CN110453125B - Low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics and preparation and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics and preparation and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance and a preparation and processing method thereof, belonging to the field of industrial magnesium alloys. The magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 8.0 percent of Zn, 0.5 to 5.5 percent of Cu, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Ti, and the balance of Mg. The magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics and low cost is prepared and processed by the steps of material preparation, raw material preheating, smelting, filtering treatment, heat treatment, plastic deformation, alloy residual stress removal, secondary heat treatment and the like. Meanwhile, the magnesium alloy also has higher quenching characteristic, and the addition of the Cu element improves the heat conduction performance of the alloy and obviously increases the quenching property, thereby having very important significance for large-size magnesium alloy components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance and a preparation and processing method thereof, belonging to the field of industrial magnesium alloys.
Background
Magnesium alloy is taken as a novel metal structure material, is more and more favored by the fields of aerospace and weaponry, and has the biggest characteristic of low density, high specific strength and rigidity, low damping performance, easy recovery and excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, so that the development of the magnesium alloy structure material is a hot spot of current domestic and foreign research. Although magnesium alloys have many advantages, there are many disadvantages such as low heat conductivity of heat-resistant magnesium alloys, and poor heat resistance of heat-conductive magnesium alloys. At present, in order to improve the heat resistance of the alloy, a rare earth element is generally added to a matrix to form a compound with higher thermal stability, so that the movement of dislocation and grain boundaries is inhibited, and the service life of the alloy under high temperature conditions is further prolonged. However, the price of rare earth elements is relatively expensive, which directly increases the preparation cost of the alloy, and hits the initiative of further adopting magnesium alloy in the industry of hopeing to utilize magnesium alloy, so that the low-cost heat-resistant magnesium alloy is a research and development hotspot of the current magnesium alloy enterprises.
It is worth noting that the heat-resistant mechanism of the currently studied heat-resistant magnesium alloy is mainly to increase a strengthening phase with low heat conductivity to hinder heat from diffusing into the material, so as to realize that the component is in service at high temperature, and the heat conductivity of the alloy is significantly reduced. Therefore, how to develop a magnesium alloy with heat conductivity and heat resistance is a development direction of a structural and functional integrated material in the future.
Research shows that the Mg-Zn alloy has excellent strength and plasticity and toughness, particularly, the alloy system is one of the reported heat-conducting magnesium alloys which can be applied at present, but the low-melting-point Mg-Zn phase in the alloy can generate obvious softening phenomenon under the condition that the temperature is higher than 100 ℃, so the Mg-Zn alloy can not be used as a high-temperature-resistant alloy. However, if it is possible to form a phase having high temperature stability by adding an additional element, the high temperature resistance of the alloy can be further improved. At present, elements added in Mg-Zn alloy comprise Ca, Al, RE and the like, the addition of the elements can form some special compounds with Mg or Zn, some compounds have heat resistance and can improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy, typically, a quasicrystal phase is formed and the LPSO structure is equal, the phase is obtained on the premise that rare earth elements are required to be added in the alloy, the common alloy element types cannot be realized, the cost problem of high-performance alloy seriously restricts the application requirement of a common enterprise on the magnesium alloy, and therefore, the development of the low-cost magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity and heat resistance has very important significance for expanding the application of the magnesium alloy in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnesium alloy which has heat conduction and heat resistance and has lower cost.
A low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance is an Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-8.0% of Zn, 0.5-5.5% of Cu, 0.1-1.5% of Ti and the balance of Mg.
In the magnesium alloy, the content of impurity Fe is less than 0.005 percent by mass percent.
In the magnesium alloy, the content of Zn is preferably 3.0% to 8.0%, more preferably 5.0% to 8.0%, and most preferably 5.5% to 7.5%; the content of Cu is preferably 0.5 to 4.0%, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0%, and most preferably 1.0 to 2.0%; the content of Ti is preferably 0.1 to 1.3%, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.8%.
Preferably, in the magnesium alloy, by mass percentage, Zn is 3.0-8.0%, Cu is 0.5-4.0%, Ti is 0.1-1.3%, and the balance is Mg.
More preferably, in the magnesium alloy, by mass percentage, Zn is 5.0-8.0%, Cu is 1.0-3.0%, Ti is 0.5-1.0%, and the balance is Mg.
Most preferably, in the magnesium alloy, by mass, Zn is 5.5-7.5%, Cu is 1.0-2.0%, Ti is 0.5-0.8%, and the balance is Mg.
Zn: the Zn element is a main strengthening element in the alloy, and may be dissolved in the matrix or precipitated as a strengthening phase, and since the difference in atomic radius from Mg is relatively small, the influence on the lattice distortion of the alloy is relatively small. The content of Zn element is 3.0-8.0%: the precipitation strengthening effect of the alloy is weakened due to partial consumption caused by the reaction with Cu and Ti, so the range exceeds the limit solid solubility, and simultaneously the strengthening requirement is met, therefore, the minimum value cannot be lower than 3.0 percent.
Cu and Ti: the alloy can form a quaternary phase with Mg and Zn, can strengthen the alloy, has excellent heat resistance, and is the root cause of high heat conduction and heat resistance. The content is selected based on the requirements of alloy strengthening, heat conduction and heat resistance, the Cu content cannot be too small, otherwise, the heat conduction performance characteristics of the alloy are weakened, the Ti content cannot be too large, and otherwise, the heat conduction performance of the alloy is influenced.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing and processing the above-mentioned low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conductivity and heat resistance, and to obtain a wrought magnesium alloy extrusion material with high strength.
A preparation and processing method of a low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure metal;
(2) preheating magnesium and intermediate alloys of Zn, Cu and Mg-10Ti until the intermediate alloys are completely dried and anhydrous; the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace;
(3) in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly putting preheated magnesium accounting for about 20-50% of the total mass into the smelting furnace, completely melting the preheated magnesium under protective gas, then adding magnesium accounting for 20-30% of the total mass, and performing batch operation until 10-20% of the magnesium melt is left, controlling the temperature in the whole process at 700-750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-10 min, and skimming scum; wherein the preheating temperature of the melting furnace is 520-700 ℃, and the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace; the protective gas introduced into the melting furnace is mixed gas of argon and a 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
(4) when the added magnesium is completely melted, all the alloy elements are added in the following order: firstly, adding Zn element, secondly, adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy, and finally adding Cu element, wherein the temperature of the melt is kept at 750-800 ℃, after the melt is completely melted, keeping for 5-20 min, stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum;
(5) stopping heating, adding the rest 10-20% of magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; during the period, the temperature of the melt is ensured to be between 650 and 700 ℃;
(6) filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃ to obtain an ingot;
(7) directly carrying out heat treatment on the cast ingot, rapidly cooling the cast ingot to 400-450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-24 h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature;
(8) performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the plastic deformation comprises one or the combination of extrusion deformation, forging deformation and rolling deformation, or other deformation processing, and when the initial deformation method is extrusion, the deformation temperature is 200-400 ℃; when the initial deformation method is forging or rolling, the deformation temperature is 350-430 ℃, in addition, the deformation can be carried out for many times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly cooled by water;
(9) removing residual stress of the alloy, including pre-stretching, vibration or cryogenic treatment;
(10) and carrying out secondary heat treatment on the alloy, wherein the secondary heat treatment comprises solid solution, aging or a combination mode of the solid solution and the aging, the solid solution temperature is 340-430 ℃, the time is 0.5-12 h, the aging temperature is 120-180 ℃, and the time is 2-48 h.
And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising methods such as ray inspection, ultrasonic inspection and the like.
The invention has the advantages that: by adding Zn, Cu and Ti elements, special strengthening phases, typically MgZnCu phases, are generated in the alloy. The research shows that the phase has higher heat-conducting property, the decomposition temperature of the phase is improved by about 100 ℃ compared with the traditional Mg-Zn phase, and the phase has high temperature resistance, in addition, the addition of Ti can effectively refine the grain size of the alloy, and can participate in the formation process of a strengthening phase, thereby playing a special role in the stability of Cu and Zn elements. The alloy system has the other advantages of higher quenching characteristic, and the addition of the Cu element improves the heat conduction performance of the alloy and obviously increases the quenching property, which has very important significance for large-size magnesium alloy components.
Detailed Description
The low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance is prepared and processed by the steps of material preparation, raw material preheating, smelting, filtering treatment, heat treatment, plastic deformation, residual stress removal of the alloy, secondary heat treatment and the like in sequence.
1. Preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, and Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal; the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 200-300 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 520-700 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and a 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, placing preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 30-50 percent (mass percent, the same below) of the total amount into the smelting furnace, completely melting the pure magnesium ingots under protective gas, then adding 20-30 percent (mass percent, the same below) of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots, carrying out batch operation on the pure magnesium ingots as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the added amount can completely sink into the added magnesium melt until 10 percent (mass percent, the same below) is remained, controlling the temperature in the whole process at 700-750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-10 min in the state, and skimming the scum.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 750-800 ℃, keeping for 5-20 min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 400-450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-24 h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the plastic deformation comprises conventional extrusion deformation, forging deformation, rolling deformation, combination of the conventional extrusion deformation, forging deformation and rolling deformation or other deformation processing, if the initial deformation method is extrusion, the deformation temperature can be 200-400 ℃, if the initial deformation method is forging or rolling, the deformation temperature can be 350-430 ℃, in addition, the plastic deformation can be performed for multiple times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly subjected to water cooling;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method comprising pre-stretching, vibration or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out secondary heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, wherein the secondary heat treatment specifically comprises solid solution, aging or a combination mode of the solid solution and the aging, the solid solution temperature is 340-430 ℃, the time is 0.5-8 h, the aging temperature is 120-180 ℃, and the time is 2-48 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising methods such as ray inspection, ultrasonic inspection and the like.
Example 1: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 0.5 percent, the Cu content is 0.5 percent, the Ti content is 0.1 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 200 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 520 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 50 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, the pure magnesium ingots accounting for 20 percent of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is ensured to be completely submerged into the added magnesium melt, the process is carried out in batches as much as possible until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are remained, the temperature is controlled at 700 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 10min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 750 ℃, keeping for 5min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the deformation method is extrusion, the deformation temperature is 200 ℃, in addition, the alloy can be deformed for many times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly cooled by water;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method of pre-stretching and deep cooling treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, wherein the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and aging treatment, the solution temperature is 340 ℃, the time is 0.5h, and the aging temperature is 120 ℃, and the time is 24 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically, carrying out radiographic inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Example 2: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 8.0 percent, the Cu content is 5.5 percent, the Ti content is 1.5 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 300 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 700 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 30 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, 20 percent of the pure magnesium ingots of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is ensured to be completely submerged into the added magnesium melt, the process is carried out in batches as much as possible until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are left, the temperature is controlled at 750 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 10min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 800 ℃, keeping for 20min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the initial deformation method is extrusion, the deformation temperature is 400 ℃, in addition, the alloy can be deformed for many times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly subjected to water cooling;
10. the method for removing the residual stress of the alloy comprises the steps of pre-stretching and cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at the solid solution temperature of 400 ℃ for 8h and the aging temperature of 160 ℃ for 16 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically, carrying out radiographic inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Example 3: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 5.2 percent, the Cu content is 1.0 percent, the Ti content is 0.3 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 250 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 550 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 30 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, the pure magnesium ingots accounting for 30 percent of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is increased as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the added magnesium melt can be completely immersed, the batch operation is carried out until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are remained, the temperature is controlled at 730 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 10min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 780 ℃, keeping for 10min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the deformation mode is extrusion deformation, the deformation temperature can be 300 ℃, in addition, the alloy can be deformed for many times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly subjected to water cooling;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a pre-stretching or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at the solid solution temperature of 375 ℃ for 12h and the aging temperature of 160 ℃ for 16 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically, carrying out radiographic inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Example 4: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 6.0 percent, the Cu content is 1.0 percent, the Ti content is 0.5 percent, the Mg is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 250 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 680 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 30 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, 20 percent of the pure magnesium ingots of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is ensured to be completely submerged into the added magnesium melt, the process is carried out in batches as much as possible until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are left, the temperature is controlled at 750 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 10min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 750 ℃, keeping for 10min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the initial deformation method is forging, the deformation temperature can be 350 ℃, the alloy is extruded and deformed after forging, the deformation temperature can be 200 ℃, and the deformed material is directly cooled by water;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method comprising pre-stretching or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at the solid solution temperature of 340 ℃ for 8h and the aging temperature of 140 ℃ for 24 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising ray inspection, ultrasonic inspection and the like.
Example 5: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 3.5 percent, the Cu content is 2.0 percent, the Ti content is 0.7 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 300 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 650 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 30 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, the pure magnesium ingots accounting for 30 percent of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is increased as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the added magnesium melt can be completely immersed, the batch operation is carried out until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are remained, the temperature is controlled at 700 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 10min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 750 ℃, keeping for 15min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the ingot at 500 ℃ to 420 ℃, keeping the temperature for 16h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the initial deformation method is forging, the deformation temperature can be 400 ℃, the extrusion deformation is continued after the forging, the deformation temperature can be 340 ℃, in addition, the deformation can be performed for many times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly subjected to water cooling;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method comprising pre-stretching or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at 360 ℃ for 6h and 120 ℃ for 48 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising ray inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Example 6: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 4.5 percent, the Cu content is 3.0 percent, the Ti content is 0.9 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 200 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 700 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 35 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, 30 percent of the pure magnesium ingots of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is ensured to be completely submerged into the added magnesium melt, the process is carried out in batches as much as possible until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are left, the temperature is controlled at 700 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 10min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 780 ℃, keeping for 20min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the deformation method is rolling, the deformation temperature can be 400 ℃, in addition, the alloy can be deformed for many times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly subjected to water cooling;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method comprising pre-stretching or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at the solid solution temperature of 380 ℃ for 4h and the aging temperature of 180 ℃ for 6 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising ray inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Example 7: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 7.2 percent, the Cu content is 4.5 percent, the Ti content is 1.1 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 230 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 520 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 30 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, the pure magnesium ingots accounting for 30 percent of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is increased as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the added magnesium melt can be completely immersed, the batch operation is carried out until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are remained, the temperature is controlled at 700 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 5-10 min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 800 ℃, keeping for 5min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 14h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Performing plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the deformation method is rolling, the deformation temperature can be 400 ℃, in addition, the alloy can be deformed for many times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly subjected to water cooling;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method comprising pre-stretching or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at the solid solution temperature of 410 ℃ for 2h and the aging temperature of 160 ℃ for 16 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising ray inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Example 8: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 7.5 percent, the Cu content is 5.0 percent, the Ti content is 1.0 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 260 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 600 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 20 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, 30 percent of the pure magnesium ingots of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is ensured to be completely submerged into the added magnesium melt, the process is carried out in batches as much as possible until 20 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are remained, the temperature is controlled at 750 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 5min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 780 ℃, keeping for 10min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the residual about 20 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 420 ℃, keeping the temperature for 18h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Carrying out plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the initial deformation method is rolling, the deformation temperature can be 400 ℃, the extrusion deformation is carried out after the rolling, the deformation temperature can be 300 ℃, in addition, the deformation can be carried out for a plurality of times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly cooled by water;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method comprising pre-stretching or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at the solid solution temperature of 430 ℃ for 1h and the aging temperature of 180 ℃ for 8 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising ray inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Example 9: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 6.5 percent, the Cu content is 0.9 percent, the Ti content is 0.3 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 300 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 580 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 30 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, the pure magnesium ingots accounting for 30 percent of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is increased as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the added magnesium melt can be completely immersed, the batch operation is carried out until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are remained, the temperature is controlled at 700 ℃ in the whole process, the pure magnesium ingots are kept for 10min in the state, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 750 ℃, keeping for 20min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the ingot at 500 ℃ to 400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Carrying out plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the initial deformation method is rolling, the deformation temperature can be 350 ℃, extrusion deformation is carried out after rolling, the deformation temperature can be 250 ℃, in addition, the deformation can be carried out for many times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly cooled by water;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method comprising pre-stretching or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at the solid solution temperature of 340 ℃ for 1h and the aging temperature of 140 ℃ for 18 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising ray inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Example 10: the selected alloy is Mg-Zn-Cu-Ti magnesium alloy, and according to the mass percentage, the Zn content is 7.0 percent, the Cu content is 1.5 percent, the Ti content is 0.5 percent, the Mg content is the rest, and the impurity Fe content is less than 0.005 percent. The extruded material of the wrought magnesium alloy with high heat conductivity, heat resistance, low cost and high strength of the magnesium alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the magnesium alloy components; wherein Ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti master alloy, Zn and Cu are added in the form of pure metal, and the rest Mg is added in the form of pure magnesium ingot;
2. heating a preheating furnace to 200 ℃, heating a melting furnace to 520 ℃ (the preheating furnace is a resistance furnace, the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace), and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the melting furnace, wherein the specific protective gas is mixed gas of argon and 134a refrigerant (the component is tetrafluoroethane), and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is about 20: 1;
3. preheating a pure magnesium ingot and various additive elements in a preheating furnace until the pure magnesium ingot is completely dried and anhydrous;
4. in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, preheated pure magnesium ingots accounting for about 20 percent of the total amount are put into the smelting furnace to be completely melted under protective gas, then, the pure magnesium ingots accounting for 20 percent of the total amount of the pure magnesium ingots are added, the adding amount is increased as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the added magnesium melt can be completely immersed, the batch operation is carried out until 10 percent of the pure magnesium ingots are remained, the temperature is controlled at 750 ℃ in the whole process, the state is kept for 5min, and scum is skimmed.
5. When the magnesium ingot is completely melted, all alloy elements are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 800 ℃, keeping for 10min after the melt is completely melted, simultaneously stirring the melt, and finally skimming scum.
6. Stopping heating the smelting furnace, adding the remaining 10 percent of pure magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; if the temperature of the melt is lower than 650 ℃, heating the smelting furnace again to ensure that the temperature of the melt is between 650 ℃ and 700 ℃;
7. filtering the melt, wherein the filtering material is commercial MgO foam ceramic chip, and can be selected according to actual requirements, the temperature of the melt is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process, and then the melt is cooled to about 500 ℃;
8. and (3) directly carrying out heat treatment on the smelted cast ingot, specifically, rapidly cooling the cast ingot at 500 ℃ to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature.
9. Carrying out plastic deformation on the alloy, wherein the initial deformation method is rolling, the deformation temperature can be 380 ℃, the extrusion deformation is carried out after the rolling, the deformation temperature can be 300 ℃, in addition, the deformation can be carried out for a plurality of times according to the needs of users, and the deformed material is directly cooled by water;
10. the residual stress of the alloy is removed by a specific method comprising pre-stretching or cryogenic treatment.
11. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy after residual stress is eliminated, specifically, carrying out solid solution and aging at the solid solution temperature of 380 ℃ for 6h and the aging temperature of 160 ℃ for 12 h.
12. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the final material, specifically comprising ray inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
The results of the performance tests of the magnesium alloys prepared in examples 1 to 10 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
From Table 1, it can be seen that the thermal conductivity of examples 2-10 is between 110-143W/m.K, the tensile strength of the material at room temperature is between 302-392MPa, and the tensile strength of the material at 150 ℃ is between 255-363 MPa.
The magnesium alloy has high heat conductivity and high temperature resistance, and the alloy system has high quenching property.
In the technical solutions of the present invention, the contents of Zn, Cu and Ti in the alloy components can be freely selected within the limited range, and are not listed here, so the technical solutions included in the above description should be regarded as illustrative examples, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics is characterized in that: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-8.0% of Zn, 0.5-5.5% of Cu, 0.1-1.5% of Ti and the balance of Mg;
the preparation and processing method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percent of the magnesium alloy; ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy, Zn, Cu and the rest of magnesium are added in the form of pure metal;
(2) preheating magnesium and intermediate alloys of Zn, Cu and Mg-10Ti until the intermediate alloys are completely dried and anhydrous;
(3) in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, putting magnesium accounting for 20-50% of the total mass of magnesium raw materials into the smelting furnace, completely melting the magnesium under protective gas, then adding magnesium accounting for 20-30% of the total mass of the magnesium raw materials, adding magnesium as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the added magnesium melt can be completely immersed, carrying out batch operation until 10-20% of the magnesium raw materials are left, controlling the temperature at 700-750 ℃ in the whole process, keeping the temperature for 5-10 min, and skimming scum;
(4) when the added magnesium is completely melted, firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 750-800 ℃, keeping for 5-20 min after the magnesium is completely melted, stirring the melt and skimming scum;
(5) stopping heating, adding the rest 10-20% of magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; during the period, the temperature of the melt is ensured to be between 650 and 700 ℃;
(6) filtering the melt, and cooling the melt to 500 ℃ to obtain an ingot;
(7) carrying out heat treatment on the cast ingot;
(8) performing plastic deformation on the alloy, and performing water cooling on the deformed material;
(9) removing the residual stress of the alloy;
(10) and carrying out secondary heat treatment on the alloy.
2. The low-cost magnesium alloy with heat-conducting and heat-resisting properties as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the magnesium alloy, the content of Fe is less than 0.005 percent.
3. A preparation and processing method of a low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the magnesium alloy according to the mass percent of the magnesium alloy in claim 1; ti is added in the form of Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy, Zn, Cu and the rest of magnesium are added in the form of pure metal;
(2) preheating magnesium and intermediate alloys of Zn, Cu and Mg-10Ti until the intermediate alloys are completely dried and anhydrous;
(3) in a preheated smelting furnace, firstly, putting magnesium accounting for 20-50% of the total mass of magnesium raw materials into the smelting furnace, completely melting the magnesium under protective gas, then adding magnesium accounting for 20-30% of the total mass of the magnesium raw materials, adding magnesium as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the added magnesium melt can be completely immersed, carrying out batch operation until 10-20% of the magnesium raw materials are left, controlling the temperature at 700-750 ℃ in the whole process, keeping the temperature for 5-10 min, and skimming scum;
(4) when the added magnesium is completely melted, firstly adding Zn element, secondly adding Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy and finally adding Cu element, keeping the temperature of the melt at 750-800 ℃, keeping for 5-20 min after the magnesium is completely melted, stirring the melt and skimming scum;
(5) stopping heating, adding the rest 10-20% of magnesium into the melt, stirring simultaneously, and removing scum; during the period, the temperature of the melt is ensured to be between 650 and 700 ℃;
(6) filtering the melt, and cooling the melt to 500 ℃ to obtain an ingot;
(7) carrying out heat treatment on the cast ingot;
(8) performing plastic deformation on the alloy, and performing water cooling on the deformed material;
(9) removing the residual stress of the alloy;
(10) and carrying out secondary heat treatment on the alloy.
4. The method for preparing and processing the low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature of the magnesium, Zn, Cu and Mg-10Ti intermediate alloy is 200-300 ℃.
5. The method for preparing and processing the low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature of the melting furnace is 520-700 ℃, and the melting furnace is a temperature-controllable medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating furnace; the protective gas is a mixed gas of argon and a 134a refrigerant, and the volume ratio of the argon to the 134a refrigerant is 20: 1.
6. The method for preparing and processing the low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the filtering material adopted by the filtering treatment is MgO foam ceramic chip, and the melt temperature is not lower than 650 ℃ in the filtering process.
7. The method for preparing and processing the low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the heat treatment is to cool the cast ingot to 400-450 ℃, keep the temperature for 3-24 h, and then cool the cast ingot to room temperature.
8. The method for preparing and processing the low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plastic deformation comprises one or the combination of extrusion deformation, forging deformation and rolling deformation; when the initial deformation method is extrusion, the deformation temperature is 200-400 ℃; when the initial deformation method is forging or rolling, the deformation temperature is 350-430 ℃.
9. The method for preparing and processing the low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the residual stress of the alloy is removed by pre-stretching, vibration or cryogenic treatment.
10. The method for preparing and processing the low-cost magnesium alloy with heat conduction and heat resistance characteristics according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the secondary heat treatment is solid solution, aging or a combination mode of the two, the solid solution temperature is 340-430 ℃, and the time is 0.5-12 h; the aging temperature is 120-180 ℃, and the time is 2-48 h.
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