CN1105263C - 气化器通向余热锅炉的通道中的耐火炉衬 - Google Patents

气化器通向余热锅炉的通道中的耐火炉衬 Download PDF

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CN1105263C
CN1105263C CN96112027A CN96112027A CN1105263C CN 1105263 C CN1105263 C CN 1105263C CN 96112027 A CN96112027 A CN 96112027A CN 96112027 A CN96112027 A CN 96112027A CN 1105263 C CN1105263 C CN 1105263C
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J·希林
K·柯伦
D·布卢克
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Abstract

本发明涉及气化器(1，2)通向余热锅炉(3，4)的具有支撑耐火异型砖的爪手/角撑架(8，9)的一段通道中的耐火炉衬。爪手(8)悬挂在接管(3)中的挂钩(7)上，通过冷却管(10)避免爪手过热。耐火炉衬的支撑通过在管外壳(5)中上下重叠布置的角撑架(9)实现，角撑架焊接在管外壳(5)的隔板(管-隔板-管焊接体)上。在冷却管外壳(5)和水平管壁(23)上的下角撑架(9)通过带有滴水槽(26)的耐火捣实料(25)避免结渣。在异型砖段(17)之间在角撑架(9)的下面预留有伸缩缝(27)，同时，在爪手(8)的上面放置纤维板的环形段(6)。

Description

气化器通向余热锅炉的通道中的耐火炉衬
本发明涉及气化器通向余热锅炉的具有固定耐火异型砖的角撑架的一段通道中的耐火炉衬。
从气化炉到余热锅炉的通道不仅要流过热的合成气体，而且受到热炉渣的冲击作用。这一段通道中的温度高于1400℃。
在高的温度和附加的气体/固体流体下，由钢制成的未加保护的材料是不稳定的。因此，在这个区域内衬上耐火材料(feuerfestem Material)。人们在捣打料的炉料、耐火(feuerfest)异型砖或两种材料的组合体之间进行选择，然而，异型砖是具有较好质量的的材料。
由位于奥伯豪森—霍尔顿的鲁尔化学公司的鲁尔(SAR)合成气装置的提供商(Anmeldrin)提供的近旁设有合成气冷却器的余热锅炉的化学反应器在该化学反应器和合成气冷却器之间的通道内铺有由异型砖构成的耐火炉衬。
在铸造角撑架上总是铺上环形的高级异型砖，它们彼此固定在气化器的接管末端和合成气冷却器的接管末端。在冷却管的外壳中，异型砖铺在环绕通向水平冷却管壁的垂直冷却管的通道的管道凸起部上。
通过冷却管外壳的环的凸起部上的耐火异型砖的托架或支架以及通过没有附加伸缩缝和弹性中间材料的气化器接管末端上的固定点，由高温产生的热应力和由此引起的耐火材料的运动被直接传递到上游的高压部分，例如冷却管外壳的管道上；此外，砖的全部自重施加在托架上。此外，在两个容器之间的通道上的上固定点(角撑架)没有被冷却，并且耐火材料在连续损耗严重时，易于发生过热。
本发明的任务是在反应器和合成气冷却器之间的一段通道中铺设耐火炉衬用以降低耐火材料中的应力，以便砖的自重分摊在不同的支架上，抵消耐火砖和固定装置之间的相对移动，使横断面没有明显的变化，使固定装置不必固定在供水部件(锅炉管)上以及通过附加的冷却避免所谓的主爪手过热。
根据本发明，提供了在气化器通向余热锅炉的带有用于固定耐火异型砖的角撑架的一段通道中的耐火炉衬，在这段通道中，在余热锅炉的进入管接头上设置悬挂在挂钩上的爪手，在爪手的下面在密封槽中安放蛇形冷却管，在冷却管外壳中以彼此间隔开的方式固定上下重叠的角撑架，上下分层堆放的耐火砖被放置在爪手和角撑架上。
根据本发明，耐火区域是由未冷却的接管中的三个不同的、并排布置的铺砖层以及不同的特种异型砖、肩挂式异型砖和普通砖组成，这些砖是由温度、损耗、内外压以及使用寿命决定的。
耐火砖炉衬通过砖的支撑***支撑在合成气冷却器的接管和冷却管外壳上，支撑***由上下重叠布置的角撑架组成，在冷却管外管区域中，角撑架被固定在管—隔板—管—焊接体的隔板上，并且在接管区域中被悬挂在爪手上以及在此被冷却。此外，通过本发明的措施可满足下面的要求：
—用于耐火砖的托架被分布在各个平面上，以便分担砖的重量和尽可能低地保持局部应力，
—通过使用陶瓷的弹性材料确保抵消耐火砖和固定装置结构之间的相对移动，
—在通道中没有明显的横断面变化，
—砖的固定装置被焊接在上游高压部分(锅炉管)之间的隔板上。
—通过安装阶段的冷却避免主爪手过热，
—选择砖的规格和砖的结构以便使砖中的应力保持较低，
—在冷却管外壳的下输出端上铸造一个滴水槽，因此炉渣不会沿着水平壁慢慢地移动并且在水平壁以及舱壁和管外壳上结渣。
借助于附图进一步说明本发明的实施例。
图1表示气化器和余热锅炉的通道截面图，
图2表示从气化器到余热锅炉的通道上的耐火材料的截面图。
根据图1，在气化器1和余热锅炉4之间的一段通道的内部中引进耐火炉衬，该炉衬由一系列的普通砖和异型砖构成。
这段通道的外部是由未冷却的气化器接管2和在余热锅炉3、4上部经冷却的管外壳5组成的。
在管外壳5中，耐火炉衬的支撑通过上下放置的角撑架9实现，角撑架被焊接在管外壳5的隔板(管—隔板—管焊接体)上。
在余热锅炉4的接管3中装有挂钩7，如图1所示，挂钩7为位于余热锅炉4的接管3中的突出部分和悬伸部分的形式。爪手8被悬挂放置在挂钩7中以支撑上方的耐火炉衬。通过冷却***10、11、12避免爪手过热。
将滴水槽26形成在冷却管外壳5的下输出端9，借以防止炉渣沿着水平壁23慢慢地移动。因此，通过附加的带有环绕的滴水槽26的耐火炉料25可以防止在冷却管外壳5、水平管壁23、贮水槽30和管壁31上的最低的角撑架9结渣。
在异型砖段17之间在角撑架9的下面总是预留有伸缩缝27，然而在耐火炉衬之间通向接管2的通道上装有环形的陶瓷纤维垫6。在管外壳5的上部和冷却***10、11、12之间具有耐火捣实炉料24或者类似物。
图2表述了气化器2的接管和余热锅炉4的进入管接头3之间的一段通道中的耐火炉料的结构。通过爪手8实现对耐火砖衬里的支撑，通过冷却***10、11、12避免爪手过热。
首先，在爪手8上布置异型砖13、14，朝向中心部使用异型砖18、19，在砖19上放置水平安放的陶瓷纤维板6的环形段，并且在砖19和砖14之间置入垂直安放的纤维板28；然后在其上方在内侧分别布置一层砖15、16，并且在砖15、16的上面放置砖17。此外，中间的异型砖20、外面的异型砖21以及陶瓷垫22用于隔离。

Claims (8)

1.在气化器通向余热锅炉的带有用于固定耐火异型砖的角撑架的一段通道中的耐火炉衬，其特征在于在这段通道(11)中，在余热锅炉(4)的进入管接头(3)中设置悬挂在挂钩(7)上的爪手(8)，在爪手(8)的下面在密封槽(11)中安放蛇形冷却管(10)，在冷却管外壳(5)中以上下彼此间隔开的方式固定角撑架(9)，上下分层堆放的耐火砖被放置在爪手(8)和角撑架(9)上。
2.根据权利要求1的耐火炉衬，其特征在于在爪手(8)上具有上下重叠的异型砖(13、14、15、16和17)的复合结构。
3.根据权利要求2的耐火炉衬，其特征在于从较高部位的异型砖(13，14)朝向中部设置肩挂式异型砖(18，19)、水平放置的陶瓷纤维板(6)和垂直放置的陶瓷纤维板(28)。
4.根据权利要求2和3的耐火炉衬，其特征在于在内部铺设的异型砖(15、16、17)和进入管接头(3)之间设置中间和外部的异型砖(20、21)以及陶瓷垫(22)。
5.根据权利要求1的耐火炉衬，其特征在于在角撑架(9)上具有上下重叠的异型砖(17)，在每个角撑架(9)的下方、在异型砖(17)之间留有伸缩缝(27)。
6.根据权利要求5的耐火炉衬，其特征在于在冷却管外壳(5)的下端和水平管壁(23)的底侧具有一个带有朝向内部的滴水槽(26)的耐火捣实用料(25)。
7.根据权利要求5和6的耐火炉衬，其特征在于在角撑架(9)的上面、冷却管外壳(5)的末端处设置肩挂式异型砖(18)。
8.根据权利要求1的耐火炉衬，其特征在于在蛇形冷却管(10)的周围放置陶瓷纤维垫-块(29)。
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KR100416575B1 (ko) 2004-03-18
CA2205261A1 (en) 1997-03-20
ATE186070T1 (de) 1999-11-15
CZ294659B6 (cs) 2005-02-16
GR3032211T3 (en) 2000-04-27
PL182793B1 (pl) 2002-03-29
CA2205261C (en) 2006-11-14
ES2140002T3 (es) 2000-02-16
CN1160836A (zh) 1997-10-01
DE59603472D1 (de) 1999-12-02
PL320143A1 (en) 1997-09-15
AU704003B2 (en) 1999-04-01
JP4088803B2 (ja) 2008-05-21
CZ145997A3 (en) 1997-09-17
DE19533912A1 (de) 1997-03-27
EP0763589B1 (de) 1999-10-27
US5873329A (en) 1999-02-23
EP0793702A2 (de) 1997-09-10
WO1997010315A3 (de) 1997-05-15
JPH10510582A (ja) 1998-10-13
DK0763589T3 (da) 1999-11-08
DE19533912C2 (de) 1998-09-24
EP0763589A1 (de) 1997-03-19
KR970707261A (ko) 1997-12-01
WO1997010315A2 (de) 1997-03-20

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