CN110512070B - Equipment and method for refining grains by non-contact ultrasonic vibration - Google Patents
Equipment and method for refining grains by non-contact ultrasonic vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN110512070B CN110512070B CN201910792245.5A CN201910792245A CN110512070B CN 110512070 B CN110512070 B CN 110512070B CN 201910792245 A CN201910792245 A CN 201910792245A CN 110512070 B CN110512070 B CN 110512070B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for thinning crystal grains by non-contact ultrasonic vibration, wherein the lower end of an ultrasonic vibration head penetrates through a box cover and is propped against a vibration plate, the vibration plate is connected with a vibration plate connecting piece, the vibration plate connecting piece penetrates through a fixing plate, the lower end of the vibration plate connecting piece is connected with ceramic, a spring is sleeved on the vibration plate connecting piece between the vibration plate and the fixing plate, the fixing plate is connected to the box cover through a plurality of fixing plate connecting rods, a crucible is arranged in the box body, an induction coil is arranged on the periphery. The method comprises the following steps: melting metal in a crucible and then preserving heat; cooling the metal melt to a pasty area, immersing the ceramic into the molten metal, and applying ultrasonic vibration; removing the ceramic from the metal after vibrating for a period of time; and fourthly, removing the refined metal out of the crucible and cooling the refined metal to room temperature. The invention can realize continuous ultrasonic vibration and refine crystal grains.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material processing, relates to the field of alloy grain refinement and strengthening, and particularly relates to equipment and a method for grain refinement through non-contact ultrasonic vibration.
Background
Grain refinement (i.e., reduction of primary alpha-Al grain size) is an important way to obtain good quality ingots, reduce segregation, and improve metallurgical quality. Also helps to improve the processing property of the alloy, and is one of the necessary means for improving the mechanical property of the cast alloy in industry. The ultrasonic effect has the effect of grain refinement on various alloys, the ultrasonic effect influences the microstructure of a melt through physical effects such as cavitation, acoustic flow effect, radiation pressure and the like, the structure and the performance of the material can be effectively improved, and the method is a development direction for preparing the super metal. Compared with electromagnetic stirring, ultrasonic stirring has the advantages of wide action range, uniform stirring and good degassing effect. Ultrasonic agitation has a great effect in degassing, reducing inclusions and reducing macrosegregation. However, the maximum sound production use temperature of the piezoelectric ceramic material of the ultrasonic generator is 120 ℃, and the ultrasonic vibration head is easily damaged to influence the dispersion effect due to the high melt temperature in the traditional mode of extending the ultrasonic vibration head into the melt to apply vibration.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of grain refinement of metals and alloys thereof. The method for refining the crystal grains by non-contact ultrasonic vibration can ensure that the ultrasonic vibration head continuously works for a long time and has a large refining action range.
Technical scheme
A non-contact ultrasonic vibration grain refining equipment is characterized in that: the upper end of box is equipped with the case lid, and the upper end of ultrasonic vibration head is fixed on ultrasonic vibration head supporting fixture, and the lower extreme of ultrasonic vibration head passes the case lid and pushes up on vibrating the board, and the vibration board is connected with a plurality of vibration board connecting pieces, and vibration board connecting piece passes fixed plate and the lower extreme is connected with pottery, and pottery is potsherd or ceramic post, and vibration board connecting piece cover between vibration board and the fixed plate has the spring that has the pretightning force, and the fixed plate is connected on the case lid through a plurality of fixed plate connecting rods, be equipped with a crucible in the box, the periphery of crucible is equipped with the induction coil who is used.
The lower extreme that the first support fixture that shakes of supersound passes through threaded connection on supporting the anchor clamps base, and the first one end both sides that support fixture that shakes of supersound is used for the centre gripping supersound head that shakes are the arc anchor clamps piece, and one side of arc anchor clamps piece is equipped with two hinges that control arc anchor clamps piece and open and shut, and the opposite side passes through screw nut or bolt locking.
Preferably, the vibration plate connecting piece is a refractory ceramic nail with threads on the upper side, threads on the lower side and no threads on the middle side, the vibration plate is connected with a plurality of vibration plate connecting pieces through the threads, the vibration plate connecting piece penetrates through the fixing plate, the lower end of the vibration plate connecting piece is connected with ceramic through the threads, the ceramic is a ceramic with a plurality of vertical through holes, the diameter of the ceramic is 100-10000mm, the number of the holes is 100-5000-plus, and the aperture is 3-50 mm.
The other preferable situation is that the vibration plate connecting piece is a 90-degree bent screw rod, the vibration plate is connected with a plurality of vibration plate connecting pieces, the vibration plate connecting pieces vertically penetrate through the fixing plate, the bent end parts of the lower parts of the vibration plate connecting pieces are connected to the fixing ring, jackscrews are arranged on the periphery of the fixing ring, ceramics are fixed in the fixing ring through the jackscrews, the ceramics are ceramic rods, and the diameter of the ceramics is 2-100 mm.
A linear bearing a is arranged between the ultrasonic vibration head and the box cover, and a linear bearing b is arranged between the vibration plate connecting piece and the fixing plate.
And framework oil seals are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the linear bearing a.
A method for preparing ultrasonic vibration refined grains by using the equipment is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
melting metal to be refined in a crucible and then preserving heat for a period of time;
cooling the metal melt for a period of time until the temperature of the melt is reduced to a pasty area, immersing the preheated ceramic into the molten metal, and applying ultrasonic vibration above a vibrating plate to transmit the ultrasonic vibration to the ceramic;
removing the ceramic from the metal after vibrating for a period of time;
and fourthly, removing the refined metal out of the crucible and cooling to room temperature to obtain the material of the refined grains.
And secondly, after the temperature of the metal melt is reduced to a pasty area of the metal, the ceramic vibrates for 0.5-20min in the pasty area.
And (4) preheating treatment in the second step, wherein the preheating temperature is the temperature of the metal melt, the temperature is kept for 20-60 min at the temperature, and the temperature rise rate in the preheating process is 5-50 ℃/min.
In the step I, the metal melt is kept at the temperature of 5-50 ℃ above the liquidus for 0.5-3 h.
Advantages and effects
The invention adopts a non-contact ultrasonic vibration mode, can effectively prevent the problem that the ultrasonic generator does not work when the temperature is too high or the attenuation is serious to cause the grain refinement range to be limited, can realize continuous ultrasonic vibration, is beneficial to the refinement of metal melt grains and is beneficial to the improvement of the performance of metal and alloy thereof.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a box and its internal top structure of an embodiment 1 of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 2 of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a box and its internal top structure of an embodiment 2 of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of a fixing ring of embodiment 2 of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a ceramic structure having multiple vertical vias;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the ultrasonic vibration head supporting fixture clamping the ultrasonic vibration head;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a linear bearing configuration;
FIG. 9 is a grain diagram of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni series high entropy alloys before they are refined using the present apparatus and method;
FIG. 10 is a grain diagram of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni series high entropy alloys after refining using the present apparatus and method;
FIG. 11 is a grain diagram of aluminum metal prior to refinement using the present apparatus and method;
fig. 12 is a grain diagram of aluminum metal after it has been refined using the present apparatus and method.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the ultrasonic vibration head comprises an ultrasonic vibration head, a box body 2, a box cover 3, a fixing plate connecting rod 4, a fixing plate 5, a vibrating plate 6, a vibrating plate connecting piece 7, a spring 8, a linear bearing a 9, a linear bearing b 10, a linear bearing b 11, a crucible 12, an induction coil 13, ceramic 14, a fixing ring 15, a metal melt 16, an ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 17, a supporting clamp base 18, a power supply a 19, a power supply b 20, an arc-shaped clamp sheet 21, a hinge 22, a framework oil seal 23 and a jackscrew 23.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Apparatus example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8, the non-contact ultrasonic vibration grain refining equipment has a case cover 3 at the upper end of a case body 2, an ultrasonic vibration head 1 is fixed at the upper end on an ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16, the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16 is connected to a supporting clamp base 17 through threads, and the supporting clamp base 17 has a certain weight to prevent the ultrasonic vibration head 1 from falling off during working. The ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16 is used for clamping two arc-shaped clamp pieces 20 at two sides of one end of the ultrasonic vibration head 1, two hinges 21 for controlling the arc-shaped clamp pieces 20 to open and close are arranged at one side of each arc-shaped clamp piece 20, and the other side of each arc-shaped clamp piece is locked through screws, nuts or bolts. The lower extreme of the ultrasonic vibration head 1 passes through the case lid 3 and pushes up on the vibration board 6, be equipped with linear bearing a 9 between ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the case lid 3, the upper and lower end of linear bearing a 9 is equipped with skeleton oil blanket 22, vibration board 6 is connected with a plurality of vibration board connecting pieces 7, vibration board connecting piece 7 passes fixed plate 5 and the lower extreme is connected with pottery 13, be equipped with linear bearing b 10 between vibration board connecting piece 7 and the fixed plate 5, pottery 13 is potsherd or ceramic post, vibration board connecting piece 7 cover between vibration board 6 and the fixed plate 5 has the spring 8 of compressed pretightning force, fixed plate 5 is connected on case lid 3 through a plurality of fixed plate connecting rods 4, be equipped with a crucible 11 in the box 2, the periphery of crucible 11 is equipped with induction coil 12 that is used for heating the crucible, pottery 13 is. The induction coil 12 is connected to a power supply a 18 via a power supply line, and the ultrasonic transducer 1 is connected to a power supply b 19 via a power supply line. Preferably, an opening door is arranged on one side of the box body 2 so as to facilitate experimental observation and maintenance. The vibrating plate connecting piece 7 is a refractory ceramic nail with threads on the upper side and threads on the lower side and no threads on the middle side, the vibrating plate 6 is connected with the vibrating plate connecting pieces 7 through the threads, the vibrating plate connecting pieces 7 penetrate through the fixing plate 5, the lower end of the fixing plate is connected with ceramic 13 through the threads, the ceramic 13 is ceramic with multiple vertical through holes, the diameter of the ceramic 13 is 100-10000mm, the number of the holes is 100-5000-plus-one, and the aperture is 3-50 mm.
Apparatus example 2
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8, the non-contact ultrasonic vibration grain refining equipment has a case cover 3 at the upper end of a case body 2, an ultrasonic vibration head 1 with its upper end fixed on an ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16, the ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16 with its lower end screwed on a supporting clamp base 17, the supporting clamp base 17 has a certain weight to prevent the ultrasonic vibration head 1 from falling off during operation. The ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16 is used for clamping two arc-shaped clamp pieces 20 at two sides of one end of the ultrasonic vibration head 1, two hinges 21 for controlling the arc-shaped clamp pieces 20 to open and close are arranged at one side of each arc-shaped clamp piece 20, and the other side of each arc-shaped clamp piece is locked through screws, nuts or bolts. The lower extreme of the ultrasonic vibration head 1 passes through the case lid 3 and pushes up on the vibration board 6, be equipped with linear bearing a 9 between ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the case lid 3, the upper and lower end of linear bearing a 9 is equipped with skeleton oil blanket 22, vibration board 6 is connected with a plurality of vibration board connecting pieces 7, vibration board connecting piece 7 passes fixed plate 5 and the lower extreme is connected with pottery 13, be equipped with linear bearing b 10 between vibration board connecting piece 7 and the fixed plate 5, pottery 13 is potsherd or ceramic post, vibration board connecting piece 7 cover between vibration board 6 and the fixed plate 5 has the spring 8 of compressed pretightning force, fixed plate 5 is connected on case lid 3 through a plurality of fixed plate connecting rods 4, be equipped with a crucible 11 in the box 2, the periphery of crucible 11 is equipped with induction coil 12 that is used for heating the crucible, pottery 13 is. The induction coil 12 is connected to a power supply a 18 via a power supply line, and the ultrasonic transducer 1 is connected to a power supply b 19 via a power supply line. Preferably, an opening door is arranged on one side of the box body 2 so as to facilitate experimental observation and maintenance. Vibration board connecting piece 7 is the lead screw of 90 bendings, and vibration board 6 is connected with a plurality of vibration board connecting pieces 7 through the nut, and vibration board connecting piece 7 vertically passes fixed plate 5 and the tip of lower part bending is all connected on solid fixed ring 14 of welded mode, and solid fixed ring 14 border is equipped with jackscrew 23, is fixed with pottery 13 through jackscrew 23 in the solid fixed ring 14, and pottery 13 is the ceramic rod, and the diameter of pottery is 2~100 mm.
Method example 1
A method for producing ultrasonically vibrated fined grains using an apparatus as described in apparatus example 1 or apparatus example 2 above, comprising the steps of:
melting metal aluminum to be refined into a metal melt 15 in a crucible 11, and then preserving heat for 3 hours at a temperature 5 ℃ above the liquidus line of the metal melt 15;
secondly, cooling the metal melt 15 for a period of time until the temperature of the metal melt is reduced to a pasty area of the metal, preheating the ceramic 13 at the temperature of the metal melt, and keeping the temperature at the temperature for 20min, wherein the temperature rise rate in the preheating process is 5 ℃/min. Fixing the ceramic 13 after the preheating treatment on a fixing ring 14, covering a box cover 3, immersing the ceramic 13 into molten metal, applying ultrasonic vibration above a vibrating plate 6, further conducting the ultrasonic vibration to the ceramic 13, and vibrating the ceramic 13 in a pasty area for 20 min;
thirdly, after vibrating for a period of time, loosening the ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16, and simultaneously opening the box cover 3, thereby removing the ceramic 13 from the metal;
and fourthly, removing the refined metal out of the crucible and cooling to room temperature to obtain the material of the refined grains.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, a comparison of the grain size of aluminum metal before and after refinement using the present apparatus and method. Ultrasonic vibration is applied in the metal solidification process, and due to the high energy of power ultrasonic, grown crystal grains are easily vibrated to break, so that the growth of the crystal grains can be obviously inhibited, more heterogeneous nucleation particles can be provided, the purpose of grain refinement is achieved, and the improvement of the performance of the composite material is realized.
Method example 2
A method for producing ultrasonically vibrated fined grains using an apparatus as described in apparatus example 1 or apparatus example 2 above, comprising the steps of:
melting metal aluminum to be refined into a metal melt 15 in a crucible 11, and then preserving heat for 0.5h at 50 ℃ above the liquidus line of the metal melt 15;
secondly, cooling the metal melt 15 for a period of time until the temperature of the metal melt is reduced to a pasty area of the metal, preheating the ceramic 13 at the temperature of the metal melt, and keeping the temperature at the temperature for 60min, wherein the heating rate in the preheating process is 50 ℃/min. Fixing the ceramic 13 after preheating treatment on a fixing ring 14, covering a box cover 3, immersing the ceramic 13 into molten metal, applying ultrasonic vibration above a vibrating plate 6, further transmitting the ultrasonic vibration to the ceramic 13, and vibrating the ceramic 13 in a pasty area for 0.5 min;
thirdly, after vibrating for a period of time, loosening the ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16, and simultaneously opening the box cover 3, thereby removing the ceramic 13 from the metal;
and fourthly, removing the refined metal out of the crucible and cooling to room temperature to obtain the material of the refined grains.
Ultrasonic vibration is applied in the metal solidification process, and due to the high energy of power ultrasonic, grown crystal grains are easily vibrated to break, so that the growth of the crystal grains can be obviously inhibited, more heterogeneous nucleation particles can be provided, the purpose of grain refinement is achieved, and the improvement of the performance of the composite material is realized.
Method example 3
A method for producing ultrasonically vibrated fined grains using an apparatus as described in apparatus example 1 or apparatus example 2 above, comprising the steps of:
melting Al, Cr, Fe and Ni series high-entropy alloy to be refined into a metal melt 15 in a crucible 11, and preserving heat for 0.5-3h at 25 ℃ above the liquidus line of the metal melt 15;
secondly, cooling the metal melt 15 for a period of time until the temperature of the metal melt is reduced to a pasty area of the metal, preheating the ceramic 13 at the temperature of the metal melt, and keeping the temperature at the temperature for 40 min, wherein the temperature rise rate in the preheating process is 30 ℃/min. Fixing the ceramic 13 after the preheating treatment on a fixing ring 14, covering a box cover 3, immersing the ceramic 13 into molten metal, applying ultrasonic vibration above a vibrating plate 6, further conducting the ultrasonic vibration to the ceramic 13, and vibrating the ceramic 13 in a pasty area for 10 min;
thirdly, after vibrating for a period of time, loosening the ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 16, and simultaneously opening the box cover 3, thereby removing the ceramic 13 from the metal;
and fourthly, removing the refined metal out of the crucible and cooling to room temperature to obtain the material of the refined grains.
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the grain comparison of Al, Cr, Fe and Ni based high entropy alloys before and after refinement using the present apparatus and method. The figure shows that the sound flow and cavitation effect of the power ultrasound are beneficial to the uniform distribution of the alloy phase in the melt, so that the bcc phase is more uniformly distributed, the bcc strength is higher, and the overall compression strength of the material can be improved by the bcc phase which is uniformly distributed.
Claims (10)
1. A non-contact ultrasonic vibration grain refining equipment is characterized in that: the upper end of the box body (2) is provided with a box cover (3), the upper end of the ultrasonic vibration head (1) is fixed on an ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp (16), the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head (1) penetrates through the box cover (3) and abuts against the vibration plate (6), the vibration plate (6) is connected with a plurality of vibration plate connecting pieces (7), the vibration plate connecting pieces (7) penetrate through the fixing plate (5) and are connected with ceramics (13) at the lower end, a spring (8) with pretightening force is sleeved on the vibration plate connecting piece (7) between the vibration plate (6) and the fixing plate (5), the fixing plate (5) is connected onto the box cover (3) through a plurality of fixing plate connecting rods (4), a crucible (11) is arranged in the box body (2), the periphery of the crucible (11) is provided with an induction coil (12) for heating the crucible, and the ceramics;
the ceramic (13) is a ceramic with a plurality of vertical through holes, the diameter of the ceramic (13) is 10000mm, the number of the holes is 5000 mm and the aperture is 3-50 mm.
2. The apparatus for grain refinement by noncontact ultrasonic vibration according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic vibration head support clamp is characterized in that the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head support clamp (16) is connected to a support clamp base (17) through threads, the two sides of one end, used for clamping the ultrasonic vibration head (1), of the ultrasonic vibration head support clamp (16) are arc-shaped clamp pieces (20), one side of each arc-shaped clamp piece (20) is provided with two hinges (21) for controlling the arc-shaped clamp pieces (20) to open and close, and the other side of each arc-shaped clamp piece is locked through screws, nuts or bolts.
3. The apparatus for grain refinement by noncontact ultrasonic vibration according to claim 1, wherein: the vibrating plate connecting pieces (7) are fire-resistant ceramic nails with threads on the upper sides and threads on the lower sides and without threads on the middle sides, the vibrating plate (6) is connected with the vibrating plate connecting pieces (7) through threads, and the vibrating plate connecting pieces (7) penetrate through the fixing plate (5) and are connected with ceramic (13) through threads at the lower ends.
4. The apparatus for grain refinement by noncontact ultrasonic vibration according to claim 1, wherein: the vibrating plate connecting piece (7) is a lead screw bent by 90 degrees, the vibrating plate (6) is connected with a plurality of vibrating plate connecting pieces (7), the vibrating plate connecting pieces (7) vertically penetrate through the fixing plate (5) and the bent ends of the lower portion of the vibrating plate connecting pieces are connected to the fixing ring (14), jackscrews (23) are arranged on the periphery of the fixing ring (14), and ceramics (13) are fixed in the fixing ring (14) through the jackscrews (23).
5. The apparatus for grain refinement by noncontact ultrasonic vibration according to claim 1, wherein: a linear bearing a (9) is arranged between the ultrasonic vibration head (1) and the box cover (3), and a linear bearing b (10) is arranged between the vibration plate connecting piece (7) and the fixing plate (5).
6. The apparatus for grain refinement by noncontact ultrasonic vibration according to claim 5, wherein: and the upper end and the lower end of the linear bearing a (9) are provided with framework oil seals (22).
7. A method for producing ultrasonic vibration refined grains using the apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
melting metal to be refined in a crucible (11) and then preserving heat for a period of time;
secondly, cooling the metal melt (15) for a period of time until the temperature of the melt is reduced to a pasty area, immersing the ceramic (13) subjected to preheating treatment into the molten metal, and applying ultrasonic vibration above the vibrating plate (6) so as to transmit the ultrasonic vibration to the ceramic (13);
removing the ceramic (13) from the metal after vibrating for a period of time;
and fourthly, removing the refined metal out of the crucible and cooling the refined metal to room temperature to obtain the material of the refined crystal grains.
8. The method for producing ultrasonic vibration refined grains according to claim 7, characterized in that: and secondly, after the temperature of the metal melt (15) is reduced to a pasty area of the metal, the ceramic (13) vibrates in the pasty area for 0.5-20 min.
9. The method for producing ultrasonic vibration refined grains according to claim 7, characterized in that: and in the preheating treatment in the second step, the preheating temperature is the temperature of the metal melt (15), the heat is preserved for 20-60 min at the temperature, and the temperature rise rate in the preheating process is 5-50 ℃/min.
10. The method for producing ultrasonic vibration refined grains according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step I, the temperature of the metal melt (15) is kept for 0.5 to 3 hours at the temperature of 5 to 50 ℃ above the liquidus.
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| CN115647335A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-31 | 山东大学 | Metal solidification device and method with multi-physical-field coupling effect |
| CN117701923A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2024-03-15 | 光微半导体材料(宁波)有限公司 | Grain refinement method for high-purity material |
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| JPS54155122A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-06 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Ultrasonic continuous casting |
| CN101708543B (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2011-11-30 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for preparing semisolid metal slurry by mixing vibration |
| CN101539365B (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2011-01-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Smelting furnace with mechanical agitation and high-energy ultrasonic processing and smelting method thereof |
| CN101773907B (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-10-05 | 严锦璇 | Forceps-shaped ultrasonic processor and application thereof |
| CN204975283U (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2016-01-20 | 黑龙江科技大学 | High alloy wear resistant cast iron tissue refines device |
| CN206811116U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-29 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | Ultrasonic assistant alloy melt Casting Equipment |
| CN109482845A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-19 | 昆明理工大学 | A method of ingot casting surface crackle is reduced with semi-solid processing mode and refines crystal grain |
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Effective date of registration: 20221117 Address after: 113122 No. 2604-34, No. 60, Zhongli chengyuefu, Xiangyu Road, Shenfu New District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Patentee after: Liaoning Zhongke Boyan Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.111 Shenyang West Liaoning Economic Development Zone Patentee before: SHENYANG University OF TECHNOLOGY |