CN110511405B - Antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to preparation and application of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel based on a thiol click chemical reaction, and belongs to the field of biomass materials. The keratin powder grafted with the quaternary ammonium salt is obtained by taking keratin extracted by a reduction method as a base material, dissolving the keratin in deionized water, adding the alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt and the amine catalyst, adjusting the pH to 8-11, stirring at room temperature, reacting for 0.5-5 hours, dialyzing, and freeze-drying, wherein the keratin powder can form the antibacterial hydrogel under the condition of pH 9-10. The method has the advantages of simple reaction operation, mild conditions, high synthesis speed, high product yield and easy purification. The obtained hydrogel has good antibacterial performance on gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, and is beneficial to the application of the hydrogel in the field of medical materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomass materials, and particularly relates to an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Keratin is a natural protein that can be extracted from the epidermal structures of animal hair, nails, or feathers by oxidation and reduction. It has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and low cytotoxicity, and simultaneously has the potential of forming a defined three-dimensional microstructure, which supports cell infiltration, proliferation and cell-guided tissue formation, making keratin a potential candidate for application in the biomedical field. Proper wound care is critical to prevent infection and further related complications, and studies have shown that keratin-based hydrogels have the ability to enhance fibroblast attachment and proliferation, improve keratinocyte migration and collagen expression, and accelerate wound healing. Wenfeng Li et al [ Li W, Gao F, Kan J, et al, Synthesis and characterization of a key-conjugated insulin hydrogel for the enhancement of ground health, colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces,2019,175: 436-. The hydrogel is based on excellent wound healing and hemostatic effects of keratin and collagen deposition regulating ability of insulin to enhance full-thickness skin regeneration. Qin Zhu et al [ Qin Zhu, Yuhua Gong, Tingwang Guo, et al, thermo-sensitive Keratin hydrogel against iron-induced brain in a tissue after experiment, International Journal of pharmaceuticals, 2019,566: 342) 351 ] synthesized thermally sensitive keratin-g-PNIPAM polymers with different grafting ratios by radical polymerization and prepared a deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) loaded thermally sensitive keratin hydrogel (TKG) using oxidative crosslinking. By varying the grafting ratio of keratin to NIPAM, the lower critical solution temperature of TKG can be adjusted to 28.5 to 31.8 deg.C, and TKG can easily fill the complex shape of diseased cavity due to the nature of sol-gel transition. CN105218835A discloses a method for obtaining temperature-pH dual-sensitive polymer gel by using feather keratin as a biopolymer matrix and sequentially polymerizing temperature-sensitive monomers and acid-sensitive monomers on the feather keratin matrix in situ in a step-by-step polymerization manner. Although responsive keratin-based hydrogels have been developed with a number of techniques, conventional keratin hydrogels still face the risk of infection from microbial attack, and the disclosed methods are prone to the production of oligomeric and/or polymeric byproducts in the preparation of keratin-based hydrogels.
Therefore, further search for antimicrobial keratin-based hydrogels remains an important research and development topic in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention firstly provides a preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel. The method has the advantages of simple reaction operation, mild conditions, high synthesis speed, high product yield and easy separation and purification.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel. The obtained keratin-based hydrogel has excellent antibacterial property.
The preparation method of the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel provided by the invention comprises the following process steps:
(1) stirring and dissolving keratin powder extracted by a reduction method into deionized water, adding alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt and amine catalyst, adjusting the pH to 8-11, stirring at room temperature, reacting for 0.5-5 hours, dialyzing, and freeze-drying; obtaining keratin powder grafted with quaternary ammonium salt;
(2) mixing 1 part of quaternary ammonium salt grafted keratin powder and 5-10 parts of deionized water by weight, uniformly stirring, adding an alkali reagent to adjust the pH value to 9-10, and standing for 0.5-5 hours to prepare the hydrogel;
in the step (1), the usage amounts of the keratin powder, the deionized water, the alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt and the amine catalyst are respectively 1 part, 100 parts, 0.5-3.0 parts and 0.01-0.1 part by weight.
Preferably, the alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt is at least one of allyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, allyl triethyl ammonium bromide and allyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
Preferably, the amine catalyst is selected from any one of di-n-butylamine, triethylamine, n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, and di-n-propylamine.
Preferably, the keratin powder used in step (1) can be prepared by the following method: weighing 1 part by weight of raw materials, pretreating, placing the raw materials in a reducing agent with the pH of 10-13 and the concentration of 0.1-2.0 mol/L, reacting for 4-12 hours at the temperature of 40-65 ℃, filtering to obtain filtrate, dialyzing by a dialysis device with the molecular weight cutoff of 3000Da, and then freeze-drying to obtain keratin powder; wherein, the raw material in the step (1) is any one of degreased and cleaned animal hair, nails and feathers; the reducing agent is any one aqueous solution of L-cysteine, sodium sulfide, mercaptoethanol or sodium bisulfite.
Preferably, the alkali agent in the step (2) is selected from any one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the reducing agent also contains 1.0mol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate and 8.0mol/L urea.
The antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel and the preparation method thereof have at least the following beneficial effects:
the application at least comprises the following beneficial effects: (1) the preparation method has the advantages of simple related reaction operation, mild condition, high synthesis speed, high product yield and easy separation and purification; oligomers and/or polymers produced during free radical mediated reactions can be avoided. (2) The keratin grafted with the alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt still keeps the original gelling performance, and the prepared hydrogel has good antibacterial performance on gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), DMC-keratin and keratin.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be noted that the following examples are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the skilled person would be able to make insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention in light of the above teachings.
The modular "click" nature of the mercapto-michael addition reaction makes it an important tool in material science to achieve this highly efficient "green" reaction in a variety of applications ranging from small molecule synthesis to in situ polymer modification. The mercapto group is capable of undergoing a michael addition reaction, also known as a click reaction, with epoxy compounds, thiocarbamates, halides, alkenes, and alkynes under catalyst or free radical mediated conditions. The mercapto-ene click reaction has gained much attention in organic synthesis, the radical-mediated mercapto-ene reaction being mainly the hydro-thiolation of olefins in the terminal position, such addition reactions being easily initiated thermally or photochemically, with the disadvantage that oligomers and/or polymers are produced as by-products in the final product.
Thus, to overcome the above disadvantages, the present application performs the thiol-ene reaction in an ionic mechanism through an anionic reaction center, the base and nucleophile catalyzed thiol-michael reaction has the same characteristics as the typical radical mediated thiol-ene click reaction, but does not require heating or light, nor does it produce a large amount of by-products.
The quaternary ammonium salt is a compound with broad-spectrum and high-efficiency bactericidal capability. Commercially available alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salts mainly include allyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and (meth) acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and the like. The keratin extracted by the reduction method can be catalyzed by alkali and nucleophilic reagent, free sulfydryl and alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt are subjected to Michael addition reaction to obtain the keratin with quaternary ammonium salt functional groups, and the prepared keratin-based hydrogel has good antibacterial performance.
Example 1
A preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel based on a thiol click chemical reaction comprises the following steps:
(1) 100mL of 0.1mol/L L-cysteine solution was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 11.0 with 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide. Weighing 5.0g of degreased wool, cutting to 1cm, placing in the solution, heating and stirring in a water bath at 65 ℃, and reacting for 5 hours. Filtering while hot, putting the filtrate into a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3000Da for dialysis, and freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain wool keratin powder.
(2) 0.5g of wool keratin powder was weighed, added to 100mL of deionized water, and dissolved with stirring. 0.25g of allyltrimethylammonium chloride and 0.005g of di-n-butylamine were each sucked in and added to the keratin solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 8.0 with 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide. And magnetically stirring the solution at room temperature for 2 hours, dialyzing for two days after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the keratin powder containing the quaternary ammonium salt functional group.
(3) 0.2g of grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin powder is weighed and dissolved in 1.5mL of deionized water, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 10.0 by 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide, and the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel is obtained by standing at room temperature.
Example 2
A preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel based on a thiol click chemical reaction comprises the following steps:
(1) 100mL of a 2.0mol/L aqueous solution of sodium sulfide was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 13.0. 5.0g of washed and degreased human hair is cut into pieces and placed in the solution, heated and stirred in a water bath at 40 ℃ and reacted for 4 hours. Filtering while hot, putting the filtrate into a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3000Da for dialysis, and freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain human hair keratin powder.
(2) 0.5g of human hair keratin powder was weighed, added to 200mL of deionized water, and dissolved with stirring. 1.5g of acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and 0.05g of triethylamine were each taken up and added to the keratin solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 11.0 with 1.0mol/L of potassium hydroxide. And magnetically stirring the solution at room temperature for 3 hours, dialyzing for two days after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the keratin powder containing the quaternary ammonium salt functional group.
(3) 0.2g of grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin powder is weighed and dissolved in 1.2mL of deionized water, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 10.0 by 1.0mol/L of potassium hydroxide, and the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel is obtained by standing at room temperature.
Example 3
A preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel based on a thiol click chemical reaction comprises the following steps:
(1) 100mL of mercaptoethanol aqueous solution of 1.0mol/L is prepared, and the pH is adjusted to 12.0. 5.0g of the washed and defatted chicken feather was cut into 1cm and placed in the above solution, heated and stirred in a water bath at 60 ℃ and reacted for 12 hours. Filtering while hot, putting the filtrate into a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3000Da for dialysis, and freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain chicken feather keratin powder.
(2) 0.5g of chicken feather keratin powder is weighed and added into 150mL of deionized water, and stirred for dissolution. 1.0g of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride and 0.025g of n-hexylamine were each taken up and added to the keratin solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 10.0 with 2.0mol/L sodium bicarbonate. And magnetically stirring the solution at room temperature for 2.5 hours, dialyzing for two days after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the keratin powder containing the quaternary ammonium salt functional group.
(3) 0.2g of grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin powder is weighed and dissolved in 1.3mL of deionized water, 2.0mol/L sodium bicarbonate is used for adjusting the pH of the solution to 10.0, and the solution is kept stand at room temperature to obtain the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel.
Example 4
A preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel based on a thiol click chemical reaction comprises the following steps:
(1) 100mL of a 1.5mol/L aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 10.0. 5.0g of the washed and degreased cow hair was cut into pieces of 1cm and placed in the above solution, and heated and stirred in a water bath at 65 ℃ to react for 12 hours. Filtering while hot, putting the filtrate into a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3000Da for dialysis, and freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain the hair keratin powder.
(2) 0.5g of bovine hair keratin powder was weighed, added to 100mL of deionized water, and dissolved with stirring. 0.5g of allyl triethylammonium bromide and 0.010g of di-n-propylamine were each taken up and added to the keratin solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 9.0 with 1.0mol/L of sodium hydroxide. And magnetically stirring the solution at room temperature for 1.5 hours, dialyzing for two days after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the keratin powder containing the quaternary ammonium salt functional group.
(3) 0.2g of grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin powder is weighed and dissolved in 1.1mL of deionized water, 1.0mol/L of sodium hydroxide is used for adjusting the pH of the solution to 10.0, and the solution is kept stand at room temperature to obtain the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel.
Example 5
A preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel based on a thiol click chemical reaction comprises the following steps:
(1) to help break intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds to increase the keratin extraction, 100mL of 2.0 mol/L-cysteine, 0.1mol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 8mol/L aqueous urea solution, pH 11.0, were used. Grinding and crushing 5.0g of cleaned pig nail, putting the ground pig nail into the solution, heating and stirring the solution in a water bath at 55 ℃, and reacting the solution for 6 hours. Filtering while hot, putting the filtrate into a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3000Da for dialysis, and freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain ungula Sus Domestica keratin powder.
(2) 0.5g of ungula Sus Domestica protein powder is weighed and added into 120mL of deionized water, and stirred to dissolve. 0.75g of allyltrimethylammonium bromide and 0.020g of n-butylamine were each sucked up and added to the keratin solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 8.0 with 1.0mol/L of potassium hydroxide. The solution is magnetically stirred for 1.0 hour at room temperature, dialyzed for two days after the reaction is finished, and freeze-dried to obtain the keratin powder containing the quaternary ammonium salt functional group.
(3) 0.2g of grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin powder is weighed and dissolved in 1.5mL of deionized water, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 10.0 by 1.0mol/L of potassium hydroxide, and the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel is obtained by standing at room temperature.
Example 6
A preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel based on a thiol click chemical reaction comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.5g of hydrolyzed keratin produced by Beijing Lingbao scientific Co., Ltd is weighed and added to 100mL of deionized water, and stirred to dissolve. 0.25g of allyltrimethylammonium chloride and 0.005g of di-n-butylamine were each sucked up and added to the keratin solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 8.0 with 2.0mol/L of sodium hydrogencarbonate. And magnetically stirring the solution at room temperature for 1.0 hour, dialyzing for two days after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the keratin powder containing the quaternary ammonium salt functional group.
(2) 0.2g of grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin powder is weighed and dissolved in 1.2mL of deionized water, 2.0mol/L sodium bicarbonate is used for adjusting the pH of the solution to 10.0, and the solution is kept stand at room temperature to obtain the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel.
Example 7
A preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel based on a thiol click chemical reaction comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.5g of hydrolyzed keratin produced by Beijing Lingbao scientific Co., Ltd is weighed and added to 100mL of deionized water, and stirred to dissolve. 1.5g of acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and 0.05g of triethylamine were each taken up and added to the keratin solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 11.0 with 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide. And magnetically stirring the solution at room temperature for 2 hours, dialyzing for two days after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the keratin powder containing the quaternary ammonium salt functional group.
(2) 0.2g of grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin powder is weighed and dissolved in 1.3mL of deionized water, 1.0mol/L of sodium hydroxide is used for adjusting the pH of the solution to 10.0, and the solution is kept stand at room temperature to obtain the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel.
Comparative example 1
(1) 0.5g of the wool keratin powder obtained in step (1) of example 1 was weighed, added to 20mL of deionized water, and dissolved with stirring. 0.5g of allyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is sucked and added into the keratin solution, the pH of the solution is adjusted to 10.5 by 1.0mol/L of sodium hydroxide, and nitrogen is introduced for deaeration. 0.05g azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride (used as initiator) was added and stirred at 70 ℃ for 3 hours. Dialyzing for two days after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the keratin powder containing the quaternary ammonium salt functional group.
(2) Weighing 0.2g of grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin powder, dissolving in 1.2mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH of the solution to 9-10 by using 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide, and standing at room temperature to obtain the antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel.
Test example 1
(1) 0.15g of the quaternary ammonium salt functional group-containing keratin powder obtained in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 1 was weighed out in a 5mL centrifuge tube, and the quaternary ammonium salt-ungrafted wool keratin was used as a control.
(2) All experimental materials were placed in an autoclave and sterilized at 121 ℃ under 103KPa for 20 min. After sterilization, preparing the antibacterial keratin hydrogel on a superclean bench, and the specific process comprises the following steps: adding 1mL of deionized water into each experimental sample, adjusting the pH value to 10.0 by using 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide after dissolving, standing to form gel, and preparing three parallel samples for each experimental sample.
(3) Respectively placing the prepared hydrogel into test tubes containing 3mL of nutrient broth culture solution, and adding 50 μ L of activated gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli or gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (lambda) for 18h into each test tube6250.1 to 0.2). The tube was placed in a 37 ℃ water bath and shaken. And (3) after shaking for 2 hours and 24 hours, measuring the absorbance value of the sampling solution or diluting the sampling solution by a certain multiple to carry out plate coating, and comparing the antibacterial effects of different samples.
Results
TABLE 1 examples and comparative examples Keratin-based hydrogels for E.coli and S.aureus resistance
From Table 1, it can be seen that the grafted quaternary ammonium salt keratin-based hydrogel has good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureusPerformance, and better antibacterial effect along with the increase of action time. As shown in fig. 1, alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salts have-C ═ H at chemical shifts 6.0 and 5.72The characteristic absorption peaks of (a) do not appear in the hydrogen spectrum of the grafted quaternary ammonium keratin, while other characteristic absorption peaks appear, indicating that base and nucleophile mediated keratin thiol-ene click chemistry is feasible without producing oligomers and/or polymers. The content of sulfydryl of the grafted keratin containing alkenyl quaternary ammonium salt is determined by an Ellamn reagent, about 40 percent of sulfydryl is not reacted, and the modified keratin is favorable for keeping the original gelling performance.
In conclusion, the method utilizes the mercapto-alkene click chemistry reaction to successfully graft the alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt onto the keratin extracted by the reduction method, and simultaneously, the obtained product has high yield and is easy to separate and purify; the method effectively avoids the generation of a large amount of oligomers and/or polymers in the process of free radical mediated reaction through the amine catalyst; the keratin grafted with the alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt prepared by the method still maintains the original gelling performance, and the obtained hydrogel has good antibacterial performance to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, thereby being beneficial to the application of the hydrogel in the field of medical materials.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel comprises the following process steps:
(1) stirring and dissolving keratin powder into deionized water, adding an alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt and an amine catalyst, adjusting the pH to 8-11, stirring at room temperature, reacting for 0.5-5 hours, dialyzing, and freeze-drying; obtaining keratin powder grafted with quaternary ammonium salt;
(2) mixing 1 part of the quaternary ammonium salt grafted keratin powder with 5-10 parts of deionized water by mass, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value to 9-10, and standing for 0.5-5 hours to obtain the hydrogel;
in the step (1), the keratin powder, the deionized water, the alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt and the amine catalyst are respectively 1 part, 100 parts, 0.5-3.0 parts and 0.01-0.1 part by weight;
wherein the alkenyl-containing quaternary ammonium salt is any one of allyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, allyl triethyl ammonium bromide or allyl trimethyl ammonium bromide;
wherein, the amine catalyst is any one of di-n-butylamine, triethylamine, n-butylamine, n-hexylamine or di-n-propylamine;
wherein, the keratin powder used in step (1) can be prepared by the following method: weighing 1 part by mass of raw materials, pretreating, placing the raw materials in a reducing agent with the pH of 10-13 and the concentration of 0.1-2.0 mol/L, reacting for 4-12 hours at the temperature of 40-65 ℃, filtering to obtain filtrate, dialyzing by a dialysis device with the molecular weight cutoff of 3000Da, and then freeze-drying to obtain keratin powder; wherein, the raw material in the step (1) is any one of degreased and cleaned animal hair, nails and feathers; the pretreatment comprises the steps of mashing, shearing, dicing and crushing the raw materials, wherein the reducing agent is any one of aqueous solution of L-cysteine, sodium sulfide, mercaptoethanol or sodium bisulfite.
2. The method for preparing an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent further comprises 1mol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate and 8mol/L urea.
3. An antibacterial keratin hydrogel produced by the method for producing an antibacterial keratin-based hydrogel according to claim 1 or 2.
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| KR20080110274A (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | 서울산업대학교 산학협력단 | Unsaturated biomolecule grafting-based chitosan hydrogel and manufacturing method therefor |
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