CN110532683B - Debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress, which determines channel longitudinal gradient, debris flow depth and debris flow positive pressure stress of a debris flow channel through field investigation, field measurement and other means of channel characteristics of the debris flow channel and a theoretical mechanical method, and brings obtained parameters into a determined debris flow volume weight calculation formula to obtain a debris flow volume weight predicted value when the debris flow is at a designed flow depth. The method is suitable for real-time dynamic prediction of the volume weight of the debris flow, and compared with the prior art, the method combines field investigation and theoretical analysis of the debris flow gully to convert the debris flow basin parameters of the debris flow gully into the volume weight of the debris flow, can more accurately obtain the volume weight characteristic value of the debris flow, provides a basis for prediction and prevention of the debris flow, is simple and efficient to use, and can meet the requirement of geological disaster prevention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of debris flow prevention engineering design and application, in particular to a debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress.
Background
The geological disasters in China are various and widely distributed, and particularly landslides, collapses, unstable slopes, debris flows and the like in the southwest area of China after Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquake. The geological disaster prevention and early warning requirements are faster, and the accuracy requirement is higher.
Under the condition of strong rainfall, the rapid catchment in the debris flow area forms surface runoff with a certain flow depth, erodes a debris flow solid source, further induces the debris flow process, and seriously threatens the urban construction of the gully, traffic facilities and the life and property safety of people. Parameters such as volume weight, flow rate, volume weight, flow and washout quantity of the debris flow are main important indexes for monitoring and early warning of the debris flow, wherein the volume weight of the debris flow is not only an important kinetic parameter of the debris flow, but also one of important parameters required by debris flow prevention engineering design.
At present, the volume weight of the debris flow is mainly obtained by timed mechanical sampling and manual sampling when the debris flow is burst, or by volume weight experiments after the debris flow disaster. The debris flow incidents occur almost every year in the western mountainous areas of China in rainfall seasons, and debris flow watersheds in the western mountainous areas have the characteristics of small watershed area, large channel longitudinal ratio drop and the like, so that the work difficulty of field investigation and measurement of the debris flow is high, the work risk is high, the workload is heavy, the accuracy of the monitoring of the volume weight of the debris flow is low, the work period is long, and the rapid prevention and treatment of the debris flow cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing debris flow volume weight monitoring is not timely, and the existing debris flow volume weight calculation method causes the volume weight of the debris flow to be smaller than the actual volume weight value of the debris flow, so that the time lag and the accuracy of the debris flow volume weight monitoring are low, and the requirements of rapid prevention and treatment of the debris flow cannot be met.
The invention provides a debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress, which solves the problems, solves the relationship between the flow depth and the compressive stress of the debris flow and debris flow volume weight parameters, constructs a debris flow volume weight prediction model based on the debris flow depth, channel longitudinal gradient and the compressive stress under the corresponding flow depth condition, performs example application, provides a new method for early warning and prevention of the debris flow volume weight, and is suitable for the requirements of debris flow prevention and treatment engineering design.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress comprises the following steps:
a: obtaining debris flow channels and debris flow parameters, wherein the debris flow channels and the debris flow parameters comprise the flow depth H of the debris flow, the positive pressure stress G on the unit gully bed area of the debris flow when the debris flow is at the flow depth H, and the gradient alpha of the debris flow channels;
b: b, calculating the volume weight of the debris flow according to the debris flow channel and the debris flow parameters obtained in the step A, and performing real-time dynamic prediction, wherein the volume weight calculation of the debris flow adopts the following formula;
wherein gamma is the volume weight (KN/m) of the debris flow 3 ) H is the flow depth (m) of the debris fluid, G is the positive pressure stress (KN) of the debris flow on the unit gully bed area of the debris flow at the flow depth H, alpha is the gradient (°) of the debris flow gully, delta A is the unit gully bed cross-sectional area of the debris fluid at the flow depth H, and Delta A =1m 2 。
The working principle is as follows: based on the existing mud-rock flow volume weight monitoring lag and low precision, the existing mud-rock flow volume weight calculation method causes the volume weight of the mud-rock flow to be smaller than the actual volume weight value thereof, so that the accuracy of the mud-rock flow volume weight monitoring is low, the working period is long, and the requirements of rapid prevention and treatment of the mud-rock flow cannot be met. The method adopts the scheme to apply the watershed characteristics of the debris flow gully and the flow depth of the debris flow to debris flow volume weight prediction, and obtains the debris flow volume weight through debris flow gully watershed parameters; the invention combines the flow depth of the debris flow and the positive pressure stress on the gully bed under the corresponding flow depth condition to construct a debris flow volume weight calculation model based on the flow depth and the pressure stress of the gully. Firstly, in the aspect of the property of a debris flow basin, the channel longitudinal gradient of a debris flow gully is influenced by the topography of the basin, and the flow velocity of the debris flow is quantitatively reflected by utilizing the longitudinal gradient of the debris flow gully; secondly, in the aspect of the flow depth property of the debris flow gully, the relationship between the flow speed and the volume weight of the debris flow is reflected quantitatively by utilizing the flow depth parameter characteristics of the debris flow gully. The relation between the flow depth and the compressive stress of the debris flow is analyzed according to a theoretical analysis principle, and a debris flow volume weight calculation model is quickly established according to the theoretical analysis principle.
The model formula constructed by the invention considers the flow depth of the debris flow and the positive pressure stress parameter borne by the gully bed under the corresponding flow depth condition, is used for calculating the volume weight of the debris flow, and can use the obtained volume weight of the debris flow as the maximum volume weight of the debris flow prevention engineering design, thereby avoiding the problem that the volume weight of the debris flow is smaller than the actual volume weight value thereof caused by the conventional debris flow volume weight calculation method.
Further, in the debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress, in the step A, debris flow channels and debris flow parameters are obtained by the following steps:
a1: the method comprises the following steps that flow depth monitors and pressure monitors are distributed in a debris flow channel along the flow direction, specifically, the flow depth monitors correspond to the pressure monitors one by one, and a group of corresponding flow depth monitors and the pressure monitors are located in the same vertical direction in the channel;
a2: the flow depth H of the debris fluid is monitored by a flow depth monitor, and the positive pressure stress G on the unit ditch bed area of the debris fluid in the flow depth H is monitored by a pressure monitor.
Further, according to the debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the channel flow depth and the compressive stress, the longitudinal gradient i of the channel is easy to obtain, and the gradient alpha = arctani of the debris flow channel in the step A is calculated by obtaining the longitudinal gradient i of the channel, so that the acquisition and the subsequent use of parameters are more convenient. Wherein: the channel longitudinal gradient i refers to the height difference of the debris flow channel along the flow direction compared with the projection (namely, the horizontal distance) of the corresponding channel length, and is called as the channel longitudinal gradient, and the channel longitudinal gradient i can be further calculated by measuring the height difference of the debris flow channel along the flow direction and the projection (namely, the horizontal distance) of the corresponding channel length.
Further, in the debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the channel flow depth and the compressive stress, the formula for determining the debris flow volume weight in the step B is suitable for predicting the debris flow channel volume weight of which the debris flow channel gradient is more than 20 degrees.
Further, in the debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress, the formula for determining the debris flow volume weight in the step B is suitable for debris flow channel volume weight calculation, and the obtained debris flow volume weight is used as the maximum volume weight of debris flow prevention engineering design.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method is suitable for real-time dynamic prediction of the volume weight of the debris flow, and compared with the prior art, the method combines field investigation and theoretical analysis of the debris flow gully, converts the debris flow basin parameters of the debris flow gully into the volume weight of the debris flow, can more accurately obtain the volume weight characteristic value of the debris flow, provides a basis for prediction and prevention of the debris flow, is simple and efficient to use, and can meet the requirement of geological disaster prevention;
2. the method is suitable for predicting the volume weight of the debris flow channel with the slope of more than 20 degrees in the earthquake area, has high calculation accuracy, provides a new method for early warning and prevention of the volume weight of the debris flow, and meets the requirement of debris flow prevention engineering design.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of depth monitors and pressure monitors arranged in a debris flow gully along the flow direction.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the stress characteristics of the debris flow according to the invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the figures:
1-a flow depth monitor, 2-a pressure monitor and 3-a debris flow gully bed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress, and a debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress, mainly include: and applying the watershed characteristics of the debris flow gully and the debris flow depth parameter characteristics to debris flow volume weight prediction. Firstly, field measurement is carried out to determine the longitudinal gradient of a debris flow channel, the theoretical analysis principle is used for determining the parameter relation among debris flow depth, channel longitudinal gradient, debris flow volume weight and the like, on the basis, a debris flow volume weight model is deduced through the theoretical mechanics principle, and then the channel longitudinal gradient and the debris flow depth of the debris flow channel are obtained through the field investigation and measurement of the debris flow channel; and substituting the obtained parameters into a calculation model of the volume weight of the debris flow to obtain a predicted value of the volume weight of the typical debris flow gully.
The specific calculation method and steps are as follows:
1) Obtaining the average longitudinal gradient i of the debris flow channel and the debris flow depth H according to field investigation of the debris flow channel;
2) According to field investigation of the debris flow, flow depth monitors 1 and pressure monitors 2 are distributed in the debris flow channel in the flow direction, specifically, the flow depth monitors correspond to the pressure monitors one by one, and a group of corresponding flow depth monitors and the pressure monitors are located in the same vertical direction in the channel, as shown in fig. 1, the flow depth H of the debris flow and the pressure stress G under the corresponding flow depth condition are obtained in the debris flow process;
3) Monitoring the flow depth H of the debris fluid by a flow depth monitor 1, and monitoring the positive pressure stress G of the debris flow gully bed 3 in unit area by a pressure monitor 2 when the debris fluid is in the flow depth H; calculating the slope alpha = arctani of the debris flow channel, wherein i is the longitudinal gradient of the channel;
4) According to the stress characteristic analysis of the debris flow, as shown in fig. 2, the compressive stress G of the debris flow in unit area when the flow depth is H is obtained;
(1) In the formula, H is the debris flow depth in m; a is the cross-sectional area of the debris flow in the vertical direction and the unit m 2 (ii) a Alpha is mudstoneFlow channel slope, in degrees; g is the positive pressure stress of the debris flow in unit area at the flow depth H, and the unit is KN; gamma is the volume weight of the debris flow and the unit KN/m 3 。
5) Determining the volume weight gamma of the debris flow according to the obtained parameters and the following formula according to the formula (1) and the unit KN/m 3 ；
(2) Wherein gamma is the unit KN/m of the volume weight of debris flow 3 (ii) a H is the depth of the debris flow in m; alpha is the slope of the debris flow channel in unit degree; g is the positive pressure stress of the unit area of the debris flow at the flow depth H, and the unit KN; Δ A is the unit cross-sectional area of the trench bed at the flow depth H, Δ A =1, unit m 2 ；
The volume weight formula of the debris flow gully determined in the formula (2) is suitable for volume weight prediction of debris flow, and the obtained volume weight of the debris flow is used as the maximum volume weight value of the debris flow gully, so that the problem that the debris flow prevention and control project fails due to the fact that the debris flow prevention and control design cannot meet the actual requirement due to the low volume weight design value of the debris flow is effectively solved.
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention:
in order to verify the correctness and the practicability of a volume weight calculation model of debris flow, a Fortunella debris flow gully in Wenchuan earthquake area is selected as a research object, the Fortunella gully is subjected to debris flow process in 7-10.7-2013, the characteristics of the debris flow gully are shown in Table 1, effective prediction is carried out according to the characteristics of longitudinal gradient and depth of a channel, and the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
a: parameters of the Futang debris flow gully, such as watershed characteristics, longitudinal gradient of the gully, depth of debris flow, volume weight of the debris flow and the like of a circulation area and a stacking area of the debris flow gully are obtained through investigation and measurement of the on-site debris flow gully, wherein the parameters of the debris flow gully are described in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 Futang debris flow gully parameter table
B: substituting the parameters determined in the step A into a formula
Wherein the meaning of each parameter symbol is the same as the previous one, and the positive pressure stress per unit area is 21.04 and the unit KN/m is determined when the debris flow depth of the flow area of the Futang ditch is 2m 3 。
Calculating and obtaining the volume weight of the debris flow in the Futang ditch accumulation area by the step B to be 21.04KN/m 3 Comparing the volume weight of the observed value of the Futang debris flow gully at the position of the circulation area with 18.8KN/m 3 And the error of the debris flow volume weight calculation model analyzed in the flow-through area is 13.9%, and because the calculation result has applicability when the error range is less than 50%, the debris flow volume weight calculation model based on the channel flow depth and the compressive stress has certain practical value.
The model formula constructed by the invention considers the debris flow depth and the pressure stress parameter borne by the debris flow gully bed 3 under the corresponding flow depth condition, is used for calculating the volume weight of the debris flow, and can use the obtained volume weight of the debris flow as the maximum volume weight of the debris flow prevention engineering design, thereby avoiding the problem that the volume weight of the debris flow is smaller than the actual volume weight value thereof caused by the conventional debris flow volume weight calculation method.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a: obtaining debris flow channels and debris flow parameters, wherein the debris flow channels and the debris flow parameters comprise the flow depth H of debris flow, the positive pressure stress G of the debris flow on the unit gully bed area when the flow depth H is high, the longitudinal gradient i of the channels and the gradient alpha of the debris flow channels;
b: b, calculating the volume weight of the debris flow according to the debris flow channel and the debris flow parameters obtained in the step A, and performing real-time dynamic prediction, wherein the volume weight calculation of the debris flow adopts the following formula;
wherein gamma is the volume weight of the debris flow, H is the flow depth of the debris flow, G is the positive pressure stress of the debris flow on the unit gully bed area when the flow depth H is reached, alpha is the gradient of the debris flow gully, delta A is the unit gully bed cross-sectional area when the flow depth H is reached, delta A =1m 2 ；
And C, in the step A, the slope alpha = arctani of the debris flow channel, wherein i is the longitudinal gradient of the channel.
2. The debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the channel flow depth and the compressive stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steps of obtaining the debris flow channel and the debris flow parameters in the step A are as follows:
a1: arranging a flow depth monitor and a pressure monitor in the debris flow channel along the flow direction;
a2: the flow depth H of the debris flow is monitored by a flow depth monitor, and the positive pressure stress G of the debris flow in unit gully bed area is monitored by a pressure monitor when the flow depth H is measured.
3. The debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step A1, the flow depth monitors correspond to the pressure monitors one by one, and a group of corresponding flow depth monitors and pressure monitors are positioned in the same vertical direction in the channel.
4. The debris flow volume weight calculation method based on channel flow depth and compressive stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: and B, determining the volume weight of the debris flow by using a formula in the step B, wherein the formula is suitable for predicting the volume weight of the debris flow channel with the debris flow channel gradient of more than 20 degrees.
5. The debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the channel flow depth and the compressive stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and B, determining the volume weight of the debris flow by using a formula suitable for calculating the volume weight of the debris flow gully flow area in the step B, and taking the obtained volume weight of the debris flow as the maximum volume weight of the debris flow prevention engineering design.
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