CN110470695A - A kind of bulk container boiling experimental system - Google Patents
A kind of bulk container boiling experimental system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110470695A CN110470695A CN201910820552.XA CN201910820552A CN110470695A CN 110470695 A CN110470695 A CN 110470695A CN 201910820552 A CN201910820552 A CN 201910820552A CN 110470695 A CN110470695 A CN 110470695A
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Abstract
A kind of bulk container boiling experimental system, belongs to measurement convective heat-transfer coefficient field.The problem of " film boiling " stage of " bulk container boiling " process can not be simulated by solving existing experimental system, lead to experimental system deficient function, can not carry out " bulk container boiling " Whole Process Simulation.Liquid refrigerant is filled in sealed chamber, and heating rod is additionally provided in it, liquid refrigerant is low-boiling point liquid substance, as heating rod surface temperature constantly increases, heating rod constantly conducts heat to liquid refrigerant, and the heat exchange between liquid refrigerant and heating rod surface is successively after following 4 stages: free convection stage, nucleate boiling stage, transition boiling stage, film boiling stage；Computer, obtains the convective heat-transfer coefficient h of liquid refrigerant under respective stage, and is shown, to complete the simulation of liquid refrigerant bulk container boiling convective heat transfer overall process.Present invention is mainly used for " bulk container boiling " Whole Process Simulation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to measure convective heat-transfer coefficient field more particularly to a kind of measurement bulk container boiling convective heat-transfer coefficient
Teaching experiment system.
Background technique
Convective heat transfer using very extensive, is answered in the production technical fields such as energy source and power, chemical industry, machinery, communications and transportation
Key is acquisition convective heat-transfer coefficient and influence factor, is strengthened or weakened heat transfer according to requirement of engineering.In engineering
Convective heat transfer be diabatic process that fluid flows through the convection current that occurs when the surface of solids and conduction synergy, convective heat-transfer coefficient
The exchange capability of heat of fluid and the surface of solids is reflected, physical significance is when the temperature difference between fluid and the surface of solids is 1K
When, the heat that unit wall surface area can be transmitted in the unit time, unit is W/ (m2K).Energy source and power class Major understands
With grasp convective heat-transfer coefficient measuring method, there is weight for the theoretic comprehension and practical engineering application ability of deepening convective heat transfer
Want meaning.
Bulk container boiling is a kind of form of convective heat transfer, refers to liquid under Natural Convection Conditions, heating wall immerses
The boiling occurred in Free Surface liquid.With wall superheat degree Δ t (heating wall is poor with average temperature of liquid, DEG C)
It increases, the heat exchange between liquid and heating wall, which is understood, 4 stages successively occurs: the free convection stage → nucleate boiling stage →
The transition boiling stage → film boiling stage.In fluidized state is converted by " nucleate boiling " to " film boiling ", heating wall
Upper heat flow density must reach peak value (critical heat flux density), and steam film layer, which can wrap up heating pipe surface, at this time causes thermal resistance to increase,
Heating tube generates heat and can not spread out of in time, or leads to equipment burnout.To boiler water wall, nuclear reactor cooling, evaporative condenser
For the similar Thermal Equipment such as device, " film boiling " occur does not allow, it is necessary to be monitored.In teaching experiment, because of meeting
Cause experiment component to burn, " film boiling " stage of " bulk container boiling " process cannot be simulated, deficient function, experiment effect is not
It is good.
So far, the bulk container boiling convective heat-transfer coefficient sensing equipment that laboratory uses mainly adopts water as work
Matter, and open type design (such as: beaker), using auxiliary heater heating water to saturation state, stainless steel tube is as heating tube, silicon
(selenium) rectifier provides heated current, is only capable of simulation free convection stage → stage in nucleate boiling stage two, can not simulate " big
" film boiling " stage of container boiling " process, deficient function.For teaching experiment purposes, safe and stable, overall process mould
There are no correlations to record in the prior art for quasi-, measurement bulk container boiling convective heat-transfer coefficient experimental system, therefore, problem above
Urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that " bulk container boiling " process " film boiling " stage can not be simulated to solve existing experimental system,
The problem of leading to experimental system deficient function, can not carrying out " bulk container boiling " Whole Process Simulation, the present invention provides a kind of big
Container boiling experimental system.
A kind of bulk container boiling experimental system, including computer, power regulation master station, sealed chamber and data acquisition
Instrument；
Be filled with liquid refrigerant in sealed chamber, and be additionally provided with heating rod in it, the heating rod be used for liquid refrigerant into
Row heating, liquid refrigerant flood heating rod；
Wherein, liquid refrigerant is low-boiling point liquid substance, and the boiling point of low-boiling point liquid substance is lower than 50 degree；
Power regulation master station is for being adjusted the heating power Φ of heating rod, as heating rod surface temperature is continuous
Increase, heating rod constantly conducts heat to liquid refrigerant, the heat exchange between liquid refrigerant and heating rod surface successively after
Following 4 stages: free convection stage, nucleate boiling stage, transition boiling stage, film boiling stage；
Data collecting instrument is used to acquire the average surface temperature t of the heating rod under each stage1With the seal chamber under each stage
The temperature t of indoor liquid refrigerant2, and the result of acquisition is sent to computer and is shown；
Computer is also used to the average surface temperature of the heating surface (area) (HS A according to heating rod, the heating rod under respective stage
t1, liquid refrigerant under respective stage temperature t2And the heating power Φ of the heating rod under respective stage, obtain respective stage
The convective heat-transfer coefficient h of lower liquid refrigerant, and shown, to complete liquid refrigerant bulk container boiling convective heat transfer overall process
Simulation；
Wherein,Δ t indicates the average surface temperature of heating rod and the temperature of liquid refrigerant temperature
Difference.
Preferably, sealed chamber is made of the transparent organic glass round tube that upper and lower two ports seal, and this has
The upper port of machine glass round tube is sealed by upper cover plate and upper flange plate, lower port by lower cover plate and lower flange into
Row sealing；
Insulation pedestal, cooling coil, working medium temperature probe and 2n thermocouple, the value of n are additionally provided in sealed chamber is
Positive integer；
Insulation pedestal, which is fixed on the lower cover plate of organic glass round tube and is insulated pedestal, is fixed with heating rod；
Cooling coil is arranged in the cavity on organic glass round tube top, and the inlet/outlet of cooling coil passes through upper cover
Plate is drawn, and cooling coil is for being adjusted the indoor steam pressure of seal chamber；
Working medium temperature probe is used to detect the temperature of liquid refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant temperature of acquisition is sent to data and is adopted
Collect instrument；
It includes n thermocouple in two groups, every group that 2n thermocouple, which is divided into, and two groups of thermocouples are respectively used to acquisition heating rod
The temperature of two opposite sides, and the temperature that acquisition obtains is sent to data collecting instrument, data collecting instrument is to two groups of thermoelectricity
The temperature occasionally acquired is averaged, and obtains the average surface temperature t of heating rod1。
Preferably, gasket is equipped between upper cover plate and upper flange plate and between lower cover plate and lower flange.
Preferably, upper flange plate is arranged in the outside wall surface of organic glass round tube upper port, and outer with the upper port
Sealing ring is equipped between wall surface；
Lower flange is arranged in the outside wall surface of organic glass round tube lower port, and between the outside wall surface of the lower port
Equipped with sealing ring.
Preferably, a kind of bulk container boiling experimental system, further includes a steam temperature probe, the steam temperature probe
Computer is uploaded to by data collecting instrument for detecting vapor (steam) temperature in sealed chamber, and by the vapor (steam) temperature, passes through calculating
Machine shows vapor (steam) temperature.
Preferably, the value of n is 2.
Preferably, pressure outlet and exhaust outlet are additionally provided on upper cover plate.
Preferably, working medium charge and discharge mouth is additionally provided on lower cover plate.
Preferably, the packed height of liquid refrigerant is the half of sealed chamber height.
Principle explanation:
(1) operation must be exhausted in experimental system of the present invention before, with exclude to bring into when liquid working substance is filled with
Air, power regulation master station setting heating power heat heating rod, can pass through the pressure of gauge measurement sealed chamber
Power rises to 50kPa to chamber pressure, and sealed chamber is exhausted, repetitive operation 2-3 times, and gauge pressure stops row before being down to 0
Gas.
(2) in experimental system use process of the present invention, heating power can be preset again by power regulation master station
Heating rod is heated, interval 30W-50W sets heating power, 4-5 operating point is arranged, until being heated to film boiling rank
Section measures bulk container boiling convective heat-transfer coefficient under different operating conditions, can be used for teaching demonstration experiment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that difficult point of the present invention for measurement bulk container boiling convective heat-transfer coefficient, knot
It closes teaching to need, using airtight chamber, realizes the boiling under single working substance steam pressure, it can be achieved that " film boiling range " stage
Simulation, it is final to realize " bulk container boiling " Whole Process Simulation.
The present invention, as working medium, can realize boiling, working medium critical heat flux using low-boiling point liquid substance at a lower temperature
Density is low, and heating rod temperature, which soars, when transition boiling can not will cause equipment burnout in tolerance range in material.
Invention is directed to teaching experiment purposes, can also be into addition to it can measure bulk container boiling convective heat-transfer coefficient experiment
The multiple project convective heat transfer experimental teachings of row.Have many advantages, such as that one-machine-multi-function, easy to operate, stability is high, it is real through the invention
Check system can realize remote teaching.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of bulk container boiling experimental system；
Fig. 2 is the assembling exploded view of sealed chamber, and wherein appended drawing reference 400 indicates bolt.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work it is obtained it is all its
Its embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples, but not as the limitation of the invention.
Illustrate present embodiment referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of bulk container boiling experimental system described in present embodiment includes
Computer 100, power regulation master station 200, sealed chamber 300 and data collecting instrument 400；
It is filled with liquid refrigerant 301 in sealed chamber 300, and is additionally provided with heating rod 302 in it, which is used for
Liquid refrigerant 301 is heated, liquid refrigerant 301 floods heating rod 302；
Wherein, liquid refrigerant 301 is low-boiling point liquid substance, and the boiling point of low-boiling point liquid substance is lower than 50 degree；
Power regulation master station 200 is for being adjusted the heating power Φ of heating rod 302, with 302 table of heating rod
Face temperature constantly increases, and heating rod 302 constantly conducts heat to liquid refrigerant 301, liquid refrigerant 301 and 302 table of heating rod
Heat exchange between face is successively after following 4 stages: free convection stage, nucleate boiling stage, transition boiling stage, film state
Boiling stage；
Data collecting instrument 400 is used to acquire the average surface temperature t of the heating rod 302 under each stage1Under each stage
The temperature t of liquid refrigerant 301 in sealed chamber 3002, and the result of acquisition is sent to computer 100 and is shown；
Computer 100 is also used to the surface of the heating surface (area) (HS A according to heating rod 302, the heating rod 302 under respective stage
Mean temperature t1, liquid refrigerant 301 under respective stage temperature t2And the heating power of the heating rod 302 under respective stage
Φ, obtains the convective heat-transfer coefficient h of liquid refrigerant 301 under respective stage, and is shown, so that it is big to complete liquid refrigerant 301
The simulation of container boiling convective heat transfer overall process；
Wherein,Δ t indicates the average surface temperature and 301 temperature of liquid refrigerant of heating rod 302
The temperature difference.
Experimental system is boiled, it can be achieved that spreading under film boiling state using a kind of bulk container described in present embodiment
The acquisition of hot coefficient, it is final to realize from free convection stage → nucleate boiling stage → transition boiling stage → film boiling rank
Section, Whole Process Simulation.
The present invention, as working medium, can realize boiling, working medium critical heat flux using low-boiling point liquid substance at a lower temperature
Density is low, and heating rod temperature, which soars, when transition boiling can not will cause equipment burnout in tolerance range in material.
Illustrate this preferred embodiment referring to fig. 2, sealed chamber 300 transparent is had by what upper and lower two ports sealed
Machine glass round tube is constituted, and the upper port of the organic glass round tube is close by upper cover plate 303-1 and upper flange plate 304-1 progress
Envelope, lower port are sealed by lower cover plate 303-2 and lower flange 304-2；
Insulation pedestal 305, cooling coil 306, working medium temperature probe 307 and 2n thermoelectricity are additionally provided in sealed chamber 300
The value of even 308, n is positive integer；
Insulation pedestal 305, which is fixed on the lower cover plate 303-2 of organic glass round tube and is insulated pedestal 305, is fixed with heating
Stick 302；
Cooling coil 306 is arranged in the cavity on organic glass round tube top, and the inlet/outlet of cooling coil 306 is logical
Upper cover plate 303-1 extraction is crossed, cooling coil 306 is for being adjusted the steam pressure in sealed chamber 300；
Working medium temperature probe 307 is used to detect the temperature of liquid refrigerant 301, and 301 temperature of the liquid refrigerant of acquisition is sent out
It send to data collecting instrument 400；
It includes n thermocouple 308 in two groups, every group that 2n thermocouple 308, which is divided into, and two groups of thermocouples 308 are respectively used to
The temperature of two opposite sides of heating rod 302 is acquired, and the temperature that acquisition obtains is sent to data collecting instrument 400, data
The temperature that Acquisition Instrument 400 acquires two groups of thermocouples 308 is averaged, and obtains the average surface temperature t of heating rod 3021。
In this preferred embodiment, the structure of sealed chamber 300 is simple, is easy to implement, and sealed chamber 300 is using transparent
Organic glass round tube is realized, convenient for observing from free convection stage → nucleate boiling stage → transition boiling stage → film boiling
Stage, this Whole Process Simulation state.
This preferred embodiment selects two groups of thermocouples to acquire heating rods 302, and the n thermocouple 308 when application in every group divides
Cloth is on the different location of 302 ipsilateral of heating rod, and two groups of thermocouples 308 Cheng Yiyi on 302 two sides of heating rod
Corresponding relationship obtains the average heating temperature t of heating rod 3021, so that the acquisition result of convective heat-transfer coefficient h is more accurate.
It is fixed between upper cover plate 303-1 and upper flange plate 304-1 by bolt 400 in this preferred embodiment, under
It is fixed between cover board 303-2 and lower flange 304-2 by bolt 400.
In this preferred embodiment, the optimal value of n is 2.
In this preferred embodiment, it is passed through cooling water in cooling coil 306, steam in sealed chamber 300 can be carried out cold
But, it realizes and gas pressure in sealed chamber 300 is adjusted.
The measurement of 50 micron thermocouples can be used in thermocouple 308, and reaction speed is fast, and measurement accuracy is high, working medium temperature probe 307
It can be pt100 temperature probe.
Insulation pedestal 305 is made of the ceramics of insulation, it is ensured that heating rod generates heat and is used for heating working medium, improves and surveys
Accuracy of measurement.
Illustrate this preferred embodiment referring to fig. 2, between upper cover plate 303-1 and upper flange plate 304-1 and lower cover plate
Gasket 309 is equipped between 303-2 and lower flange 304-2.
In this preferred embodiment, the set-up mode of gasket 309, it is ensured that the air-tightness of sealed chamber 300, to protect
For card under a certain fixed boiling pressure, convective heat-transfer coefficient h obtains accuracy.
Illustrate this preferred embodiment referring to fig. 2, the outer wall of organic glass round tube upper port is arranged in upper flange plate 304-1
On face, and sealing ring 311 is equipped between the outside wall surface of the upper port；
Lower flange 304-2 is arranged in the outside wall surface of organic glass round tube lower port, and the outside wall surface with the lower port
Between also be provided with sealing ring 311.
In this preferred embodiment, the set-up mode of sealing ring 311, it is ensured that upper and lower flange is relative to sealed chamber 300
Stability.
Illustrate this preferred embodiment, a kind of bulk container boiling experimental system described in this preferred embodiment referring to fig. 2
It further include a steam temperature probe 310, which is used to detect vapor (steam) temperature in sealed chamber 300, and will
The vapor (steam) temperature is uploaded to computer 100 by data collecting instrument 400, shows vapor (steam) temperature by computer 100.
Teaching experiment system further includes steam temperature probe 310 in this preferred embodiment, which can
It prepares for subsequent other experiments, such as measurement triangular flute tube coefficient experiment.Steam temperature probe 310 can be surveyed for pt100
Temperature probe.
Illustrate this preferred embodiment referring to fig. 2, pressure outlet and exhaust outlet are additionally provided on upper cover plate 303-1.
Gas in this preferred embodiment, in the set-up mode adjustable sealing chamber 300 of pressure outlet and exhaust outlet
Pressure.
Illustrate this preferred embodiment referring to fig. 2, working medium charge and discharge mouth is additionally provided on lower cover plate 303-2.The working medium charge and discharge mouth
For carrying out charge and discharge to working medium.
Illustrate that this preferred embodiment, the packed height of liquid refrigerant 301 are the one of 300 height of sealed chamber referring to fig. 2
Half.The set-up mode of the packed height of this kind of liquid refrigerant 301 guarantees that test condition is optimal.
Although describing the present invention herein with reference to specific embodiment, it should be understood that, these realities
Apply the example that example is only principles and applications.It should therefore be understood that can be carried out to exemplary embodiment
Many modifications, and can be designed that other arrangements, without departing from spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims
And range.It should be understood that different appurtenances can be combined by being different from mode described in original claim
Benefit requires and feature described herein.It will also be appreciated that the feature in conjunction with described in separate embodiments can be used
Other embodiments.
Claims (9)
- The experimental system 1. a kind of bulk container boils, which is characterized in that including computer (100), power regulation master station (200), Sealed chamber (300) and data collecting instrument (400)；Liquid refrigerant (301) are filled in sealed chamber (300), and are additionally provided with heating rod (302) in it, the heating rod (302) For heating to liquid refrigerant (301), liquid refrigerant (301) floods heating rod (302)；Wherein, liquid refrigerant (301) is low-boiling point liquid substance, and the boiling point of low-boiling point liquid substance is lower than 50 degree；Power regulation master station (200) is for being adjusted the heating power Φ of heating rod (302), with heating rod (302) Surface temperature constantly increases, and heating rod (302) constantly conducts heat to liquid refrigerant (301), liquid refrigerant (301) and heating Heat exchange between stick (302) surface is successively after following 4 stages: free convection stage, nucleate boiling stage, transition boiling Stage, film boiling stage；Data collecting instrument (400) is used to acquire the average surface temperature t of the heating rod (302) under each stage1With it is close under each stage Seal the temperature t of chamber (300) interior liquid refrigerant (301)2, and the result of acquisition is sent to computer (100) and is shown；Computer (100) is also used to the table of the heating surface (area) (HS A according to heating rod (302), the heating rod (302) under respective stage Face mean temperature t1, liquid refrigerant (301) under respective stage temperature t2And the heating rod (302) under respective stage plus Thermal power Φ, obtains the convective heat-transfer coefficient h of liquid refrigerant (301) under respective stage, and is shown, to complete liquid work The simulation of matter (301) bulk container boiling convective heat transfer overall process；Wherein,Δ t indicates the average surface temperature and liquid refrigerant (301) temperature of heating rod (302) The temperature difference.
- The experimental system 2. a kind of bulk container according to claim 1 boils, which is characterized in that sealed chamber (300) by it is upper, The transparent organic glass round tube that lower two ports seal is constituted, and the upper port of the organic glass round tube passes through upper cover plate (303-1) and upper flange plate (304-1) are sealed, lower port by lower cover plate (303-2) and lower flange (304-2) into Row sealing；Insulation pedestal (305), cooling coil (306), working medium temperature probe (307) and 2n are additionally provided in sealed chamber (300) Thermocouple (308), the value of n are positive integer；Insulation pedestal (305), which is fixed on the lower cover plate (303-2) of organic glass round tube and is insulated pedestal (305) and is fixed with, to be added Hot pin (302)；Cooling coil (306) is arranged in the cavity on organic glass round tube top, and the inlet/outlet of cooling coil (306) is logical Upper cover plate (303-1) extraction is crossed, cooling coil (306) is for being adjusted the steam pressure in sealed chamber (300)；Working medium temperature probe (307) is used to detect the temperature of liquid refrigerant (301), and by the liquid refrigerant of acquisition (301) temperature It is sent to data collecting instrument (400)；It includes n thermocouple (308) in two groups, every group that 2n thermocouple (308), which is divided into, and two groups of thermocouples (308) are used respectively Temperature in two opposite sides of acquisition heating rod (302), and the temperature that acquisition obtains is sent to data collecting instrument (400), the temperature that data collecting instrument (400) acquires two groups of thermocouples (308) is averaged, and obtains the surface of heating rod (302) Mean temperature t1。
- The experimental system 3. a kind of bulk container according to claim 2 boils, which is characterized in that upper cover plate (303-1) and upper It is equipped with gasket (309) between ring flange (304-1) and between lower cover plate (303-2) and lower flange (304-2).
- The experimental system 4. a kind of bulk container according to claim 2 or 3 boils, which is characterized in that upper flange plate (304-1) It is arranged in the outside wall surface of organic glass round tube upper port, and is equipped with sealing ring (311) between the outside wall surface of the upper port；Lower flange (304-2) is arranged in the outside wall surface of organic glass round tube lower port, and with the outside wall surface of the lower port it Between also be provided with sealing ring (311).
- The experimental system 5. a kind of bulk container according to claim 1 boils, which is characterized in that further include a steam thermometric It pops one's head in (310), which leads to the vapor (steam) temperature for detecting sealed chamber (300) interior vapor (steam) temperature It crosses data collecting instrument (400) and is uploaded to computer (100), show vapor (steam) temperature by computer (100).
- The experimental system 6. a kind of bulk container according to claim 2 boils, which is characterized in that the value of n is 2.
- The experimental system 7. a kind of bulk container according to claim 2 boils, which is characterized in that on upper cover plate (303-1) also Equipped with pressure outlet and exhaust outlet.
- The experimental system 8. a kind of bulk container according to claim 2 boils, which is characterized in that on lower cover plate (303-2) also Equipped with working medium charge and discharge mouth.
- The experimental system 9. a kind of bulk container according to claim 1 boils, which is characterized in that liquid refrigerant (301) are filled out Fill the half that height is sealed chamber (300) height.
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| CN113218990A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Visual pool boiling experiment system and working method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113218990A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Visual pool boiling experiment system and working method thereof |
| CN113218990B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Visual pool boiling experiment system and working method thereof |
| WO2022222749A1 (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-27 | 江苏科技大学 | Visual pool boiling experiment system and working method therefor |
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