 in the first step, the mass ratio of Ca (OH)2 to NaCO3 is 1: 1;
The biomass powder in the first step is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning a biomass material for 5 times, removing impurities on the surface of the biomass material, then drying the biomass material for 20 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and finally crushing the dried biomass material to obtain biomass powder with the particle size of 100 meshes; the biomass material is tree root;
secondly, hydrothermal humification reaction: placing the reaction precursor mixture into a 50mL high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 200 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 26h under the conditions of the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 2.8MPa to obtain a reaction product;
Centrifuging the reaction product at a centrifugal speed of 8000r/min for 20min to obtain a liquid product I and a solid product I, wherein the liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; carrying out strong acid digestion on the solid product I, wherein the strong acid is nitric acid with the mass fraction of 70%, and then centrifuging for 20min at the centrifugal speed of 10000r/min to obtain a solid product II and a liquid product II; washing the solid product II to be neutral by using deionized water, and then carrying out vacuum drying for 18h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain hydrothermal biochar; adding sodium borohydride into the liquid product II to react for 10 hours, and then centrifuging the mixture for 25 minutes at the centrifugal speed of 7000r/min to obtain solid substances, namely the heavy metals, thereby completing the sludge recycling treatment method;
the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent in the third step to the liquid product II is 0.6g:33 mL.
example III the concentration of soluble phosphate in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding the root biomass activated sludge was 10.01g/L, the concentration of available phosphate was 6.64g/L, and the concentration of humic substances contained was 0.15 mg/g.
example four: a sludge recycling treatment method (adding corn straw to activate sludge to prepare liquid compound fertilizer) is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a reaction precursor mixture:
Mixing the sludge and the biomass powder, adding a mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
the mass ratio of the sludge, the biomass powder, the mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 and the distilled water in the step one is 2.1:0.4:1.0: 1.4;
in the mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 in the first step, the mass ratio of Ca (OH)2 to NaCO3 is 1: 1;
the biomass powder in the first step is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning a biomass material for 5 times, removing impurities on the surface of the biomass material, then drying the biomass material at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 10 hours, and finally crushing the dried biomass material to obtain biomass powder with the particle size of 100 meshes; the biomass material is corn stalks;
secondly, hydrothermal humification reaction: placing the reaction precursor mixture into a 50mL high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 200 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 28h under the conditions of the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 2.9MPa to obtain a reaction product;
Centrifuging the reaction product at the centrifugal speed of 7500r/min for 20min to obtain a liquid product I and a solid product I, wherein the liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; carrying out strong acid digestion on the solid product I, wherein the strong acid is aqua regia, and centrifuging for 25min at the centrifugal speed of 10000r/min to obtain a solid product II and a liquid product II; washing the solid product II to be neutral by using deionized water, and then carrying out vacuum drying for 18h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain hydrothermal biochar; adding sodium borohydride into the liquid product II to react for 10 hours, and then centrifuging the mixture for 25 minutes at the centrifugal speed of 7000r/min to obtain solid substances, namely the heavy metals, thereby completing the sludge recycling treatment method;
The ratio of the mass of the reducing agent in the third step to the volume of the liquid product II is 0.7g:30 mL.
Example four the concentration of soluble phosphate in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding the corn stalk biomass activated sludge is 2693.3mg/L, the concentration of available phosphate is 986.5mg/L, and the concentration of humus contained in the liquid compound fertilizer is 0.20 mg/g. The dry weight of the corn seedlings, the dry weight of the root systems and the dry weight of the stems and leaves after the corn seedlings added with the liquid compound fertilizer prepared in the fourth example grow for 25 days are respectively 2.38, 2.25 and 2.4 times of those of the control group.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a liquid compound fertilizer prepared in example one;
From fig. 1, it can be seen that the liquid compound fertilizer prepared in the first example has a black color and no obvious odor.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a hydrothermal biochar prepared in example one;
it can be seen from fig. 2 that the hydrothermal biochar prepared in example one exhibited a dark brown, powdery solid.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the concentrations of soluble and available phosphorus in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding root biomass-activated sludge in example two;
as can be seen from FIG. 3, the soluble phosphorus concentration and the available phosphorus concentration of the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding the root biomass and the KOH-activated sludge were 980.3mg/L and 791.9mg/L, respectively.
FIG. 4 shows the concentrations of soluble and available phosphorus in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding root biomass activated sludge in the third example;
as can be seen from FIG. 4, the concentration of soluble phosphate in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding the mixture of root biomass, Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 to the activated sludge was 10.01g/L, and the available phosphate was 6.64 g/L.
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the concentrations of various heavy metals in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding a tree root biomass activated sludge according to example two, wherein 1 group of bar charts are representative of the concentrations of heavy metals in an original wet sludge, 2 groups of bar charts are representative of the concentrations of heavy metals in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared after activating sludge, a is Cu, b is Zn, c is Pb, and d is Hg;
as can be seen from FIG. 5, the content of typical heavy metals in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding the tree root biomass and KOH activated sludge is significantly reduced compared with the content of heavy metals in the original wet sludge, wherein the concentration of Cu ions is reduced from 4.2mg/L to 44.2. mu.g/L, the concentration of Zn ions is reduced from 7.6mg/L to 3.1mg/L, the concentration of Pb ions is reduced from 528.1. mu.g/L to 71.1. mu.g/L, and the concentration of Hg ions is reduced from 83.1. mu.g/L to 8.5. mu.g/L.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the concentrations of various heavy metals in a liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in the third example, wherein 1 group of bar charts are representative of the concentrations of heavy metals in original wet sludge, 2 groups of bar charts are representative of the concentrations of heavy metals in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared after activating sludge, a is Cu, b is Zn, c is Pb, and d is Hg;
as can be seen from FIG. 6, the content of typical heavy metals in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding the tree root biomass and Ca (OH)2+ Na2CO3 activated sludge is obviously reduced compared with the content of heavy metals in the original wet sludge, wherein the Cu ion concentration is reduced from 4.2mg/L to 13.9. mu.g/L, the Zn ion concentration is reduced from 7.6mg/L to 97.2. mu.g/L, the Pb ion concentration is reduced from 528.1. mu.g/L to 29.6. mu.g/L, and the Hg ion concentration is reduced from 83.1. mu.g/L to 36.1. mu.g/L.
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the growth of plants after the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding biomass activated sludge of corn stalks with that of a control group in example four, wherein 1 is a plant, 2 is a root, and 3 is a stem.
from fig. 7, it can be seen that the dry weight of the seedlings, the dry weight of the root system and the dry weight of the stem leaves of the corn seedlings after 25 days of growth after the corn stalk activated sludge is added to the liquid compound fertilizer is 2.38 times, 2.25 times and 2.4 times of the control group respectively.
Claims (10)
1. A sludge resource treatment method is characterized in that the sludge resource treatment method is completed according to the following steps:
Firstly, preparing a reaction precursor mixture:
Mixing sludge and biomass powder, adding an alkaline assistant and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
the mass ratio of the sludge, the biomass powder, the alkaline assistant and the distilled water in the first step is (0.5-50): (0.1-5): 0.1-2): 0.1-30);
the alkaline auxiliary agent in the step one is one or a mixture of more of NaOH, KOH and a mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO 3; the mass ratio of Ca (OH)2 to NaCO3 in the mixture of Ca (OH)2 and Na2CO3 is 1: 1;
secondly, hydrothermal humification reaction: placing the reaction precursor mixture in a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a reaction product;
centrifuging the reaction product to obtain a liquid product I and a solid product I, wherein the liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; carrying out strong acid digestion on the solid product I, and then centrifuging to obtain a solid product II and a liquid product II; washing the solid product II to be neutral by using deionized water, and then drying in vacuum to obtain hydrothermal biochar; adding a reducing agent into the liquid product II to react for 2-24 h, and then centrifuging to obtain a solid substance, namely the heavy metal, so as to finish a sludge recycling treatment method;
the ratio of the mass of the reducing agent in the third step to the volume of the liquid product II is (0.5 g-20 g): 20 mL-100 mL.
2. the method for recycling sludge according to claim 1, wherein the biomass powder in the first step is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning the biomass material to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, then drying, and finally crushing the dried biomass material to obtain biomass powder.
3. the method for recycling sludge as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the drying time is 10-30 h.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the biomass material is one or a mixture of corn stalks, rice hulls, leaves, tree roots and wood chips.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the biomass powder has a particle size of 100 to 200 meshes.
6. the method for recycling sludge according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature in the second step is 160 ℃ to 200 ℃, the pressure of the hydrothermal reaction is 0.5MPa to 5MPa, and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 16h to 28 h.
7. the method for recycling sludge according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugation speed in step three is 4000r/min to 12000r/min, and the centrifugation time is 5min to 30 min.
8. the method for recycling sludge according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum drying temperature in step three is 60-80 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 18-24 hours.
9. the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the strong acid in the third step is 50-98% by mass of sulfuric acid, 20-35% by mass of hydrofluoric acid, 50-70% by mass of perchloric acid, 10-37% by mass of hydrochloric acid, 60-70% by mass of nitric acid or aqua regia.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent in step three is sodium sulfite, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, oxalic acid, potassium borohydride or sodium borohydride.
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