CN107402231A - One kind is applied under dynamic condition hot-working hydraulic characteristic research experiment device in heating rod beam passage - Google Patents
One kind is applied under dynamic condition hot-working hydraulic characteristic research experiment device in heating rod beam passage Download PDFInfo
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- CN107402231A CN107402231A CN201710793383.6A CN201710793383A CN107402231A CN 107402231 A CN107402231 A CN 107402231A CN 201710793383 A CN201710793383 A CN 201710793383A CN 107402231 A CN107402231 A CN 107402231A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of suitable for hot-working hydraulic characteristic research experiment device in heating rod beam passage under dynamic condition, experimental loop system includes water circulating pump, the first control ball valve, preheater, filter, the first lower collecting box, electromagnetic flowmeter, cluster passage experiment body, the second lower collecting box, condenser, the air bleeding valve being sequentially connected, the end of air bleeding valve is connected with water circulating pump, and water circulating pump has also been arranged in parallel the second control ball valve after being connected with the first control ball valve;The cooling water pump and cooling tower that recirculating cooling water system includes water storage box, is connected respectively with water storage box, the end of cooling water pump, the end of cooling tower are connected by pipeline with condenser respectively;Control & data acquisition system includes angular transducer, differential manometer connects with pressure gauge with thermocouple, signal picker, computer.Apparatus of the present invention are simple to operation, the experimental data that can be stablized, and contribute to scientific research and passive safety system engineering design to the flowing heat transfer in cluster passage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind to be applied under dynamic condition hot-working hydraulic characteristic research experiment device in heating rod beam passage,
Apply in atomic marine plant reactor core cluster passage thermal-hydraulic technical field.
Background technology
Nuclear energy has power density is high, good in economic efficiency, cruising time is long, cleans, be safe etc. as power source peculiar to vessel
Advantage, increasingly receive the great attention of marine settings big country.With 21 century " Maritime Silk Road " strategic idea and build
The proposition of " if ocean power " strategy, the sustainable resource of cleaning of the China to Yu Haiyang and energy demand will be increasingly urgent.Closely
Nian Lai, China actively develop water surface nuclear power platform and floating nuclear power plant.From the strategic requirement for safeguarding national marine safety
Set out, the dual-use Nuclear Power System that exploitation can adapt to complicated marine environment is the task of top priority in nuclear power industry field.
2002, Japanese national marine technical research institute, superfine researcher Hiroyuki Murata, in nuclear engineering field
Authoritative magazine《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2nd phase, publish an article in volume 215《Natural
circulation characteristics of a marine reactor in rolling motion and heat
transfer in the core》One text, this article are mentioned:Using nuclear-propelled ship by ocean condition influenceed and itself
Motor-driven effect, easily producing and the motion such as wave, oscillating motion can produce coriolis acceleration and cause the change of locus, from
And cause the flowing of nuclear reactor system and key equipment and heat-transfer character to change, cause core physics characteristic and key to set
Standby operation characteristic changes, and the working characteristics and safe operation to nuclear reactor system produce potential threaten.
Therefore in the R & D design of naval reactor, the introducing of reevaluating oscillating motion is needed to nuclear reactor thermal technology's water
The influence of force characteristic, as tested under the fluctuation of circuit system cooling agent, the stream of flowing heat transfer characteristic and system in cluster passage
Dynamic instability border etc..
For under swinging condition, the flow resistance characteristics research in adiabatic cluster passage, Harbin Engineering University's Yan's superstar
Deng during 2014 to 2015, in《Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science》,《Progress
in Nuclear Energy》,《Annals of Nuclear Energy》More correlative theses are delivered etc. famous magazine.It grinds
Study carefully result to show, very big difference be present under flow resistance characteristics and quiescent conditions in cluster circulation passage under swinging condition.However, limit
Restricted in experiment condition, its research is limited only to forced circulation Cold simulating test, does not carry out testing in heating rod beam passage.
For single-phase natural circulation characteristic under swinging condition, Harbin Engineering University Tan Sichao in 2009 teach in
《Applied Thermal Energy》(areas of JCR mono-, IF:3.04, drawn 98 times) the curly hair table of 14-15 phases 29
《Experimental and theoretical study on single-phase natural circulation flow
and heat transfer under rolling motion condition》One text, more detailed the summarizing of this article are shaken
Under the conditions of pendulum, single-phase flow and heat-transfer character in pipe in natural circulation;2012, naval engineering university, here bright fire
Associate professor in《Progress in Nuclear Energy》1st phase 54 curly hair table《The experimental and
theoretical analysis of a natural circulation system in rolling motion》One text,
This article is pointed out, under swinging condition, the heat removal capacity of natural cycle system can be affected, and especially wave severe service,
The heat removal capacity of natural cycle system can be weakened by waving, Threat Reaction heap safe operation.
On under swinging condition, two phase natural circulation flowing heat transfer and system action problem in pipe and rectangular channel,
Harbin Engineering University Tan Sichao is taught, doctor Yu Zhiting, doctor Zhang Wenchao, and doctor Wang Chang etc. is made that corresponding research, and in
《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》,《Experimental Thermal and
Fluid Science》,《Nuclear Engineering and Design》,《Annual of Nuclear Energy》Deng
Famous periodical delivers more papers.Research, which shows to wave, influences extremely complex, tradition for two phase natural circulation flowing heat transfer characteristic
Calculation formula under quiescent conditions is difficult to be applied to ocean condition.
According in the flowing heat transfer achievement in research in pipe under dynamic condition and rectangular channel and cold conditions cluster passage
Study of Flow Characteristics achievement, be not difficult speculate oscillating motion can in cluster passage it is single-phase/two phase natural circulation flowing produce
Considerable influence.To ensure under dynamic condition (waving), the safe operation of nuclear reactor, design is a set of to be used for rod under dynamic condition
Flowing heat transfer Study on Problems heating experimental provision in beam passage is extremely important.
The content of the invention
It is a kind of suitable for hot-working hydraulic characteristic in heating rod beam passage under dynamic condition the invention aims to provide
Research experiment device, be for forcing/the device of natural circulation heat transfer research in atomic marine plant cluster passage, can
With for study it is vertical it is static, tilt and the heat convection and flow resistance in the cluster passage under different motion state such as wave
Deng.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:Waving experiment porch, being arranged on and wave experiment including class sinusoidal motion
Experimental loop system, recirculating cooling water system, Control & data acquisition system on platform, the experimental loop system include according to
The water circulating pump of secondary connection, the first control ball valve, preheater, filter, the first lower collecting box, electromagnetic flowmeter, cluster passage are real
Test body, the second lower collecting box, condenser, air bleeding valve, the end of air bleeding valve is connected by pipeline with water circulating pump, water circulating pump with
The second control ball valve has also been arranged in parallel after first control ball valve connection;Recirculating cooling water system include melt pit, respectively with melt pit
The cooling water pump and cooling tower of connection, the end of cooling water pump, the end of cooling tower are connected by pipeline with condenser respectively;Control
System and data collecting system include being arranged on the angular transducer waved on experiment porch, are arranged on cluster Channel Test body
Differential manometer and pressure gauge and thermocouple, angular transducer, differential manometer and pressure gauge and thermocouple, electromagnetic flowmeter respectively with letter
The connection of number collector, signal picker are connected with computer.
Present invention additionally comprises some such architectural features:
1. it is additionally provided with voltage-stablizer between the first control ball valve and preheater.
2. the first control ball valve is opened, the working fluid is successively by water circulating pump, the first control ball valve, voltage-stablizer, preheating
Device, filter, the first lower collecting box, electromagnetic flowmeter, experiment body, the second lower collecting box, condenser, air bleeding valve, water circulating pump shape
Into forced circulation loop;Second control ball valve is opened, and the working fluid is opened by water circulating pump, the second control ball valve, be steady successively
Depressor, preheater, filter, the first lower collecting box, electromagnetic flowmeter, experiment body, the second lower collecting box, condenser, air bleeding valve, follow
Ring water pump forms natural convection loop.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Apparatus of the present invention are simple to operation, can be stablized
Experimental data, contribute to scientific research and passive safety system engineering design to the flowing heat transfer in cluster passage.
(1) present invention is in order to avoid people is because of error, and the measured value of all measurement apparatus is by acquisition system, by calculating
Machine gathers;
(2) present invention is to reduce systematic error as much as possible, there is provided enough measuring points, to prevent because of measurement apparatus
Accidental error caused by failure;
(3) present invention realizes the research of fluid interchange characteristic in cluster passage under non-vertical quiescent conditions, dynamic to deliver
Heat transfer characteristic study mechanism under the conditions of state in cluster passage provides support;
(4) multivariable of the present invention is controllable, such as system pressure, flow, entrance degree of supercooling, heating power, rolling period and angle
Degree.It can study comprehensively under different working conditions, flowing heat transfer characteristic in cluster passage;
(5) present invention can carry out Natural Circulation and forced circulation experiment respectively, by cluster passage under two kinds of operating modes
Fluid interchange situation contrast, can be deeply in understanding cluster passage under the conditions of Natural Circulation the characteristics of fluid interchange situation;
(6) overall structure of the present invention is simple, can eaily carry out installation, maintenance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is experiment body cluster passage radial cross section.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:The working fluid is deionized water, and system is as shown in figure 1, sinusoidal including class
Four experiment porch, experimental loop system, recirculating cooling water system, Control & data acquisition system parts are waved in motion.Wherein
Class sinusoidal motion is waved experiment porch and can adjusted according to demand including stand and actuating unit, its oscillation cycle, amplitude etc., in fact
Test simulation ocean condition.
Experimental loop system is as shown in figure 1, under the conditions of forced circulation, according to the flow direction of recirculated water and sequencing
Including:1. water circulating pump, the ball valves of 2-1. first, 3. voltage-stablizers, 4. preheaters, 5. filters, 6. first lower collecting box, 7. electromagnetic currents
Gauge, 8. experiment bodies, 9. second lower collecting box, 10. condensers, 11. air bleeding valves;Under the conditions of Natural Circulation, according to recirculated water
Flow direction and sequencing include:1. water circulating pump, the ball valves of 2-2. second, 3. voltage-stablizers, 4. preheaters, 5. filters,
6. lower collecting box, 7. electromagnetic flowmeters, 8. experiment bodies, 9. lower collecting box, 10. condensers, 11. air bleeding valves, all devices pass through pipe
Road be sequentially connected be three-dimensional loop, hot ascent stage and cold descending branch perpendicular to swaying platform, pass through the first control ball valve 2-
1st, the second control ball valve 2-2 can realize the switching of Natural Circulation and forced circulation.
Circulating cooling system as shown in figure 1, including:10. condenser, 12. cooling water pumps, 13. cooling towers, 14. melt pits.It is cold
But working medium flows through condenser shell as experimental loop hot trap, and most heat is lost in environment at last.
Control & data acquisition system as shown in figure 1, including:7. electromagnetic flowmeter, 8. experimental section body differential manometers and pressure
Power meter and thermocouple, 16. angular transducers, 17. signal pickers, 18. computers etc..
Present invention additionally comprises some such architectural features:
1. as shown in Fig. 2 be 3 × 3 clusters, square arrangement is pressed by 9 isometrical heating rods of diameter for cluster channel cross-section,
Both ends are connected with flange, and the maximum heating power of cluster passage is 100kW.It is uniformly distributed along the axis direction of cluster passage multiple
The temperature of cooling agent at armoured thermocouple measurement different height.A series of thermocouples are arranged in the axial positions of cluster, to obtain
Obtain the heating wall Temperature Distribution at diverse location.In addition, in order to obtain the drag characteristic in cluster passage, intend along cluster passage
Axis direction arrange three pressure taps, with differential pressure pick-up measure each point between pressure difference.Arrange and adjust in cluster passage upstream
Valve, to adjust import local resistance, connection pipeline section selects stainless steel tube.The inlet temperature of experimental section is mainly by being arranged in back
The preheater of road bottom and the cooler (condenser) being arranged in above loop carry out joint regulation, and the flow of system mainly passes through
The heating power and SR of experimental section are adjusted;
2. experimental section is vertically fixed on swaying platform, positioned at test-bed side, to obtain large magnitude;
3. bypass line is arranged in parallel with water circulating pump, so as to freely turn between Natural Circulation and forced circulation
Change;
It is fixed on 4. preheater is parallel on swaying platform, positioned at whole loop least significant end, and it is symmetrical on swinging shaft 19, in advance
Hot device is connected with PID controller, and outlet temperature can be made to be maintained within preset value acceptable error;
5. condenser is fixed on platform top, directly over swinging shaft (Fig. 1, device 19) and parallel with swinging shaft;
6. incoagulable gas to be present in discharge whole system, experimental section top is mounted with air bleeding valve;
7. experimental loop flow measurement uses electromagnetic flowmeter;
8. to adapt to different demands, the N-type thermocouple measurement wall temperature selected at experimental section, the thermoelectricity of loop other positions
It is even to use T-shaped thermocouple to measure water temperature;
9. voltage-stablizer accesses before cold section of import of preheater, to reach best voltage regulation result.
With reference to Fig. 1-2, the present invention is flowing heat transfer characteristic research in nuclear power unit cluster passage under a kind of ocean condition
Experimental provision.Experiment porch, experimental loop system, recirculating cooling water system, control sum are mainly waved by class sinusoidal motion
Formed according to four parts of acquisition system.
If carry out the study mechanism of natural circulation heat transfer experiment in cluster passage using this experimental provision, in order to subtract
Startup time of small natural cycle system, and avoid flow instability occur under low flow velocity, using water circulating pump from strong
Urgent state of cyclic operation switches to naturally circulated condition.Cooling agent circulation is established in loop i.e. first by water circulating pump, passes through position
The preheater of lower position and experimental section heating cooling agent, one is formed when bringing-up section outlet with condensator outlet in experimental loop
When determining temperature difference, system has certain natural-circulation capacity.When loop thermal parameter is relatively stable, isolation cycle water pump, make
Loop is transitioned into Natural Circulation from forced circulation.
According to different experiment purposes, experiment can be divided mainly into exhaust (moisturizing), inspection, formal experiment and terminate experiment four
Individual flow, specific procedure are as follows:
Moisturizing is vented
In experimentation, in order to ensure the accuracy of experiment, the shadow of the incoagulable gas that is dissolved in water to experiment is eliminated
Ring, work will be exhausted when being tested every time.At present, with reference to having had experience and feasibility analysis, taking to return
Road water is heated to saturation, and the method for removing of incoagulable gas is then carried out by flashing.It is exhausted using the method for flash distillation
When, the water loading amount of system can be caused to reduce.Therefore, in order to ensure to maintain the voltage-stablizer water level tested every time in certain level,
Need to carry out moisturizing to system before being exhausted.
1. moisturizing
1) flexible pipe of moisturizing is connected with the water supplement port positioned at voltage-stablizer bottom, flexible pipe opposite side connects interim moisturizing and used
Water pump, pump intake flexible pipe are immersed in the deionized water in interim water tank.
2) by air bleeding valve manual unlocking, experimental loop inside and extraneous air UNICOM are made.
3) interim moisturizing pump power is opened, makes deionized water injection experimentses loop.
4) flowed out to water from air bleeding valve, moisturizing finishes.
2. it is vented
1) gauge pressure 0.08MPa is slowly forced into experimental loop by interim pressurized nitrogen bottle.
2) water circulating pump is started, if at water circulating pump after cacophonia (having more gas) termination of pumping, exhaust;If sound is just
Often, by experimental loop Flow-rate adjustment to 0.15m3/ h or so, experimental loop cooling agent circulate rear close of 10min or so and circulated
Water pump, after termination of pumping, exhaust.
3) water circulating pump is again turned on, keeps 0.15m3While/h flows, open preheater and experimental loop is heated, when
When temperature reaches 80 DEG C, air bleeding valve is opened, aperture is as far as possible small, enables on-condensible gas by being excluded at this, but will not lose
Too many water.Air bleeding valve is closed after 10min.
Test front loop inspection
1. experimental loop inspection
1) whether each valve in checking experiment loop is in correct status, includes but are not limited to herein below:
I. ball valve 2-2 should be at closed mode;
Ii. ball valve 2-1 is in opening;
2) difference gauge should be at differential pressure measurement state.
3) check whether voltage-stablizer water level is normal.Reference value:20-50.
4) check whether voltage-stablizer pressure gauge registration is normal.Reference value:Gauge pressure 0.1MPa.
2. circulation cooling circuit inspection
5) valve in circulating cooling system loop should be at opening.
6) circulation cooling circuit melt pit water level and water temperature are checked.
3. loop insulating properties, bringing-up section thermocouple inspection
7) universal meter measure loop insulating properties are used, resistance is about megaohm magnitude.
8) whether the thermocouple for being used to measure wall temperature using universal meter detection bringing-up section contacts with wall.Heat electrode and heat
Resistance between galvanic couple armour is about 50 ohm.
4. prepare ice bath
9) ice cube is added in heat-preserving container, making in heat-preserving container bottom, ice cube is of moderate size to more than liquid level having ice cube.Examination
Pipe should avoid damaging test tube when inserting heat-preserving container.
Formal experiment
1. system mode inspection and exhaust
1) it checking experiment circuit pressure, if pressure is inadequate, need to be pressurizeed, during low pressure, be pressurizeed using inflated with nitrogen, high pressure
Shi Caiyong force (forcing) pumps pressurize.
2) delay and open differential manometer lime set tank air bleeding valve and be exhausted.
3) pressure difference transmitter is exhausted.
4) preheater, condensator outlet are exhausted.
5) water circulating pump is exhausted.
6) points for attention:
I. inflation more than, all should slowly be carried out in changeover valve, knob in exhaust process, with avoid pressure jump and
Loop working medium is reduced to be lost in.Nitrogen cylinder total valve should put dynamic formula unlatching, that is, wait the of short duration time to be further continued for after rotating certain aperture
Open;
Ii. due to pressurising in experimental loop, when being exhausted under system is hot, the high-temperature water that need to carefully sputter causes
Scald;
Iii. when Temperature of Working is close to saturation temperature under normal pressure in system, system pressure drop can be made by opening air bleeding valve
It is low, it may result in system and unexpected two-phase flow occur, now exhaust needs especially careful.
2. Natural Circulation is tested
1) acquisition system power supply and each instrument power supply power supply are opened.Observe thermocouple, pressure difference, flow, the power of collection
Whether data are normal.Null offset is gathered after waiting for a period of time, records voltage-stablizer water level.
2) pump discharge valve is adjusted, ON cycle water pump, keeps loop flow in 0.6m3To avoid differential manometer from surpassing within/h
Range.Listen water circulating pump operation sound whether normal, if water circulating pump operational sound is abnormal, water circulating pump should be arranged in time
Gas and the aperture for adjusting pump discharge valve.
3) general supply on the electric cabinet of unlatching, preheater power supply, circulation cooling circuit water circulating pump.
4) before starting preheater heating on preheater console, it should check whether the temperature of setting is normal.Progressively, delay
Heater outlet temperature is slowly improved, reaches experiment desirable value.Because preheater has larger thermal inertia and control hysteresis, sternly
Taboo single lifts heater outlet temperature too high.
5) when the desired value needed for heater outlet temperature close to experiment, the experimental section heating power supply on electric cabinet is opened, this
When experimental section heating power should be kept low, experimental section keeps certain heating power that system can be made to possess certain anti-fall stream
Ability.
6) when each thermal parameter tends towards stability in experimental loop, naturally circulated condition is switched to from forced circulation operating mode.
Before switching operating mode, experiment partner should fully link up, confirm to understand scheme it is errorless after, then switch over.During switching, Yi Renguan
Closed loop pump power, in addition a people immediately turn on natural convection loop valve, pump early gate can be kept compared with small guide vane.Switching
Afterwards, the trend of the parameters such as the wall temperature that should pay attention to showing in acquisition system constantly, fluid temperature (F.T.), circular flow, avoids causing danger.
Terminate experiment
I. experimental section heating power is gradually reduced, closes experimental section computer heating control platform and corresponding electric brake;
Ii. after experimental section stops heating, if heater outlet temperature is still higher, can suitably, gradually reduce preheater and go out
Mouth temperature.Now need to keep condensator outlet to be more than 30 DEG C with the condensator outlet temperature difference to protect less than 60 DEG C, preheater outlet
Card has enough natural circulation flows;
Iii. when Natural Circulation switches to forced circulation, to avoid pump work in hot environment and avoiding pump blade from sending out
Raw cavitation, condensator outlet temperature need to be less than 50 DEG C, and adjust water circulating pump outlet valve opening, and holding volume flow is about
0.5m3/h;
Iv. after forced circulation starts, set heater outlet temperature as 45 DEG C, closing preheater console power supply and right
Answer electric brake;
V. when all electric thermo-couple temperatures are down to less than 55 DEG C from acquisition system monitoring circuit, water circulating pump electricity is closed
Source;
Vi. by all valve resets in loop;
Vii. Hall sensor power supply voltage is slowly dropped to 0V, stops acquisition system signal acquisition and exit.Close
Close acquisition system power supply and each instrument power supply power supply.
In summary, can be system natural-circulation capacity with the simple and effective multiple experimental variables of control using the present invention
And the research of flow instability provides good practical approuch.
To sum up, the present invention provides under a kind of deployable static and moving condition fluid interchange characteristic research in cluster passage
Device.The working fluid is water.It includes four experimental loop, cooling circuit, motion swaying platform, data collecting system main portions
Point.Motion swaying platform can provide the states such as stationary vertical, multi-angle oblique;Class sinusoidal motion simulation sea can also be provided simultaneously
The motion state of foreign ROV, aerial device etc..Experimental loop is fixed on swaying platform, with motion swaying platform motion;
Because the design of water circulating pump is in bypass passageways so that experiment can be between Natural Circulation and forced circulation two ways according to need
Want free switching.In cooling circuit, condenser is arranged on motion Swing bench top, and cooling agent provides pressure head by condenser pump
The shell side of condenser is flowed through, the heat in experimental loop is taken in environment.In data collecting system, angular transducer is arranged on
Swinging shaft one end, rolling period are adjusted by frequency converter, and pressure is gathered by pressure transmitter, and temperature is obtained by thermocouple.
The present invention is useful under the unstable environment of dynamic, carries out experimental study for the fluid interchange characteristic in cluster passage, due to number
Wide according to acquisition range, thermal parameter etc. is controllable, helps further to improve and leads to the cluster under development trend swinging condition
The research of fluid interchange characteristic in road.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is applied under dynamic condition hot-working hydraulic characteristic research experiment device in heating rod beam passage, it is characterised in that:
Waving experiment porch, being arranged on the experimental loop system waved on experiment porch, circulating cooling water system including class sinusoidal motion
System, Control & data acquisition system, it is water circulating pump that the experimental loop system includes being sequentially connected, the first control ball valve, pre-
Hot device, filter, the first lower collecting box, electromagnetic flowmeter, cluster passage experiment body, the second lower collecting box, condenser, air bleeding valve,
The end of air bleeding valve is connected by pipeline with water circulating pump, and water circulating pump has also been arranged in parallel the after being connected with the first control ball valve
Two control ball valves;The cooling water pump and cooling tower that recirculating cooling water system includes melt pit, is connected respectively with melt pit, cooling water pump
End, the end of cooling tower are connected by pipeline with condenser respectively;Control & data acquisition system includes being arranged on waving reality
The differential manometer and pressure gauge and thermocouple for test the angular transducer on platform, being arranged on cluster Channel Test body, angle pass
Sensor, differential manometer and pressure gauge and thermocouple, electromagnetic flowmeter are connected with signal picker respectively, signal picker and computer
Connection.
It is 2. according to claim 1 a kind of real suitable for hot-working hydraulic characteristic research in heating rod beam passage under dynamic condition
Experiment device, it is characterised in that:Voltage-stablizer is additionally provided between the first control ball valve and preheater.
It is 3. according to claim 2 a kind of real suitable for hot-working hydraulic characteristic research in heating rod beam passage under dynamic condition
Experiment device, it is characterised in that:First control ball valve is opened, and the working fluid is successively by water circulating pump, the first control ball valve, voltage stabilizing
Device, preheater, filter, the first lower collecting box, electromagnetic flowmeter, experiment body, the second lower collecting box, condenser, air bleeding valve, circulation
Water pump forms forced circulation loop;Second control ball valve is opened, and the working fluid is beaten by water circulating pump, the second control ball valve successively
Open, voltage-stablizer, preheater, filter, the first lower collecting box, electromagnetic flowmeter, experiment body, the second lower collecting box, condenser, exhaust
Valve, water circulating pump form natural convection loop.
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