CN110521503B - Wet-spraying vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology - Google Patents
Wet-spraying vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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Abstract
A wet-spraying vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology utilizes a wet-spraying machine for construction, adds grass fiber and soil adhesive (also used as a water retention agent) on the basis of the original dry-spraying vegetation concrete formula to improve the integrity of a base material and the adhesiveness on a slope, and adds a long-acting common compound fertilizer into the base material to replace part of common compound fertilizers so as to improve the later-stage nutrition condition of the wet-spraying base material; the novel wet spraying vegetation concrete additive is developed to replace the original additive, and the construction performance, the pH value, the microorganism and the nutrition condition of the base material are improved. The invention has the advantages of common materials, high construction efficiency, environment-friendly construction, suitability for ecological protection and ecological restoration of side slopes of various projects such as buildings, mines, water conservancy, traffic and the like, and wide popularization and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of side slope ecological restoration (also called side slope greening) and side slope ecological protection (also called ecological slope protection or side slope protection greening), and particularly relates to a wet spraying vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology.
Background
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology is a technology that cement, loam, organic matters, plant seeds, fertilizer and vegetation concrete additives are mixed according to a proper proportion to obtain a vegetation concrete slope protection greening base material (the base material is called as a base material for short, the same below), then the base material is sprayed to a side slope (mainly used for a steep slope) needing ecological restoration or ecological protection by a sprayer, and then water is sprayed for maintenance. On most slopes, anchor rods and hanging nets are often constructed before spraying to enhance the integrity and stability of the sprayed layer of the base material. Since the advent of the technology around 2000 years, the dry spraying technology (namely dry spraying anchor mechanical equipment) is adopted all the time and has been popularized and applied on a large scaleIn various water conservancy, mine, building, road slope ecological restoration and ecological protection projects. Through a large amount of engineering practices, the technology is found to have simple used mechanical equipment; the base material spraying layer has the advantages of good slope protection performance, anti-scouring capability and the like. But also has the problems of hardened base material, higher pH value and low germination rate of some plants. Although a series of patent technologies (such as an improved vegetation concrete greening additive preparation method ZL201110380711.2, a vegetation concrete improved microbial agent and a preparation method ZL 201611021143.6) are developed continuously in the past 10 years to upgrade and improve the prior art, dry spraying construction (dry spraying for short) has low efficiency (each set of equipment hardly breaks through 300m every day)2The workload), the dust pollution is large, the labor intensity of the spray gun hand is large, and the safety risk is high.
Although the wet spraying process has no dust pollution, the working efficiency is high (each set of equipment exceeds 500m per day)2Workload of). However, when the wet spraying process is adopted, in order to meet the requirement of the spraying distance, the fluidity of the mixture is high, and the mixture is easy to flow when being used for a steep slope. It is this problem that the wet spraying process has not been adopted in the field of vegetation concrete ecological slope protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wet-spraying vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology which can be well attached to a steep slope, and solves the problems of low efficiency, large dust pollution, high spraying construction risk and the like of the conventional vegetation concrete dry spraying construction process.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the ecological slope protection technology of wet sprayed vegetation concrete is characterized in that a slope surface is provided with a plane net and an anchor rod, and the plane net is buried in a sprayed layer of newly sprayed vegetation concrete base materials; the newly sprayed vegetation concrete base material spraying layer comprises loam, cement, wet sprayed vegetation concrete additives, organic matters, long-acting fertilizers, common compound fertilizers and soil adhesives; the newly sprayed and planted concrete base material spray layer is constructed by adopting a wet spraying process, namely the base material composition materials are added with water and stirred into slurry, and then the slurry is sprayed on the slope surface by using a wet spraying machine to form the base material spray layer; the base material spraying layer comprises a base layer and a surface layer, and the surface layer also contains plant seeds.
The base layer comprises loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, organic matters, long-acting fertilizers, common compound fertilizers and soil binders, the construction ratio of the base layer (each cubic of newly-mixed base materials) is as follows, and the preparation method is as follows: 0.2-0.6m loam30.1-0.15m of organic matter320-50kg of cement, 15-40kg of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.4-0.8kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.3-0.7kg of common compound fertilizer and 0.1-0.3kg of soil binder; wherein, the volume of the organic Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 40 to 50 percent, and the volume of the rotten rice hull or vinasse accounts for 50 to 60 percent; the grass fiber is crushed straw or crushed wheat straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive and soil adhesive are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and sprayed.
The surface layer comprises loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, common compound fertilizers, long-acting fertilizers, soil adhesives, organic matters and plant seeds, the construction proportion of the surface layer is (per cubic fresh mixed base material) and the preparation method is as follows: 0.2-0.6m loam30.1-0.2m of organic matter30-30kg of cement, 0-25kg of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.5-0.8kg of common compound fertilizer, 0.4-1.2kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.2-0.3kg of soil binder and 100-200g of plant seeds; wherein the ratio of the number of the herbaceous and shrub particles in the plant seeds is 2-3: 1-2; the organic matter Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 20-40% in volume, and the rotten rice husk or vinasse accounts for 60-80% in volume; the grass fiber is crushed straw or crushed wheat straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive, soil adhesive and plant seeds are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and sprayed.
The loam is surface soil, the soil depth is less than 3m, and sand grains with the grain size of more than 0.75cm are removed.
The soil adhesive is polyacrylamide and also serves as a water retention agent.
The long-acting fertilizer is a long-acting compound fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3-4: 4-5: 1-2; the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the common compound fertilizer is 2-3: 1-2: 1-2.
The thickness of the base layer is 5-10cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 1-2 cm.
The plane net can be replaced by a three-dimensional net and a plane net; when the three-dimensional net and the plane net are adopted, the lower layer is the three-dimensional net, and the upper layer is the plane net.
The wet spraying machine can be a centrifugal pump or a plunger pump type wet spraying machine; when a plunger pump spray seeder is used, compressed air conveying is generally combined.
The wet spraying vegetation concrete additive is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing composite bacterial powder A (powder A for short):
mixing 5-8 parts by weight of raw material strains of bacillus megaterium phosphorus-solubilizing princess ridge variant, 2-4 parts by weight of pseudomonas fluorescens, 5-10 parts by weight of pseudomonas and 40-70 parts by weight of bacillus mucilaginosus, putting the mixture into a sucrose aqueous solution with the concentration of 2%, culturing the mixture for 24 hours at room temperature, and drying the mixture to obtain powder B rich in bacteria; placing 10-20 parts of bradyrhizobium in amorpha fruticosa and sinorhizobium morifolium in an aqueous solution with the sucrose concentration of 2% and the urea concentration of 0.5% for culturing at room temperature for 72 hours, and drying to obtain powder C containing bacteria; finally, mixing the powder B and the powder C to obtain powder A;
the slow rooting rhizobium and the Chinese rhizobium of the Moranium are added in any proportion;
(2) preparing composite bacterium powder D (powder D for short):
putting 20-30 parts of raw material strains of trichoderma viride, 10-15 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 15-20 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae into an aqueous solution containing 8% of starch, 2% of glucose and 1% of agar by weight, culturing for 24 hours at room temperature, and drying to obtain powder D containing bacteria;
(3) preparation of mixture E:
mixing 8-15 parts of gypsum powder, 40-45 parts of powdered rock phosphate and 10-15 parts of iron ore powder in parts by weight, and drying to obtain a mixture E;
(4) preparing a wet spraying vegetation concrete additive:
fully mixing 1-2 parts by weight of powder A, 1-2 parts by weight of powder D and 80-90 parts by weight of mixture E to obtain a wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive;
the grain diameters of the used iron ore powder and the used phosphate rock powder are 40-60 meshes; the particle size of the gypsum powder is 100-200 meshes;
the water content of the powder A, the powder D and the mixture E is less than 8 percent;
the gypsum powder is beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum powder;
the effective viable count (cfu) of the used raw material strains is more than 0.20 hundred million/g.
The construction method of the wet spraying vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology comprises the following steps:
1) slope surface net laying: laying a plane net on the slope surface and fixing the plane net by using anchor rods, wherein the anchor rods are inserted into the slope surface at certain intervals and exposed;
2) preparing a vegetation concrete base material;
3) the vegetation concrete base material is sprayed by adopting a wet spraying process, a base layer and a surface layer are respectively constructed, and the thickness of a sprayed layer is designed by adopting a construction mode of multiple layered spraying.
By combining the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the wet spraying process is adopted, so that the construction efficiency can be greatly improved, and the dust pollution can be reduced; the use of the centrifugal pump wet spraying machine can also reduce the danger and labor intensity of spraying construction; the plunger pump wet spraying machine can spray thick base materials, and is wide in application range and high in production efficiency.
(2) The formula is improved, and the grass fiber is introduced to replace part of organic matters so as to increase the integrity of the wet spraying base material; a soil adhesive (also used as a water retention agent) with a bonding effect is introduced, and the fluidity of the wet spraying base material is reduced and the adhesiveness of the wet spraying base material is improved through water absorption and generated colloid; the application range of the wet spraying process is enlarged.
(3) Long-acting common compound fertilizer is introduced to replace part of common compound fertilizer so as to improve the later-period nutrition condition of the wet spraying base material.
(4) The materials used in the invention are common and largeAnd part of the materials are local materials, so that the construction cost can be effectively controlled. Has great popularization and application value, and each set of equipment can finish 500m per day2The above workload.
(5) The layered construction process is adopted, the thickness of the sprayed layer at each time is reduced, so that part of water in the newly sprayed layer can be absorbed by the old sprayed layer, the flowability of the newly sprayed layer is reduced, and the adhesiveness of the newly sprayed layer is improved. The water absorption effect of gypsum and the hydration effect of cement in the soil adhesive and the wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive are combined, so that the consistency of the base material can be quickly improved, and the base material can be well attached when being used on a steep slope.
(6) The novel wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive is adopted, and bacillus megatherium phosphate solubilizing princess ridge variant and pseudomonas fluorescens are introduced into the additive, so that nucleic acid and phospholipid of organic matters in a base material can be degraded well, and phosphorus nutrients are released; the introduction of the plesiomonas can decompose phosphorus contained in the phosphate ore in the base material and provide enough phosphorus nutrients for the slope vegetation in the middle and later periods;
the slow rhizobia or the Morray blue Chinese rhizobia or the mixture of the slow rhizobia and the Morray blue Chinese rhizobia in the amorpha fruticosa is introduced into the additive, so that the germination and the growth of widely used pioneer plants, namely leguminous plants (such as amorpha fruticosa, alfalfa and the like) are facilitated, and the continuous supply of nitrogen nutrients to a base material is improved;
bacillus mucilaginosus is introduced into the wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, growth promoting substances such as auxin substances, gibberellin substances, indoleacetic acid and the like can be secreted, roots and seedlings are increased, and the stress resistance of plants is directly enhanced;
the Bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose the hydrated cement products in the base material, namely silicon element in the silicate, and the hydrated cement products are used by plants, so that the wax layer of the plants is thickened, and the drought resistance of the plants is improved. The bacillus mucilaginosus grows and breeds around seeds or crop roots through somatic cells, a large amount of organic acid and enzyme are generated in the metabolic process of the bacillus mucilaginosus, minerals such as insoluble silicate, aluminosilicate and the like in a base material are decomposed, and K, P, Si, Mg, Zn and the like are released in an ion form and are absorbed and utilized by the plant roots;
the bacillus mucilaginosus can also promote the formation of a substrate granular structure and prevent the substrate from hardening; the capillary phenomenon of the base material is damaged, the evaporation of the water of the base material is prevented, and the drought resistance is further improved;
trichoderma viride, Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are introduced into the wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, so that plant fibers existing in the base material can be degraded quickly, and sufficient nutrients are provided for plant roots. The nutrients are usually released after 6 months after construction, and can well take over the fertilizer to provide nutrients. At the moment, the plant root system is formed, the reinforcement effect of the plant fiber on the base material can be replaced, and adverse effects caused by rotting of the plant fiber can be avoided;
more gypsum powder is added into the wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, so that the wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive can quickly react with tricalcium aluminate to generate ettringite in the early stage, the flowability of a base material is reduced, and the adhesiveness of the base material is improved; can also digest alkali generated by free and hydration reactions in cement to generate Na2SO4、K2SO4And Ca (OH)2The pH value of the base material is reduced (generation of ettringite), and the germination of plants is facilitated. In addition, the surplus hemihydrate gypsum powder can be quickly set and hardened (the generated dihydrate gypsum can consume part of water), so that the fluidity of a newly sprayed base material is reduced, the cohesiveness of the newly sprayed base material is improved, and the base material is favorable for adhesion when used for a steep side slope;
the phosphate rock powder and the iron ore powder added into the base material provide guarantee for the nutrient supply of the slope in the middle and later periods by utilizing the nutrient balance of the base material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a plan layout view of the anchor rods and the plane net on the slope surface.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view at a-a of fig. 1.
In the figure: plane net 1, stock 2, basic unit 3, surface course 4.
Detailed Description
Preparing a wet spraying vegetation concrete additive:
the bacteria used in the present invention are specifically as follows:
bacillus megatherium var. phosphaticus kungchuling;
pseudomonas fluorescens (p. fluorescences);
plesiomonas (Plesiomonas hbs and Schubert);
bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucoarginosus Krassilnikov);
bradyrhizobium (m. amorph) or sinorhizobium morrilense (s. morelenase) in amorpha fruticosa;
bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucoarginosus Krassilnikov);
trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride);
aspergillus oryzae (asp) oryzae);
saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
The preparation method of the wet spraying vegetation concrete additive comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of composite bacterial powder a:
mixing 5-8 parts by weight of raw material strains of bacillus megaterium phosphorus-solubilizing princess ridge variant, 2-4 parts by weight of pseudomonas fluorescens, 5-10 parts by weight of pseudomonas and 40-70 parts by weight of bacillus mucilaginosus, putting the mixture into a sucrose aqueous solution with the concentration of 2%, culturing the mixture for 24 hours at room temperature, and drying the mixture to obtain powder B rich in bacteria; placing 10-20 parts of slow-growing rhizobia or Morania sinorhizobium or a mixture of the slow-growing rhizobia and the Morania sinorhizobia in amorpha fruticosa into an aqueous solution with the sucrose concentration of 2% and the urea concentration of 0.5% for culturing at room temperature for 72 hours, and drying to obtain powder C containing bacteria; and finally mixing the powder B and the powder C to obtain powder A. The specific formula of the raw material strains of the composite bacterial powder A is shown in Table 1.
Specific formula (unit: Kg) of raw material strain of composite bacteria powder A shown in Table 1
The effective viable count (cfu) of the used raw material strains is more than 0.20 hundred million/g.
(2) Preparing composite bacterial powder D:
according to parts by weight, 20-30 parts of raw material strains of trichoderma viride, 10-15 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 15-20 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae are put into an aqueous solution containing 8% of starch, 2% of glucose and 1% of agar to be cultured for 24 hours at room temperature, and the powder D containing bacteria is obtained after drying.
The specific formulation of the raw material strains of the composite bacterial powder D is shown in Table 2.
Specific formula (unit: Kg) of raw material strain of composite bacterium powder D shown in Table 2
| Serial number | Trichoderma viride | Aspergillus oryzae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| 1 | 20 | 10 | 15 |
| 2 | 25 | 12 | 17 |
| 3 | 30 | 15 | 20 |
| 4 | 20 | 15 | 15 |
| 5 | 25 | 10 | 20 |
The effective viable count (cfu) of the used raw material strains is more than 0.20 hundred million/g.
(3) Preparation of mixture E:
mixing 8-15 parts of gypsum powder, 40-45 parts of powdered rock phosphate and 10-15 parts of iron ore powder in parts by weight, and drying to obtain a mixture E; the raw material formulation of mixture E is shown in Table 3.
Raw Material concrete formulation (Unit: Kg) of mixture E Table 3
| Serial number | Gypsum powder | Powdered rock phosphate | |
| 1 | 8 | 40 | 10 |
| 2 | 12 | 42 | 12 |
| 3 | 15 | 45 | 15 |
| 4 | 15 | 40 | 15 |
| 5 | 8 | 45 | 10 |
The grain diameters of the used iron ore powder and the used phosphate rock powder are 40-60 meshes; the particle size of the gypsum powder is 100-200 meshes; the gypsum powder is beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum powder.
(4) Preparing a wet spraying vegetation concrete additive:
and uniformly mixing 1-2 parts of the composite bacterial powder A, 2-2 parts of the composite bacterial powder D1 and 90-80 parts of the mixture by weight to obtain the wet-spraying vegetation concrete additive.
The concrete formulation of the raw materials of the wet sprayed vegetation concrete additive is shown in table 4.
Raw material concrete formula (unit: Kg) of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive shown in Table 4
| Serial number | Composite bacterial powder A | Composite bacterium powder | Mixture E | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 80 | |
| 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 85 | |
| 3 | 2 | 2 | 90 | |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 90 | |
| 5 | 1.5 | 2 | 80 |
1-2 parts of composite bacterial powder A, composite bacterial powder D and mixture E, wherein the water content of the mixture E is less than 8%.
The wet spraying vegetation concrete additive obtained by the method is used for standby.
Construction example 1
The slope of a certain road in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river is weakly weathered limestone with the slope of 55 degrees. The invention is supposed to be adopted for ecological slope protection.
Laying 14# iron wire on the slope surface, weaving galvanized planar iron wire with 6cm x 6cm meshes and using
The screw-thread steel anchor rods are fixed, the anchor rods are inserted into the slope surface by 30cm at the interval of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m and exposed by 6-8 cm. The distance between the plane net and the slope surface is 5-6 cm; the newly sprayed and planted concrete base material is constructed by adopting a wet spraying process, namely, the newly sprayed and planted concrete base material comprises a base layer with the thickness of 8cm and a surface layer with the thickness of 1 cm.
The base layer is composed of loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, organic matters, long-acting fertilizers, common compound fertilizers and soil binders, and the construction ratio of the base layer is (per cubic newly-mixed base material): 0.6m loam30.1m of organic matter320kg of cement, 20kg of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.8kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.3kg of common compound fertilizer and 0.1kg of soil binder; wherein the volume of the organic Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 40 percent, and the volume of the rotten rice hull or vinasse accounts for 60 percent; the grass fiber is crushed straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive and soil adhesive are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and sprayed.
The surface layer is composed of loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, common compound fertilizers, long-acting fertilizers, soil adhesives, organic matters and plant seeds, and the construction ratio of the surface layer is (per cubic fresh mixed base material): 0.6m loam30.15m for organic matter310kg of wet sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.5kg of common compound fertilizer, 0.4kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.3kg of soil adhesive and 100g of plant seeds, wherein the plant seeds are composed of magnolia multiflora, amorpha fruticosa, alfalfa, goosegrass, bermuda grass, cosmos and zinnia, and the minimum dosage of each plant is 2 g; wherein the ratio of the number of the herbaceous and shrub particles in the plant seeds is 2: 1; the volume of the organic matter Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 20 percent, and the volume of the rotten rice husk or vinasse accounts for 80 percent; the grass fiber is crushed straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet-spraying vegetation concrete additive, soil adhesive and plant are addedMixing the seeds uniformly and spraying.
The cement is pozzolanic portland cement or slag silicon hydrochloric acid cement.
The loam is surface soil, the soil depth is less than 3m, and sand grains with the grain size of more than 0.75cm are removed.
The soil adhesive is polyacrylamide and also serves as a water retention agent.
The long-acting fertilizer is a long-acting compound fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3: 4: 2; the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the common compound fertilizer is 3: 1: 1.
the wet spraying construction selects a GYP-90 type wet spraying machine (simultaneously, 9 cubic/minute compressed air is used for assisting) produced by a gunn machine in Henan, and the thickness of a sprayed layer is designed by adopting a construction mode of spraying twice in layers and spraying once on a surface layer.
Construction example 2
A certain mine quarry side slope (on-road side slope) in southwest is a weakly weathered rock side slope with the slope of 70 degrees and the height of 40m, and the ecological restoration method is adopted for ecological restoration.
Laying 14# iron wire on the slope surface, weaving galvanized planar iron wire with 6cm x 6cm meshes and using
The screw-thread steel anchor rods are fixed, the anchor rods are inserted into the slope surface for 35cm at the interval of 1m multiplied by 1m and exposed for 8-10 cm. The distance between the plane net and the slope surface is 6-8 cm; the newly sprayed and planted concrete base material is constructed by adopting a wet spraying process, namely, the newly sprayed and planted concrete base material comprises a base layer with the thickness of 9cm and a surface layer with the thickness of 1 cm.
The base layer is composed of loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, organic matters, long-acting fertilizers, common compound fertilizers and soil binders, and the construction ratio of the base layer is (per cubic newly-mixed base material): 0.4m loam30.15m for organic matter345kg of cement, 35kg of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.6kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.6kg of common compound fertilizer and 0.2kg of soil adhesive; wherein the volume of the organic Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 50 percent, and the volume of the rotten rice hull or vinasse accounts for 50 percent; the grass fiber is crushed straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matters and cementLong-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing the components and making the volume of the mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive and soil adhesive are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and sprayed.
The surface layer is composed of loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, common compound fertilizers, long-acting fertilizers, soil adhesives, organic matters and plant seeds, and the construction ratio of the surface layer is (per cubic fresh mixed base material): 0.4m loam30.10m of organic matter325kg of cement, 25kg of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.8kg of common compound fertilizer, 0.8kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.3kg of soil binder and 150g of plant seeds; the plant seeds are selected from magnolia liliflora, amorpha fruticosa, alfalfa, hippophae rhamnoides, manila, white clover, zoysia japonica and zinnia elegans; each plant is not less than 3 g; wherein the ratio of the number of the herbaceous and shrub particles in the plant seeds is 3: 1; the volume of the organic matter Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 30 percent, and the volume of the rotten rice husk or vinasse accounts for 70 percent; the grass fiber is crushed straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive, soil adhesive and plant seeds are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and sprayed.
The cement is ordinary portland cement.
The loam is surface soil, the soil depth is less than 3m, and sand grains with the grain size of more than 0.75cm are removed.
The soil adhesive is polyacrylamide and also serves as a water retention agent.
The long-acting fertilizer is a long-acting compound fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4: 5: 2; the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the common compound fertilizer is 3: 2: 2.
the wet spraying construction selects a Senrick HPB80120K type wet type foreign soil spray seeder, and adopts a construction mode of multiple layered spraying to achieve the design of the spraying layer thickness (3 times of spraying of a base layer and 1 time of spraying of a surface layer).
Construction example 3
A roadbed slope (cutting slope) of a certain highway in North China is granite, complete in rock, 75 degrees in slope and 60m in height. The ecological slope protection method is used for ecological slope protection.
Laying plastic three-dimensional net on the slope, laying planar plastic net with 5cm × 5cm meshes, binding several positions of top of three-dimensional net with planar net, fixing planar net on the slope
A deformed steel anchor rod; the anchor rods are inserted into the slope surface by 40cm at a distance of 1m multiplied by 1m and exposed by 8-10 cm. The distance between the plane net and the slope surface is 7-8 cm; the newly sprayed and planted concrete base material is constructed by adopting a wet spraying process, namely, the newly sprayed and planted concrete base material comprises a base layer with the thickness of 9cm and a surface layer with the thickness of 2 cm.
The base layer is composed of loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, organic matters, long-acting fertilizers, common compound fertilizers and soil binders, and the construction ratio of the base layer is (per cubic newly-mixed base material): 0.2m loam30.15m for organic matter350kg of cement, 40kg of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.8kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.7kg of common compound fertilizer and 0.3kg of soil binder; wherein the volume of the organic Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 50 percent, and the volume of the rotten rice hull or vinasse accounts for 50 percent; the grass fiber is broken wheat straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive and soil adhesive are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and sprayed.
The surface layer is composed of loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, common compound fertilizers, long-acting fertilizers, soil adhesives, organic matters and plant seeds, and the construction ratio of the surface layer is (per cubic fresh mixed base material): 0.2m loam30.10m of organic matter330kg of cement, 30kg of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.5kg of common compound fertilizer, 1.2kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.3kg of soil binder and 200g of plant seeds; the plant seeds are selected from flos Magnoliae, amorpha fruticosa, herba Medicaginis, herba Viticis Cannabifoliae, radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae, radix Cynodonis Canadensis, Lolium perenne, and Sphaeranthus indicus; each plant is not less than 3 g; wherein the ratio of the number of the herbaceous and shrub particles in the plant seeds is 3: 2; the organic matter Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 40% in volume, and the rotten rice hull or vinasse accounts for 60% in volume(ii) a The grass fiber is crushed straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive, soil adhesive and plant seeds are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and sprayed.
The cement is portland cement.
The loam is surface soil, the soil depth is less than 3m, and sand grains with the grain size of more than 0.75cm are removed.
The soil adhesive is polyacrylamide and also serves as a water retention agent.
The long-acting fertilizer is a long-acting compound fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3: 5: 2; the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the common compound fertilizer is 2: 2: 2.
the wet spraying construction selects a Senrick HPB80120K type wet type foreign soil spray seeder, and adopts a construction mode of multiple layered spraying to achieve the design of the spraying layer thickness (5-time spraying of a base layer and 2-time spraying of a surface layer).
Claims (7)
1. The wet spraying vegetation concrete ecological slope protection method comprises the following steps that a plane net (1) and an anchor rod (2) are arranged on a slope surface, and the method is characterized in that: the plane net (1) is embedded in the sprayed layer of the newly sprayed concrete base material; the newly sprayed vegetation concrete base material spraying layer mainly comprises loam, cement, wet sprayed vegetation concrete additives, organic matters, long-acting fertilizers, common compound fertilizers and soil adhesives; the newly sprayed and planted concrete base material spray layer is constructed by adopting a wet spraying process, namely the base material composition materials are added with water and stirred into slurry, and then the slurry is sprayed on the slope surface by using a wet spraying machine to form the base material spray layer; the base material spraying layer comprises a base layer (3) and a surface layer (4), and the surface layer (4) also contains plant seeds;
the base layer (3) comprises loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, organic matters, long-acting fertilizers, common compound fertilizers and soil adhesives, and the construction proportion and the preparation method of the base layer based on each cubic fresh mixing base material are as follows: 0.2-0.6m loam30.1-0.15m of organic matter320-50kg of cement, 15-40kg of wet spraying vegetation concrete additive and long-acting effect0.4-0.8kg of fertilizer, 0.3-0.7kg of common compound fertilizer and 0.1-0.3kg of soil adhesive; wherein, the volume of the organic Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 40 to 50 percent, and the volume of the rotten rice hull or vinasse accounts for 50 to 60 percent; the grass fiber is crushed straw or crushed wheat straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive and soil adhesive are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and then sprayed;
the surface layer (4) comprises loam, cement, wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additives, common compound fertilizers, long-acting fertilizers, soil adhesives, organic matters and plant seeds, and the construction proportion and the preparation method of the surface layer based on each cubic fresh mixing base material are as follows: 0.2-0.6m loam30.1-0.2m of organic matter30-30kg of cement, 0-25kg of wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive, 0.5-0.8kg of common compound fertilizer, 0.4-1.2kg of long-acting fertilizer, 0.2-0.3kg of soil binder and 100-200g of plant seeds; wherein the ratio of the number of the herbaceous and shrub particles in the plant seeds is 2-3: 1-2; the organic matter Chinese herbal fiber accounts for 20-40% in volume, and the rotten rice husk or vinasse accounts for 60-80% in volume; the grass fiber is crushed straw or crushed wheat straw with the length of 20-80 mm; when preparing the base material, firstly adding water, then adding loam, organic matter, cement, long-acting fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, fully mixing them and making the volume of mixture be 1m3Finally, wet spraying vegetation concrete additive, soil adhesive and plant seeds are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and sprayed;
the wet spraying vegetation concrete additive is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparation of composite bacterial powder a:
mixing 5-8 parts by weight of raw material strains of bacillus megaterium phosphorus-solubilizing princess ridge variant, 2-4 parts by weight of pseudomonas fluorescens, 5-10 parts by weight of pseudomonas and 40-70 parts by weight of bacillus mucilaginosus, putting the mixture into a sucrose aqueous solution with the concentration of 2%, culturing the mixture for 24 hours at room temperature, and drying the mixture to obtain powder B rich in bacteria; placing 10-20 parts of slow-growing rhizobia or Morania sinorhizobium or a mixture of the slow-growing rhizobia and the Morania sinorhizobia in amorpha fruticosa into an aqueous solution with the sucrose concentration of 2% and the urea concentration of 0.5% for culturing at room temperature for 72 hours, and drying to obtain powder C containing bacteria; finally, mixing the powder B and the powder C to obtain powder A;
the slow rooting rhizobium in the raw material bacteria amorpha fruticosa and the sinorhizobium in the moraxella are added in any proportion when mixed and adopted;
(2) preparing composite bacterial powder D:
putting 20-30 parts of raw material strains of trichoderma viride, 10-15 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 15-20 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae into an aqueous solution containing 8% of starch, 2% of glucose and 1% of agar by weight, culturing for 24 hours at room temperature, and drying to obtain powder D containing bacteria;
(3) preparation of mixture E:
mixing 8-15 parts of gypsum powder, 40-45 parts of powdered rock phosphate and 10-15 parts of iron ore powder in parts by weight, and drying to obtain a mixture E;
(4) preparing a wet spraying vegetation concrete additive:
fully mixing 1-2 parts by weight of powder A, 1-2 parts by weight of powder D and 80-90 parts by weight of mixture E to obtain a wet-sprayed vegetation concrete additive;
the grain diameters of the used iron ore powder and the used phosphate rock powder are 40-60 meshes; the particle size of the gypsum powder is 100-200 meshes;
the water content of the powder A, the powder D and the mixture E is less than 8 percent;
the gypsum powder is beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum powder;
the effective viable count of the used raw material strains is more than 0.20 hundred million/g.
2. The wet-sprayed vegetation concrete ecological slope protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the loam is surface soil, the soil depth is less than 3m, and sand grains with the grain size of more than 0.75cm are removed.
3. The wet-sprayed vegetation concrete ecological slope protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soil adhesive is polyacrylamide and also serves as a water retention agent.
4. The wet-sprayed vegetation concrete ecological slope protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the long-acting fertilizer is a long-acting compound fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3-4: 4-5: 1-2; the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the common compound fertilizer is 2-3: 1-2: 1-2.
5. The wet-sprayed vegetation concrete ecological slope protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the base layer (3) is 5-10cm, and the thickness of the surface layer (4) is 1-2 cm.
6. The wet-sprayed vegetation concrete ecological slope protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plane net (1) is replaced by a three-dimensional net and a plane net; when the three-dimensional net and the plane net are adopted, the lower layer is the three-dimensional net, and the upper layer is the plane net.
7. The construction method of the wet-sprayed vegetation concrete ecological slope protection method of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) slope surface net laying: laying a plane net on the slope surface and fixing the plane net by using anchor rods, wherein the anchor rods are inserted into the slope surface at certain intervals and exposed;
2) preparing a vegetation concrete base material;
3) the vegetation concrete base material is sprayed by adopting a wet spraying process, a base layer and a surface layer are respectively constructed, and the thickness of a sprayed layer is designed by adopting a construction mode of multiple layered spraying.
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