CN107169252B - Seismic region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on debris flow solid particle size - Google Patents
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Abstract
the invention discloses an earthquake region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on debris flow solid particle size, which determines the channel longitudinal gradient J, debris flow depth h, channel gradient α and, debris flow solid particle volume weight gamma of a debris flow ditch through the means of field investigation, measurement, sampling, debris flow ditch characteristic parameter extraction and the like of a debris flow ditch in Wenchuan earthquake regionsviscosity coefficient η of the slurry-rock fluid, particle diameter d of solid particles of the slurry-rock flowi(ii) a Compared with the prior art, the method is based on strict theoretical derivation, can reasonably and accurately reflect the mud-rock flow volume weight with low content of sticky particles in the Wenchuan earthquake region, provides a theoretical basis for the mud-rock flow prevention design in post-disaster reconstruction of the earthquake region, has high calculation result precision, and meets the actual engineering requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of debris flow prevention engineering design and application, and particularly relates to a seismic area debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the solid particle size of debris flow.
Background
After a '5.12' Wenchuan earthquake, a large amount of secondary earthquake disasters are induced in a strong earthquake area, debris flow events of different scales are outbreak in the strong earthquake area every year, wherein in the processes of '9.26' in 2008, '8.13' in 2010, '7.03' in 2011, '7.10' in 2013 and '7.05' in 2016, large-scale mass-produced debris flow disasters are outbreak in the strong earthquake area, serious personnel injury and huge economic loss are brought to the strong earthquake area, huge damage is also brought to a post-earthquake reconstruction project, and the high-incidence period of the debris flow disasters is also brought to 10-15 years after the earthquake. Effective prevention and control of debris flow prevention and control projects are necessary to ensure the sustainable development of economy in Wenchuan earthquake areas.
The volume weight characteristic of the debris flow is one of main parameters of debris flow dynamics parameters and is also one of main parameters of debris flow prevention engineering design. For example, in the 7.10-year 7.3 extra-large rainstorm period, debris flow occurs in 3 channels of debris flow on the hillside surface after 1 group of sheep shops, debris flow sources mainly comprise broken stone, block stone and sand particles which are stacked, the particle size range is 10-30 cm, sand and powdered clay are filled, and the volume of the debris flow is obtained through a field preparation method and a table look-up method respectivelyThe weight is 19.6KN/m3And 17.2KN/m3The volume weight obtained by the percentage of the agglomerates and the percentage of the coarse particles is about 16.8KN/m3. The cattle pen ditches are subjected to large-scale debris flow during the flood disasters of 9 and 26 in 2008 and 8 and 14 in 2010, wherein the amount of eroded sources is 17.15 multiplied by 104m3And 14.87X 104m3The loose solid source of the debris flow of the cowshed ditch mainly comprises broken stones, and the volume weight of the debris flow obtained by the field preparation method is 17.8KN/m3The volume weight obtained by the percentage of the agglomerates and the percentage of the coarse particles is about 16.4KN/m3。
The volume weight of the debris flow reflects the correlation between the solid particle content and the moisture content of the fluid of the debris flow, different volume weights of the debris flow reflect the internal stress condition, the carrying condition, the rainfall condition of the debris flow, and the like, and the current volume weight of the debris flow mainly depends on the accumulated percentage content of the solid particles (more than 2mm) and the accumulated percentage content of the sticky particles (less than 0.05mm) of the debris flow. Wenchuan earthquake area mud-rock flow ditch thing source is mainly loose rock-soil body granule, and the clay grain content is extremely low, and mud-rock flow unit weight calculation method based on mud-rock flow coarse grain and clay grain cumulative percentage content results in the unit weight of mud-rock flow for its actual unit weight value is littleer for the dynamics parameter of the prevention and cure engineering design in-process of mud-rock flow is low excessively, can not satisfy the needs of earthquake area mud-rock flow prevention and cure engineering design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the earthquake area debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the debris flow solid particle size is provided, the relation between solid particles and debris flow volume weight in the debris flow outbreak process of the strong earthquake area is solved, a debris flow volume weight prediction model based on the debris flow solid particle size is constructed, and example application is carried out, so that a new method is provided for debris flow early warning prediction and prevention and control, and the method is suitable for the requirements of debris flow prevention and control practical engineering.
the technical scheme implementation mode of the invention is that the earthquake region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the debris flow solid particle size, the debris flow gully of the earthquake region comprises a trench ① and debris flow ② moving on the trench, and the earthquake region debris flow volume weight prediction calculation method is characterized in that the solid particle size of the earthquake region debris flow is applied to debris flow volume weight calculation, and comprises the following steps:
A. obtaining the debris flow depth h (m) of the debris flow gully in the earthquake area, obtaining the channel gradient α (°) of the gully and the longitudinal gradient J (‰) of the gully by large-scale mapping of the debris flow gully, and obtaining the solid particle size d of the debris flow through debris flow sampling and screeningi(mm), volume weight of solid particles in debris flow gammas(KN/m3) determining a coefficient n of fluid roughness of the debris flow according to the condition of the debris flow gully bed, and determining a viscosity coefficient η (Pa & s) of the debris flow through field temperature investigation during debris flow outbreak;
B. determining the unit weight gamma (KN/m) of the debris flow in the seismic area by the following formula3)，
γ＝(4γSπdmax-9πηv)/(4π+6cosα)
In the formula (d)maxthe diameter (mm) of the maximum solid particles of the debris flow, v is the flow speed (m/s) of the torrential flow, η is the viscosity coefficient (Pa · s) of.
According to the earthquake region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the debris flow solid particle size, the formula for determining the earthquake region debris flow volume weight in the step B is suitable for the prevention and control engineering design of the earthquake region debris flow gully, and the obtained debris flow volume weight is used as the minimum debris flow volume weight parameter of the debris flow prevention and control engineering design.
According to the earthquake region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the debris flow solid particle size, the formula for determining the earthquake region debris flow volume weight in the step B is suitable for debris flow volume weight prediction of a debris flow ditch with the content of low-viscosity particles of less than 0.05mm in Wenchuan earthquake region and the gradation width of debris flow solid particles of more than 2 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method breaks through the limitation of a traditional empirical statistical model, starts with the stress characteristics of the debris flow particles in the debris flow, constructs the stress characteristics in the flow direction and the vertical flow direction through the static force limit balance condition of the debris flow solid particles during the migration of the debris flow, fully considers the influence of different viscosity conditions formed by different bulk weights of the debris flow on the migration of the debris flow particles, reflects the mutual relation between the particle size of the solid particles in the debris flow with low particle content in the Wenchuan earthquake area and the bulk weight of the debris flow according to local conditions, has perfect calculation theory, has the calculation result in accordance with the field investigation of the debris flow, can provide technical support for the design parameters of the debris flow control engineering in the Wenchuan earthquake area, and avoids the failure of the debris flow control engineering due to the fact that the actual requirement cannot be met by the low bulk weight design value, and further causes the failure of the debris flow control engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a debris flow channel accumulation stress analysis.
the marks in the figure are that firstly, the channel is a channel, secondly, the mud stone fluid is HYIs the depth of the solid particles in the debris flow, H is the depth of the debris flow, dfYIs the viscous force of the debris flow, dFFIs the floating stress of the debris flow, dP is the pressure difference of the debris flow, dGYIs the dead weight stress of the solid particles of the debris flow.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments will be made in further detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting.
an earthquake region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on debris flow solid particle size comprises a trench and debris flow ② moving on the trench, the solid particle size of the earthquake region debris flow is applied to debris flow volume weight calculation, the method mainly comprises the steps of firstly drawing a debris flow solid particle stress schematic diagram according to stress balance of the earthquake region debris flow solid particles in the debris flow, analyzing driving force conditions and resistance conditions in the movement process of the debris flow solid particles, then deducing debris flow volume weight when the debris flow solid particles move according to theoretical mechanics, determining debris flow depth, trench gradient, trench longitudinal ratio drop and debris flow roughness coefficient of the debris flow solid particle size through investigation, sampling and screening of the debris flow trench with debris flow events in the earthquake region, measuring characteristic parameters of the debris flow and the like, and bringing the obtained parameters into an earthquake region debris flow volume weight calculation model to obtain a debris flow volume weight prediction value.
The earthquake region debris flow volume weight prediction calculation method comprises the following steps:
firstly, drawing a stress schematic diagram of the debris flow solid particles according to the stress balance of the debris flow solid particles in the debris flow in the seismic region, and analyzing the driving force condition and the resistance condition in the movement process of the debris flow solid particlesiAs shown in FIG. 1, the gravity stress dG to which the solid particles of the debris flow are subjectedYStress of buoyancy dFFViscous force dfYThe formula is expressed as:
in the formula, gammasIs the volume weight (KN/m) of solid particles in the debris flow3) And gamma is the volume weight (KN/m) of the mud-rock fluid3)，dmaxis the maximum solid particle size (mm) in the debris fluid, and η is the viscosity coefficient (Pa · s) of the debris flow.
Then, when the torrential flood debris flow moves, because of the flow velocity equal difference along the flow direction, the pressure difference resistance exists, and the pressure difference resistance formula formed by the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the torrential flood debris flow solid particles obtained according to the Bernoulli effect is expressed as follows:
dP＝P2-P1＝ρg(H1-H2)＝2γdmax………………………(2)
where ρ is the density of the slurry flow (Kg/m)3)，H1And H2The flow depth (m) of the overlying surface and the underlying surface of the solid particles of the debris flow, and g is the gravity acceleration (m/s)2)。
Then, assuming that the velocity difference of the solid particles of the torrential torrent and debris flow in the direction of the vertical flow direction is zero, it is addedSpeed aYAnd if the volume weight of the torrential flood debris flow is zero, the relation formula of the volume weight of the torrential flood debris flow and the solid particles is expressed as follows:
aY＝dGY-dFF-dfY-cosαdP＝0………………………(3)
namely:
γ＝(4γSπdmax-9πηv)/(4π+6cosα)……………………(4)
in the formula (d)maxthe diameter (mm) of the maximum solid particles of the debris flow, v is the flow speed (m/s) of the torrential flow, α is the gradient (°) of a channel of a debris flow channel, η is the viscosity coefficient (Pa & s) of fluid, η is 1.005.
And B, determining the volume weight of the debris flow in the earthquake area according to the formula in the step B, wherein the formula is suitable for the prevention and treatment engineering design of the debris flow gully in the earthquake area, and the obtained volume weight of the debris flow is used as the minimum debris flow volume weight parameter of the debris flow prevention and treatment engineering design.
And B, determining the volume weight of the debris flow in the earthquake region in the step B, wherein the formula is suitable for predicting the volume weight of the debris flow gully in the Wenchuan earthquake region, wherein the content of low-viscosity particles in the Wenchuan earthquake region is less than 0.05mm, and the grading width of solid particles in the debris flow is more than 2 mm.
The following are specific examples of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the cowshed groove is located on the south side of the Yingxiu town, regains the right bank, and reaches about 1km from the upstream to the Yingxiu town. The shape of the cowshed channel drainage basin is fan-shaped, the longitudinal length of the drainage basin is 5.4km, the average width is 2.0km, and the area of the drainage basin is 10.7km2. The highest point of the drainage basin is located on the west side of the exploration area, the elevation is about 2700m, the lowest point is located in the cowshed ditch and converges into the Minjiang river mouth, the elevation is 858.3m, and the relative height difference is about 1842 m. The trench is mainly a deep-cut V-shaped valley, the longitudinal length of the main trench is 6124m, the relative height difference is 1629m, and the average longitudinal gradient of the main trench is 266 per thousand.
In order to effectively prevent and treat the debris flow and prevent the Minjiang river from being blocked to threaten the downstream safety, the volume weight of the debris flow during the outbreak is obtained in advance, and effective prediction is carried out according to the debris flow source grading characteristics, the specific calculation method and the steps are as follows:
A. root of herbaceous plantAccording to field investigation, sampling and debris flow parameter test of the cowshed gully opening position, the average mud depth of the cowshed gully opening is determined to be 0.7m, the longitudinal gradient of the debris flow gully opening is 130 per thousand, the roughness coefficient is 11, and the solid matter weight is determined to be 26.5 (KN/m)3) Particle size d of solid particles of debris flowmax1.3m, a viscosity coefficient of 1.005(Pa · s), and a gully debris flow velocity of 3.15 (m/s).
B. Substituting the parameters determined in the step A into the following formula,
γ＝(4γSπdmax-9πηv)/(4π+6cosα)
C. the volume weight of the debris flow at the time of the outbreak is calculated and obtained by a formula to be 18.5KN/m3And the volume weight of the debris flow when the debris flow of the cowshed trench is burst is 18.5KN/m3。
Example two:
the high home ditch is positioned on the northern side of the rural area of ginkgo and Minjiang right bank, the longitudinal length of the main ditch is 3.26km, the transverse width is 1.3km, and the area of the ditch region is 3.79km2The plane shape is approximately fan-shaped, and the relative height difference of the watershed is about 1807 m. The longitudinal slope of the high gully is steeper overall, and the average longitudinal ratio of the whole gully area is reduced by 523 per thousand. 4 branch ditches are developed in the ditch area, the length of the branch ditches is shorter, the general length is between 0.5 and 1.6km, the longitudinal slope is larger, and the length is more than 500 per thousand.
In order to effectively prevent and treat the debris flow and prevent the Minjiang river from being blocked to threaten the downstream safety, the volume weight of the debris flow during the outbreak is obtained in advance, and effective prediction is carried out according to the debris flow source grading characteristics, the specific calculation method and the steps are as follows:
A. according to field investigation, sampling and debris flow parameter test of the branch ditch position of a high-rise ditch, the average mud depth of the ditch is 1.1m, the longitudinal gradient of the debris flow ditch is 233 per thousand, the roughness coefficient is 13, and the solid matter gravity is 26.5 (KN/m)3) Particle size d of solid particles of debris flowmax1.6m, a viscosity coefficient of 1.005(Pa · s), and a gully debris flow velocity of 6.68 (m/s).
B. Substituting the parameters determined in the step A into the following formula,
γ＝(4γSπdmax-9πηv)/(4π+6cosα)
C. the unit weight of the debris flow outbreak is calculated and obtained by a formula to be 19.5KNm3The volume weight of debris flow at the entrance of the elevated gully is 19.5KN/m3。
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the earthquake region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the debris flow solid particle size is characterized in that the earthquake region debris flow trench comprises a trench (①) and debris fluid (②) moving on the trench, and the earthquake region debris flow volume weight prediction calculation method is as follows:
A. obtaining the debris flow depth H of the debris flow gully in the earthquake area in m, obtaining the channel gradient α of the debris flow gully by large-scale mapping of the debris flow gully in m degrees and longitudinal gradient J of the channel in thousandth, and obtaining the solid particle diameter d of the debris flow through debris flow sampling and screeningiUnit is mm, mud-rock flow solid particle volume weight gammasIn the unit of KN/m3determining a debris flow roughness coefficient n according to the debris flow gully bed condition, and determining a viscosity coefficient η of the debris flow in Pa & s through field temperature investigation during debris flow outbreak;
B. determining the unit weight gamma of the debris flow in the earthquake area by the following formula, wherein the unit is KN/m3，
γ＝(4γSπdmax-9πηv)/(4π+6cosα)
In the formula (d)maxIs the diameter of the largest solid particle of the debris flow in mm, and v is the flow velocity of the torrential flood debris flow in m/s.
2. The seismic region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the debris flow solid particle size according to claim 1, wherein: and B, determining the formula of the volume weight of the debris flow in the earthquake area in the step B, wherein the formula is suitable for the prevention and treatment engineering design of the debris flow gully in the earthquake area, and the obtained volume weight of the debris flow is used as the minimum debris flow volume weight parameter of the debris flow prevention and treatment engineering design.
3. The seismic region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on the debris flow solid particle size according to claim 1, wherein: and B, determining the volume weight of the debris flow in the earthquake region by using a formula in the step B, wherein the formula is suitable for predicting the volume weight of the debris flow ditch with the content of low clay particles in the Wenchuan earthquake region being less than 0.05mm and the grading width of solid particles of the debris flow being more than 2 mm.
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| CN110147394B (en) * | 2019-05-25 | 2022-06-21 | 成都理工大学 | Statistical method-based method for predicting hundred-year siltation depth of debris flow |
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| CN112861372B (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2023-03-21 | 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心 | Debris flow volume weight calculation method |
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