CN110453256B - Polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst, plating solution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst, plating solution and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110453256B
CN110453256B CN201910536339.6A CN201910536339A CN110453256B CN 110453256 B CN110453256 B CN 110453256B CN 201910536339 A CN201910536339 A CN 201910536339A CN 110453256 B CN110453256 B CN 110453256B
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cobalt
iridium
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sodium
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CN110453256A (en
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吴王平
刘剑文
张屹
刘麟
刘雪东
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Changzhou University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • C25B11/031Porous electrodes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle electrolytic water hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst, a plating solution and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cobalt-iridium nanoparticle has an octahedral structure and a decahedral structure, the particle size is 10-250 nm, the chemical components of cobalt and iridium in the particle are uniformly distributed, the iridium content is 45-95 wt%, and the tafel slope of the catalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the catalyst is 30-40 mV/decade. Plating solution of catalyst: the cobalt salt is 5-200 mmol/L of cobalt sulfate and 1-100 mmol/L of cobalt sulfamate, the iridium salt is 10-150 mmol/L of sodium hexabromoiridium (IV) and 1-100 mmol/L of sodium hexabromoiridium (III), the conductive salt is 0.1-500 mmol/L of sodium bromide and 0.1-100 mmol/L of sodium chloride, the complexing agent is 1-20 mmol/L of triammonium citrate and 1-10 mmol/L of sodium tetraborate, the other additives are 1-10 mmol/L of benzotriazole, 1-10 mmol/L of thiourea and 1-5 mmol/L of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The invention is prepared by an electrochemical deposition process, has high efficiency, can be applied to the preparation of the surface of a conductible substrate with a complex shape, can control the size and the components of nano particles, and has high catalytic performance and strong stability.

Description

Polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst, plating solution and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy electrocatalysis, and particularly relates to a polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst, a plating solution and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Energy and environmental problems in the world are becoming more serious nowadays, and clean renewable energy is receiving great attention with the continuous consumption of fossil fuels. Generally, a range of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, etc., can be converted into electrical form. Hydrogen is considered the most desirable alternative to fossil fuels due to its high combustion efficiency and zero pollution characteristics. The demand of hydrogen energy promotes the application prospect of the electrocatalyst in the electrocatalytic reduction hydrogen production. The most basic way to obtain hydrogen energy at present is to electrolyze water, which is divided into Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), but both require highly active electrocatalysts to reduce the overpotential. Therefore, the preparation of the high-activity electrocatalyst for water electrolysis can reduce the cost and is beneficial to large-scale hydrogen production.
The electro-catalyst preferably has the following three points: (1) the hydrogen evolution overpotential is low; (2) the stability is good, and the service life is long; (3) low production cost and easy preparation. When the surface of the noble metal platinum generates hydrogen evolution reaction, the hydrogen evolution overpotential is very low, but the metal is expensive and has rare reserve, so that the metal cannot be widely applied.
Iridium is a very efficient electrocatalyst, but the content of iridium in the crust is even lower than platinum. The method for alloying iridium and transition metal is a high-efficiency feasible method for reducing the use amount of iridium and improving the catalytic performance. Pi et al, for example, produced ultra-small monodisperse IrM (M ═ Fe, Co, Ni) clusters using wet chemistry methods, and were able to act as highly efficient water-splitting catalysts (adv. However, the preparation method of the alloy catalyst is complex, the dosage of the noble metal Ir in the additive is large, and the Ir in the structure is not fully utilized. Tangzhenhua et al designed cobalt iridium nanoparticles with core-shell structure in published patent "preparation of cobalt iridium core-shell structure nanoparticles coated with nitrogen-doped porous carbon and application thereof in catalytic water cracking", and prepared cobalt iridium core-shell structure nanoparticles by adopting chemical plating preparation technology, and the prepared cobalt iridium core-shell structure nanoparticles can be used in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions.
The invention adopts electrochemical deposition technology to prepare the electrocatalyst, the matrix is the copper foam, the copper foam matrix can increase the reaction area of the electrocatalyst, and the polyhedral cobalt iridium nano-particles are prepared and applied to the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle electrolytic water evolution hydrogen electro-catalyst which is characterized in that cobalt-iridium nanoparticles have octahedral and decahedral structures, the particle size is 10-250 nm, chemical components of cobalt and iridium in the particles are uniformly distributed, the iridium content is 45-95 wt%, and the tafel slope of the catalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the catalyst is 30-40 mV/decade.
The invention also discloses a plating solution of the polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst, which is characterized in that cobalt salt is 5-200 mmol/L of cobalt sulfate, 1-100 mmol/L of cobalt sulfamate, iridium salt is 10-150 mmol/L of sodium hexabromoiridium (IV) and 1-100 mmol/L of sodium hexabromoiridium (III), conductive salt is 0.1-500 mmol/L of sodium bromide and 0.1-100 mmol/L of sodium chloride, complexing agent is 1-20 mmol/L of triammonium citrate and 1-10 mmol/L of sodium tetraborate, and other additives are 1-10 mmol/L of benzotriazole, 1-10 mmol/L of thiourea and 1-5 mmol/L of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) carrying out surface impurity oil stain treatment on the foam copper, firstly soaking the foam copper in an acetone solution for 1h, then ultrasonically cleaning the foam copper in acetone for 10min, then cleaning the foam copper in nitric acid with the concentration of 50% for 5-10 s, and cleaning and drying the foam copper;
(2) the platinum sheet is used as an anode, the copper foam is used as a cathode, and the silver/silver chloride/saturated potassium chloride is used as a reference electrode;
(3) the plating solution is placed on a magnetic stirrer and stirred by a magnetic stirrer to be fully dissolved;
(4) opening a water bath switch, adjusting the temperature of the water bath switch, and keeping the deposition temperature at 25-90 ℃;
(5) adding 3-5 mol/L sodium hydroxide or ammonia water solution or dilute sulfuric acid into the plating solution with a certain ratio, adjusting the pH value of the plating solution, and testing the pH value of the plating solution to 1.0-5.5 by using a pH meter;
(6) opening a nitrogen valve, filling nitrogen into the plating solution to remove oxygen for 10-30 min, and still keeping the nitrogen filled above the plating solution in the deposition process, wherein the flow velocity of the nitrogen is 0.5-10 sccm;
(7) opening a magnetic stirrer in the electrochemical deposition process, wherein the rotating speed of a stirrer is 10-1000 rpm;
(8) connecting the reference electrode, the anode electrode and the workpiece electrode, adjusting the positions of the anode platinum sheet and the workpiece electrode, and keeping the anode platinum sheet and the workpiece electrode overlapped in parallel, wherein the horizontal distance is 0.5-1 cm;
(9) opening the electrochemical workstation, wherein the current density is 1-30 mA/cm2Starting to deposit for 1-15 min;
(10) and after the deposition is finished, closing the power supply and the nitrogen valve, collecting residual plating solution, and cleaning the glass container and the electrode.
In summary, compared with the prior researches, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the electrochemical deposition process is simple and convenient, and the time consumption is short; (2) the method can be applied to the surface deposition preparation of the polyhedral cobalt-iridium alloy on the conductive substrate with a complex shape; (3) the size and the components of the nano particles are controllable; (4) the catalytic performance is high, and the stability is strong; (5) the cost is low, and the cobalt source is wide; (6) the selection of the copper foam greatly reduces the cost of the catalyst, and has good commercial application prospect.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a macroscopic photograph of the prepared electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution cobalt-iridium nano-catalyst;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the prepared electro-catalysis hydrogen evolution cobalt iridium nano catalyst;
FIG. 3 is an EDS energy spectrum of the prepared electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution cobalt-iridium nano-catalyst;
FIG. 4 is a polarization curve of the prepared electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution cobalt-iridium nano-catalyst;
FIG. 5 is a Tafel plot of the prepared electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution cobalt-iridium nano-catalyst;
fig. 6 shows the hydrogen evolution stability of the prepared electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution cobalt-iridium nano-catalyst in a 1M KOH solution.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Firstly, preparing 20mL of electroplating solution, 25mmol/L of cobaltous sulfate heptahydrate, 50mmol/L of sodium hexabromoiridium (IV), 0.3mol/L of sodium bromide, 10mmol/L of ammonium citrate, 2mmol/L of benzotriazole, 2mmol/L of thiourea and 5mmol/L of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The weighed chemicals were introduced into a glass container for plating. Adding 15mL of deionized water into a glass container by using a pipette, and stirring and dissolving by using a magnetic stirrer, wherein the rotating speed of a stirrer is 250 rpm; the temperature of the water bath was adjusted to 70 ℃, and then the dropwise addition of sodium hydroxide solution was carried out to adjust the pH to around 3.0. The matrix is made of foam copper (10mm x10mm x 3mm), and is soaked in an acetone solution for 1h, ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 10min, then cleaned in 50% nitric acid for 5-10 s, cleaned and dried. The reference electrode is Ag/AgClSaturated KCl, anode is platinum sheet; opening a nitrogen valve, deoxidizing the plating solution for 10min by nitrogen, filling nitrogen protective gas in the deposition process, and keeping the flow velocity of the nitrogen at 0.5 sccm; the position of the matrix and the platinum electrode is adjusted to keep parallel overlapping, and the horizontal distance is 0.5 cm. The electrochemical workstation was opened and the current density was set at 30mA/cm2Electrochemical co-deposition was started for 5 min. And after the deposition is finished, closing the nitrogen valve, the water bath power supply and the constant current power supply, collecting residual plating solution, and cleaning the glass container and the electrode.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing:
the electrochemical test characterization was performed in a 1M KOH solution using a three-electrode system using CHI 660E electrochemical workstation manufactured by Shanghai Chenghua, Inc. During the hydrogen evolution reaction test, the graphite rod is used as a counter electrode, Hg/Hg2Cl2The electrode is a reference electrode, and the electrode loaded with the catalyst is a working electrode; the potentials reported in this study were all calibrated and used in equation ERHE=ESCE+1.055V was converted to RHE. The polarization curve was recorded at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Structural and performance characterizations are shown.
FIG. 1 shows that the cobalt-iridium nanoparticle electrocatalyst is uniformly covered, is silver gray and has a good deposition effect.
FIG. 2 shows that cobalt iridium particles are deposited on the surface of a substrate, multilateral bodies are stacked together, the diameter of the particles is 50-250 nm, and the nanoparticles can promote active point positions and enhance hydrogen evolution performance.
Fig. 3 shows that Ir content in the cobalt iridium alloy is higher than Co.
FIG. 4 shows that the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the cobalt iridium catalyst is small at a current density of 10mA/cm2Only 44.2mV of hydrogen evolution overpotential is required.
FIG. 5 shows that the Tafel slope of the cobalt iridium catalyst is very small, only 34.11 mV/decade.
Fig. 6 shows the catalyst durability of the hydrogen evolution reaction. After 8h of hydrogen evolution reaction, the current density of the catalyst is still maintained at 44.8mA/cm2Left and right, the stability is higher.

Claims (3)

1. The electrolytic water evolution hydrogen electro-catalyst is characterized in that the cobalt iridium nano-particles have octahedral and decahedral structures, the particle size is 10-250 nm, the chemical components of cobalt and iridium in the particles are uniformly distributed, the iridium content is 45-95 wt%, and the catalyst catalytic hydrogen evolution performance Tafel slope is 30-40 mV/decade.
2. The plating solution for preparing the polyhedral cobalt iridium nanoparticle electrolytic water-evolution hydrogen electrocatalyst according to claim 1 on a copper foam substrate is characterized in that cobalt salt is 5-200 mmol/L of cobalt sulfate and 1-100 mmol/L of cobalt sulfamate, iridium salt is 10-150 mmol/L of sodium hexabromoiridium (IV) and 1-100 mmol/L of sodium hexabromoiridium (III), conductive salt is 0.1-500 mmol/L of sodium bromide and 0.1-100 mmol/L of sodium chloride, complexing agent is 1-20 mmol/L of triammonium citrate and 1-10 mmol/L of sodium tetraborate, and other additives are 1-10 mmol/L of benzotriazole, 1-10 mmol/L of thiourea and 1-5 mmol/L of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
3. The preparation method for preparing the polyhedral cobalt-iridium nanoparticle hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst on the copper foam substrate by using the plating solution according to claim 2 comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: carrying out surface impurity oil stain treatment on the foam copper, firstly soaking the foam copper in an acetone solution for 1h, then ultrasonically cleaning the foam copper in acetone for 10min, then cleaning the foam copper in nitric acid with the concentration of 50% for 5-10 s, and cleaning and drying the foam copper;
step 2: the platinum sheet is used as an anode, the copper foam is used as a cathode, and the silver/silver chloride/saturated potassium chloride is used as a reference electrode;
and step 3: the plating solution is placed on a magnetic stirrer and stirred by a magnetic stirrer to be fully dissolved;
and 4, step 4: opening a water bath switch, adjusting the temperature of the water bath switch, and keeping the deposition temperature at 25-90 ℃;
and 5: adding 3-5 mol/L sodium hydroxide or ammonia water solution or dilute sulfuric acid into the plating solution with a certain ratio, adjusting the pH value of the plating solution, and testing the pH value of the plating solution to 1.0-5.5 by using a pH meter;
step 6: opening a nitrogen valve, filling nitrogen into the plating solution to remove oxygen for 10-30 min, and still keeping the nitrogen filled above the plating solution in the deposition process, wherein the flow velocity of the nitrogen is 0.5-10 sccm;
and 7: opening a magnetic stirrer in the electrochemical deposition process, wherein the rotating speed of a stirrer is 10-1000 rpm;
and 8: connecting the reference electrode, the anode electrode and the workpiece electrode, adjusting the positions of the anode platinum sheet and the workpiece electrode, and keeping the anode platinum sheet and the workpiece electrode overlapped in parallel, wherein the horizontal distance is 0.5-1 cm;
and step 9: opening the electrochemical workstation, wherein the current density is 1-30 mA/cm2Starting to deposit for 1-15 min;
step 10: and after the deposition is finished, closing the power supply and the nitrogen valve, collecting residual plating solution, and cleaning the glass container and the electrode.
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