CN110529568B - 带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构 - Google Patents

带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构 Download PDF

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CN110529568B
CN110529568B CN201910792233.2A CN201910792233A CN110529568B CN 110529568 B CN110529568 B CN 110529568B CN 201910792233 A CN201910792233 A CN 201910792233A CN 110529568 B CN110529568 B CN 110529568B
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CN110529568A (zh
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王吉龙
郭军敬
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Chongqing Longwang Electromechanical Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/70—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/74—Complexes, not using actuable speedchanging or regulating members, e.g. with gear ratio determined by free play of frictional or other forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/21—Providing engine brake control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/48—Signals to a parking brake or parking lock; Control of parking locks or brakes being part of the transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H2003/445—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion without permanent connection between the input and the set of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H2003/447—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion without permanent connection between the set of orbital gears and the output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2035—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with two engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2079—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches
    • F16H2200/2084—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches two freewheel mechanisms

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构包括机架、行星变速机构、动力输入件、动力输出件、一号离合器、二号离合器以及三号离合器；所述行星变速机构中的太阳轮、行星架、齿圈三者的任意顺序组合分别对应于动力输入端、动力输出端和中间传动部件，所述动力输入件通过一号离合器与所述动力输入端配合实现动力传动，所述动力输入件通过二号离合器与所述动力输出端配合实现动力传动，所述中间传动部件通过三号离合器与所述机架配合；本发明将防溜坡机构集成于行星变速机构中，通过行星变速机构自身的锁死实现防溜坡功能，无需增加相关制动***，简化了防溜坡机构的结构。

Description

带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆工程领域，涉及一种带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构。
背景技术
机动车在上坡路段停车或起步行驶时，因车辆自身重量而产生一个平行坡面向下的分力，即坡道阻力，该阻力会使车辆沿坡面向后溜，这种情况极为不安全。对于手动挡机动车而言，需要驾驶人员在上坡时必须做好驻车制动器、离合器和加速踏板之间的协调配合，但是这一系列操作过程很繁琐，不易掌握，对于驾车新手而言更是不容实现，而这一固有问题成为MT车的重大缺陷，同时由于AMT车辆固有特性，使得AMT车辆坡道起步控制困难，AMT车辆这一坡道起步的重大缺陷阻碍了AMT车辆的推广使用。对于装配有自动档变速器(AT)和无级变速器(CVT)的车辆而言，同样需要其具有防溜坡的功能；
目前车辆中通常采用带有上坡辅助功能的制动***配合刹车等操作来防止车辆溜坡；但上述带有上坡辅助功能的制动***在实现时，需要在减速器或其他部件中增加相关制动***，从而会增加制动***的复杂性，并且增加整车成本；
目前车辆也采用由电机、电机控制器及相关传感器组成的动力***来防止车辆溜坡；在该实现方式中，需要车辆先进行短时、短距离的溜坡，才能判断车辆的工作状态，之后控制车辆进入防溜坡模式；因此，上述实现方式存在一定的判断延时，性能不可靠，存在安全风险；
因此，需要一种带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，该防溜坡机构结构简单，防溜坡性能可靠。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，该防溜坡机构结构简单，防溜坡性能可靠。
本发明的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，包括机架、行星变速机构、动力输入件、动力输出件、一号离合器、二号离合器以及三号离合器；
所述行星变速机构中的太阳轮、行星架、齿圈三者的任意顺序组合分别对应于动力输入端、动力输出端和中间传动部件，所述动力输入件通过一号离合器与所述动力输入端配合实现动力传动，所述动力输入件通过二号离合器与所述动力输出件配合实现动力传动，所述动力输出件传动配合于动力输出端，所述三号离合器设置于中间传动部件与机架之间或设置于动力输出件与待驱动件之间实现动力传递或中断。
进一步，所述一号离合器和二号离合器为超越离合器，所述动力输入件通过一号离合器实现动力输入件向动力输入端的单向传动，所述动力输出件通过二号离合器实现动力输出件向动力输入件的单向传动。
进一步，还包括四号离合器，所述动力输入件通过四号离合器与外部动力件配合实现动力传动。
进一步，所述行星变速机构动力输入端、动力输出端和中间传动部件分别对应于太阳轮、行星架和齿圈。
进一步，所述动力输入件和动力输出件为套筒结构，所述动力输入件同轴外套与动力输出件，所述一号离合器配合于所述动力输入件的外圆与太阳轮内圆之间，所述二号离合器配合于所述动力输出件外圆与动力输入件的内圆之间。
进一步，所述动力输入件为阶梯轴套结构，所述一号离合器配合于动力输入件的小径段的外圆上，所述二号离合器配合于动力输入件的大径段的内圆上。
进一步，所述动力输入件大径端外圆具有径向向外凸出形成的法兰盘，所述法兰盘同轴传动配合于四号离合器动力输出端。
进一步，所述三号离合器和四号离合器位于行太阳轮轴向两侧，所述法兰盘与四号离合器位于行星轮的同侧。
进一步，所述齿圈轴向朝向三号离合器一端连接有右端盖，所述右端盖同轴传动配合于三号离合器动力输入端或动力输出端。
进一步，所述齿圈轴向远离三号离合器一端连接有左端盖。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明可实现车辆的驱动状态、锁死状态、解锁状态以及反拖状态四个状态，配合超越离合器，通过车辆不同的运行状态使得超越离合器内外圈形成的速度差实现一、二号离合器自动结合或分离从而实现各个状态的切换，无需控制***对一、二号离合器进行控制，简化了车辆的控制***；
本发明通过驱动状态满足车辆的正常行驶，通过反拖状态，避免空挡滑行且降低发动机转速，达到节油、降噪音，提升舒适性的目的；通过锁死状态，则满足上坡驻车防溜坡功能；通过解锁状态可实现车辆解除防溜坡的功能；
本发明将防溜坡机构集成于减速器中，通过减速器自身的锁死实现防溜坡功能，无需增加相关制动***，简化了防溜坡机构的结构，本发明无需配备复杂的控制器及相关传感器，不需要提前判断车辆的工作状态，不存判断延时，其防溜坡相应快，性能可靠。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明原理结构示意图；
具体实施方式
图1为本发明结构示意图；图2为本发明原理结构示意图；
如图所示，本实施例中的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，包括机架1、行星变速机构2、动力输入件3、动力输出件4、一号离合器5、二号离合器6以及三号离合器7；所述行星变速机构中的太阳轮2a、行星架2b、齿圈2c三者的任意顺序组合分别对应于动力输入端、动力输出端和中间传动部件，所述动力输入件3通过一号离合器与所述动力输入端配合实现动力传动，所述动力输入件3通过二号离合器与所述动力输出件4配合实现动力传动，所述动力输出件4传动配合于动力输出端，所述三号离合器设置于中间传动部件与机架之间或设置于动力输出件4与待驱动件之间实现动力传递或中断。
本实施例中三号离合器设置于中间传动部件与机架之间，通过各个离合器的结合或分离可形成不同的状态，行星变速机构至少具有驱动状态、锁死状态、解锁状态以及反拖状态，所述驱动状态时，一号离合器5结合，二号离合器分离、三号离合器结合，动力经动力输入件、一号离合器、动力输入端、动力输出端输出至动力输出件驱动正转；所述锁死状态时，动力输出件4反转，一、二、三号离合器结合，动力输出件反转将反转拖动力输出至动力输出端并同时将反转拖动力经动力输出件、二号离合器、动力输入件、一号离合器传递至动力输入端，通过控制速比保证动力输入端和动力输出端的转速不匹配，行星变速机构锁死，；所述解锁状态时，三号离合器分离，动力输出件反转将反转拖动力经动力输出端输出至中间传动部件实现空转，当然三号离合器可设置于动力输出件4与待驱动件之间，待驱动件为车轮传动***，在锁死状态下，三号离合器分离则外部动力传递路径中断，车轮实现空转，达到解除锁死的目的；反拖状态时，二、三号离合器结合，一号离合器分离，动力输出件通过二号离合器将正转托动力传递至动力输入件实现对发动机的反拖；
驱动状态适用于车辆的正常驱动行驶状态，此时发动机动力输入至动力输入件实现对车辆的动力驱动；锁死状态用于车辆坡道防溜坡状态，此时车轮反转的动力输入至动力输出件4带动动力输出件4反转，此时行星变速机构2锁死，防止车辆溜坡；解锁状态可解除防溜坡功能；反拖状态用于车辆下坡过程中，车轮反拖发动机，车轮的正转动力输入至动力输出件4带动动力输出件4正转，此时车辆反拖发动机；
行星变速机构能够在紧凑的空间内实现较大的传动比，其中不同的部件作为输入端和输出端可达到不同的效果，例如太阳轮作为输入端、行星架作为输出端则达到减速增扭的效果，太阳轮作为输入端、齿圈作为输出端则达到反转减速增扭的效果，行星架作为输入端、太阳轮作为输出端达到增速的作用，齿圈作为输入端、太阳轮作为输出端达到反转增速的作用，同样可以通过齿圈作为输入端、行星架作为输出端或者行星架作为输入端、齿圈作为输出端以达到不同的效果，此处不再赘述，机架为齿轮箱或者发动机曲轴箱等部件，用于相对固定齿圈，具体不在赘述；
本实施例中，所述一号离合器5和二号离合器6为超越离合器，所述动力输入件3通过一号离合器5实现动力输入件向动力输入端的单向传动，所述动力输出件4通过二号离合器6实现动力输出件4向动力输入件3的单向传动；结合图1所示，驱动状态时，发动机动力通过四号离合器8将动力输入至动力输入件3，动力输入件作为主动件，一号离合器5自动结合，同时二号离合器6内外圈超越，此时三号离合器结合，发动机动力通过动力输入件3、一号离合器5、太阳轮、行星架并通过动力输出件4输出，此时发动机动力不能通过二号离合器6传递；锁死状态时，车辆具有溜坡的趋势，此时车轮将反转的动力传送至动力输出件4，一号离合器5和二号离合器6自动结合，此时三号离合器结合，反转的动力传递至行星架同时依次通过动力输出件4、二号离合器6、动力输入件3以及一号离合器5传递给太阳轮，即反转动力通过两个传递路径同时传递至行星变速机构的动力输入端以及动力输出端，通过控制速比使得太阳轮与行星架的速度不匹配，使得行星变速机构2锁死，防止溜车；当解锁状态时，在锁死状态下三号离合器7分离，此时动力被输送至齿圈，齿圈空转，解除了行星变速机构2的锁死状态；当反拖状态时，车辆下坡，车轮将正转的动力传送至行星架，此时二号离合器6自动结合，同时一号离合器5内外圈超越，动力通过动力输出件4经过二号离合器6、动力输入件3以及四号离合器8将动力输入至发动机，实现对发动机的反拖；通过超越离合器，车辆在不同运行状态超越离合器内外圈形成的速度差实现一、二号离合器结合以及分离状态的自动切换，实现车辆各个状态的自动切换，无需配备复杂的控制器及相关传感器不需要提前判断车辆的工作状态，不存判断延时，其防溜坡性能可靠；
本实施例中，还包括四号离合器8，所述动力输入件3通过四号离合器8与外部动力件配合实现动力传动；外部动力件通常为发动机，四号离合器8作为起步离合器，可实现发动机与防溜坡机构之间动力传递路径的中断和结合，本实施例中，三号离合器7和四号离合器8采用现有的干式或者湿式离合器，具体不再赘述；
本实施例中，所述行星变速机构动力输入端、动力输出端和中间传动部件分别对应于太阳轮、行星架和齿圈；齿圈通过三号离合器相对固定于机架上，行星架通过花键与动力输出件4实现传动配合；太阳轮作为输入端、行星架作为输出端，实现减速增扭作用。
本实施例中，所述动力输入件3和动力输出件4为套筒结构，所述动力输入件3同轴外套与动力输出件，所述一号离合器5配合于所述动力输入件3的外圆与太阳轮2a内圆之间，所述二号离合器6配合于所述动力输出件外圆与动力输入件的内圆之间；动力输出件4可通过花键与输出轴传动配合将动力输出，动力输入件3和动力输出件4内外套的结构可降低轴向占用空间，便于空间布置，该结构易于一号以及二号离合器的布置，可合理利用空间，提高防溜坡机构的结构紧凑性。
本实施例中，所述动力输入件为阶梯轴套结构，所述一号离合器5配合于动力输入件的小径段的外圆上，所述二号离合器6配合于动力输入件的大径段的内圆上；如图1所示，动力输入件左端为大径端，右端为小径端，该结构可将一号离合器5与二号离合器6轴向分布，可减小防溜坡结构的径向尺寸，该结构便于布置位于其内部的二号离合器6；动力输出件4外圆具有径向向外凸起形成的同轴安装环，二号离合器6内圈传动配合于该安装环，安装环的外径与动力输入件小径端外径相同，太阳轮内径与动力输入件大径端内径相同，该结构可使得一、二号离合器径向安装空间相同，便于一、二号离合器统一型号，易于后期的维护检修，同时动力输入件的内阶梯面对二号离合器进行轴向限位；
本实施例中，所述动力输入件大径端外圆具有径向向外凸出形成的法兰盘3a，所述法兰盘同轴传动配合于四号离合器8动力输出端；结合图1所示，法兰盘通过螺栓与四号离合器8动力输出端固定形成二者的传动配合；
本实施例中，所述三号离合器7和四号离合器8位于行太阳轮轴向两侧，所述法兰盘3a与四号离合器8位于行星轮的同侧；三号离合器7和四号离合器8分设与行星变速机构的轴向两侧，便于两个离合器的空间分布，降低防溜坡机构各个部件的空间布置难度。
本实施例中，所述齿圈轴向朝向三号离合器7一端连接有右端盖9a，所述右端盖9a同轴传动配合于三号离合器7动力输入端或动力输出端；右端盖通过螺栓与三号离合器7的一端连接形成传动配合；
本实施例中，所述齿圈轴向远离三号离合器7一端连接有左端盖9b；左端盖配合右端盖形成安装腔，将行星轮、行星轮轴以及行星架等结构封装于该安装腔内，提高行星变速机构结构紧凑性，便于行星变速机构作为整体与其他部件装配，简化了装配难度；
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (9)

1.一种带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：包括机架、行星变速机构、动力输入件、动力输出件、一号离合器、二号离合器以及三号离合器；
所述行星变速机构中的太阳轮、行星架、齿圈三者的任意顺序组合分别对应于动力输入端、动力输出端和中间传动部件，所述动力输入件通过一号离合器与所述动力输入端配合实现动力传动，所述动力输入件通过二号离合器与所述动力输出件配合实现动力传动，所述动力输出件传动配合于动力输出端，所述三号离合器设置于中间传动部件与机架之间或设置于动力输出件与待驱动件之间实现动力传递或中断；
所述一号离合器和二号离合器为超越离合器，所述动力输入件通过一号离合器实现动力输入件向动力输入端的单向传动，所述动力输出件通过二号离合器实现动力输出件向动力输入件的单向传动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：还包括四号离合器，所述动力输入件通过四号离合器与外部动力件配合实现动力传动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：所述行星变速机构动力输入端、动力输出端和中间传动部件分别对应于太阳轮、行星架和齿圈。
4.根据权利要求3所述的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：所述动力输入件和动力输出件为套筒结构，所述动力输入件同轴外套与动力输出件，所述一号离合器配合于所述动力输入件的外圆与太阳轮内圆之间，所述二号离合器配合于所述动力输出件外圆与动力输入件的内圆之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：所述动力输入件为阶梯轴套结构，所述一号离合器配合于动力输入件的小径段的外圆上，所述二号离合器配合于动力输入件的大径段的内圆上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：所述动力输入件大径端外圆具有径向向外凸出形成的法兰盘，所述法兰盘同轴传动配合于四号离合器动力输出端。
7.根据权利要求6所述的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：所述三号离合器和四号离合器位于行太阳轮轴向两侧，所述法兰盘与四号离合器位于行星轮的同侧。
8.根据权利要求7所述的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：所述齿圈轴向朝向三号离合器一端连接有右端盖，所述右端盖同轴传动配合于三号离合器动力输入端或动力输出端。
9.根据权利要求8所述的带解除功能的行星齿轮式防溜坡机构，其特征在于：所述齿圈轴向远离三号离合器一端连接有左端盖。
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