CN110427660A - A kind of high voltage DC breaker emulation mode - Google Patents
A kind of high voltage DC breaker emulation mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high voltage DC breaker emulation modes, belong to technical field of direct current power transmission.The emulation mode, comprising the following steps: each power module in transfer branch road of dc circuit breaker is equivalent to the component voltage source being sequentially connected in series, equivalent resistance and point stray inductance;Concatenated total voltage source and total stray inductance are equivalent to by branch is shifted according to the transfer branch concatenated power module number N in road, wherein total voltage source is the sum of the voltage in N number of component voltage source and N number of equivalent resistance, and total stray inductance is the sum of N number of point of stray inductance.All power modules for shifting branch road are finally equivalent to concatenated total voltage source and total stray inductance by the present invention, equivalent circuit is simple, the breaking course that high voltage DC breaker is accurately described under the premise of not reducing emulation rate, improves the accuracy of breaker emulation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high voltage DC breaker emulation modes, belong to technical field of direct current power transmission.
Background technique
As the key equipment for guaranteeing flexible direct current system reliability service, technology is more mature at present opens up dc circuit breaker
It flutters there are three types of structures: the mechanical dc circuit breaker based on Fast mechanical switch, all solid state open circuit based on power electronic devices
Device and hybrid dc circuit breaker.Mechanical breaker switch off time is long, and all solid state breaker on-state loss is big, at high cost, knot
The hybrid dc circuit breaker for closing the two feature becomes the mainstream of high-voltage dc transmission electrical domain.
As shown in Figure 1, to generally comprise main branch, transfer branch and energy consumption branch three through-flow straight for hybrid dc circuit breaker
Stream.Main branch is made of one group of concatenated Fast mechanical switch and several series-parallel power modules, and transfer branch routing is a large amount of
Power module is in series, and energy consumption branch is then arrester or nonlinear resistance.Power module is generally switching device (such as
IGBT, thyristor, diode etc.) or specific switching tube topology (such as full-bridge, half-bridge).
Current dc circuit breaker modeling method there are mainly two types of technology path.First method, by flexible direct current
The equivalent breaker for having function at one of dc circuit breaker in power grid, i.e., after breaker receives disjunction instruction, delay one
Section time (related with breaker break) carries out disjunction afterwards.The modeling method cannot effectively mimic-disconnecting switch disjunction
Journey, and the electro-magnetic transient characteristic of internal electronic device can not describe.Second method is built in detail according to breaker topological structure
Breaker simulation model.This method can the breaking course of accurate description breaker and the transient characterisitics of internal electronic device,
But since modeling contains a large amount of power electronic devices, the simulation efficiency of the soft straight network system of strong influence.
For this purpose, to disclose a kind of direct current disconnected for the Chinese invention patent application file that application publication number is 109687412 A of CN
Road device emulation mode and device, all IGBT full-bridges of one diode full-bridge modules simulation transfer branch of the emulation mode
Module (four bridge arms of diode full-bridge modules are made of a diode), this method can reduce it in real-time simulation
Calculation amount improves simulation velocity.However, breaker, in breaking course, voltage and electric current interactive process are short, and stray parameter is at this
Great di/dt is generated in the process, can be generated higher voltage on the capacitor in transfer branch power module, seriously be will lead to
Power module breakdown, therefore in the process of product development by the size of stringent limitation stray parameter.Emulation in this application file
Method can not influence of the accurate description equipment stray parameter to breaking course, cannot reflect in the single submodule of breaking course
The electrical stress of portion's device, and then in the design of breaker actual product, the design and improvement of actual product can not be instructed, is caused
The emulation mode accuracy is low.In addition, stray parameter will affect commutation time, and commutation time is examination high voltage DC breaker
One important indicator of product technology level, this method can not also describe influence of the stray parameter to commutation time.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high voltage DC breaker emulation modes, to solve current existing emulation side
The low problem of method accuracy.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of high voltage DC breaker emulation mode, comprising the following steps:
Each power module in transfer branch road of dc circuit breaker is equivalent to the component voltage source being sequentially connected in series, equivalent resistance
With divide stray inductance;
Branch, which will be shifted, according to the transfer branch concatenated power module number N in road is equivalent to concatenated total voltage source and total miscellaneous
Dissipate inductance, wherein total voltage source is the sum of the voltage in N number of component voltage source and N number of equivalent resistance, and total stray inductance is N number of point miscellaneous
Dissipate the sum of inductance.
Beneficial effect is: spuious ginseng is added in equivalent model during breaker modeling and simulating by use in the present invention
Number, and stray parameter is equivalent to stray inductance, all power modules for shifting branch road are finally equivalent to concatenated total electricity
Potential source and total stray inductance, equivalent circuit is simple, and high voltage direct current open circuit is accurately described under the premise of not reducing emulation rate
The breaking course of device improves the accuracy of breaker emulation, can also instruct the design and improvement of actual product.The present invention simultaneously
Influence of the stray inductance to commutation time can also be described accurately, can further mimic-disconnecting switch product technology water
It is flat, the design of further guide product.
Further, power module is equivalent to the equivalent of the component voltage source being sequentially connected in series, equivalent resistance and point stray inductance
Process are as follows: based on backward-Euler method by each power module discretization, obtain the concomitant circuit of power module, concomitant circuit is carried out
Dai Weinan is equivalent, is equivalent to the component voltage source being sequentially connected in series, equivalent resistance and point stray inductance;In the concomitant circuit, by function
Semiconductor switch in rate module is equivalent to variable resistance according to its state, and the stray parameter in power module is opened according to semiconductor
The state of Central Shanxi Plain controllable switch is equivalent to variable inductance, and the capacitor in power module is according to the shape of controllable switch in semiconductor switch
State is equivalent to equivalent voltage source and resistance based on historic state;The Dai Weinan is equivalent are as follows: by concomitant circuit can power transformation
Resistance and equivalent resistance are equivalent resistance, and equivalent voltage source is equivalent to component voltage source, and variable inductance is equivalent to a point stray inductance.
Further, the calculation formula in the total voltage source and total stray inductance are as follows:
Wherein, VCEIt (t) is the output voltage in t moment total voltage source, VceqIt (t) is the output voltage in t moment component voltage source,
RceqIt (t) is the resistance value of each equivalent resistance of t moment, Ic(t) it is t moment, flows through the electric current of each equivalent resistance, each equivalent resistance
Electric current is identical, LreIt (t) is the inductance value of the total stray inductance of t moment, Lr(t) divide the inductance value of stray inductance for t moment.
Further, in power module, if t moment is that controllable switch is connected, the meter in corresponding component voltage source
Calculate formula are as follows:
Wherein, Vceq(t) when being connected for controllable switch, the voltage value in component voltage source, RonFor controllable switch in power module
On state resistance, RceWhen being connected for controllable switch, the equivalent resistance of capacitor and its series diode in power module, Δ T is emulation
Step-length, VceWhen (t- Δ T) is based on controllable switch conducting, the voltage value of the equivalent voltage source of the capacitor of historic state.
Further, in power module, if t moment is that controllable switch turns off, the meter in corresponding component voltage source
Calculate formula are as follows:
Vceq(t)=Vce(t- Δ T),
Wherein, Vceq(t) when turning off for controllable switch, the voltage value in component voltage source, Δ T is simulation step length, Vce(t-ΔT)
When to be turned off based on controllable switch, the voltage value of the equivalent voltage source of the capacitor of historic state.
Further, in power module, if t moment is that controllable switch is connected, corresponding equivalent resistance
Calculation formula are as follows:
Rceq=Rdeq+Rce//Ron,
Wherein, RceqWhen being connected for controllable switch, the resistance value of equivalent resistance, RdeqFor the equivalent resistance of diode full-bridge.
Further, in power module, if t moment is that controllable switch turns off, the meter of corresponding equivalent resistance
Calculate formula are as follows:
Rceq=Rdeq+Rce,
Wherein, RceqWhen being turned off for controllable switch, the resistance value of equivalent resistance, RceWhen being turned off for controllable switch, capacitor and its string
The equivalent resistance of union II pole pipe, RdeqFor the equivalent resistance of diode full-bridge.
Further, when controllable switch is connected in power module, the calculation formula of corresponding point of stray inductance are as follows:
Lr(t)=Lron,
When controllable switch turns off in power module, the calculation formula of corresponding point of stray inductance are as follows:
Lr(t)=Lroff,
Wherein, Lr(t) divide the inductance value of stray inductance, L for t momentronDivide stray inductance when for controllable switch conducting
Inductance value, LroffThe inductance value of time-division stray inductance is turned off for controllable switch.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of hybrid direct-current breaker topology structural schematic diagram in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is power module equivalent process circuit diagram provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is power module modeling method simulation implementation flow chart provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is capacitance voltage and detailed model of the simulation model provided by the invention in breaking course in breaking course
The simulation accuracy comparison diagram of capacitance voltage;
Fig. 5 is power module stray inductance both end voltage waveform diagram provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
High voltage DC breaker emulation mode embodiment:
The central scope for the high voltage DC breaker emulation mode that the present embodiment proposes is:
Firstly, based on backward-Euler method in electromagnetic transient simulation environment to transfer branch in each power module carry out from
Dispersion obtains the concomitant circuit of power module.In power module, according to semiconductor switch (including controllable switch and diode,
Controllable switch is IGBT in the present embodiment, and the present invention is to the specific embodiment of controllable switch and with no restrictions certainly) conducting
Off state is equivalent to a variable resistance, and stray parameter is equivalent to one according to IGBT conducting off state can power transformation
Sense, capacitor equivalent are an equivalent voltage source and resistance based on historic state;
Secondly, each power module equivalent based on concomitant circuit progress Dai Weinan of the historic state to each power module
It is equivalent to concatenated component voltage source, equivalent resistance and point stray inductance;
Finally, according to the number of power module, by it is all it is equivalent after power module it is equivalent again, be equivalent to concatenated total
Voltage source and total stray inductance, and then high voltage DC breaker is emulated based on last equivalent circuit.
Specific simulation process is as follows:
1) discretization is carried out to power module in electromagnetic transient simulation environment based on backward-Euler method, obtains power module
Concomitant circuit.As shown in Fig. 2, power module includes diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode
Diode D1 is equivalent to resistance R1 by D5, capacitor C and IGBT, diode D2 is equivalent to resistance R2, diode D3 is equivalent to electricity
Resistance R3, diode D4 is equivalent to resistance R5, diode D5 is equivalent to resistance R5, capacitor C is equivalent to concatenated resistance RcAnd voltage
Source Vce, IGBT is equivalent to resistance R6, stray parameter is equivalent to a point stray inductance Lr。
Specific calculating process is as shown in figure 3, according to the equivalent resistance of the direction calculating diode of electric current i: when flowing through power
When the electric current i >=0 of module, R1=R4=R at this timeDon, R2=R3=RDoff;When flowing through the electric current i < 0 of power module, at this time
R1=R4=RDoff, R2=R3=RDon, wherein RDonResistance when circuit is accessed for diode, is on state resistance, RDoffFor two poles
Resistance when pipe does not access circuit, is off-state resistance, and the off-state resistance of engineering device in practice is far longer than on state resistance (on-state
0.01 Ω of resistance representative value, off-state resistance 106Ω), therefore off-state resistance is handled according to open circuit, i.e., does not access circuit, that is,
Say, as i >=0, resistance R1 and resistance R4 access circuit, and resistance R2 and resistance R3 do not access circuit, as i < 0, resistance R1 and
Resistance R4 does not access circuit, and resistance R2 and resistance R3 access circuit.
Equivalent resistance R5 is related with the switch state of IGBT, i.e., when IGBT is connected, R5=RDoff;When IGBT shutdown,
R5=RDon。
Meanwhile IGBT equivalent resistance R6 is calculated according to the conducting off state of IGBT and divides stray inductance Lr, when IGBT is led
When logical, R6=Ron, Lr=Lron, when IGBT shutdown, R6=Roff, Lr=Lroff, wherein Ron, LronRespectively IGBT conducting
When, the on state resistance of IGBT and divide stray inductance;Roff, LroffWhen respectively IGBT is turned off, the off-state resistance of IGBT and point spuious
Inductance;0.01 Ω of representative value of the on state resistance of IGBT, the representative value 10 of off-state resistance6Ω, according to engineering reality, power module
In, the stray inductance of capacitive branch is that the stray inductance of 0.12 μ H, IGBT branch is 0.2 μ H, the inlet wire of power module and outlet
Stray inductance be 0.06 μ H, therefore, Lron=0.26 μ H, Lroff=0.18 μ H.
According to backward-Euler method, based on historic state to equivalent parameters (the resistance R of capacitor CcWith voltage source Vce) counted
It calculates:
Vce(t- Δ T)=Vc(t-ΔT);
Vc(t)=Ic(t)Rc+Vce(t-ΔT);
Wherein, VcIt (t) is the equivalent voltage source of the capacitor of t moment and the voltage value of equivalent resistance, RcFor the equivalent electricity of Dai Weinan
It hinders (namely equivalent resistance of capacitor), Δ T is simulation step length, IcIt (t) is the electric current for flowing through capacitor, Vc(t- Δ T) is t moment
The equivalent voltage source of the long capacitor of previous step and the voltage value of equivalent resistance, Vce(t- Δ T) is based on t moment, and historic state is (on i.e.
One step-length) capacitor equivalent voltage source voltage value.
2) consider to cause partial ohmic not access circuit, after handling according to open circuit, further due to sense of current difference
It is equivalent after resistance in circuit are as follows:
Rdeq=(R1+R4) or (R2+R3)=2RDon;RdeqThat is the equivalent resistance of diode full-bridge;
Rce=RcWhen+R5, IGBT are connected, Rce=Rc+RDoff;When IGBT is turned off, Rce=Rc+RDon, RceI.e. in power module
The equivalent resistance of capacitor and its series diode.
3) equivalent according to Tevenin theory progress to the equivalent circuit in step 2), it is equivalent to concatenated component voltage source Vceq、
Equivalent resistance RceqWith divide stray inductance Lr, calculate component voltage source V when IGBT conductingceq, equivalent resistance RceqWith divide stray inductance
Lr, and calculate component voltage source V when IGBT shutdownceq, equivalent resistance RceqWith divide stray inductance Lr, while Ic(t) and i (t)
Relational expression indicate are as follows:
When IGBT is connected, corresponding component voltage source Vceq(t) calculation formula are as follows:
When IGBT is turned off, corresponding component voltage source Vceq(t) calculation formula are as follows:
Vceq(t)=Vce(t- Δ T),
When IGBT is connected, corresponding equivalent resistance RceqCalculation formula are as follows:
Rceq=Rdeq+Rce//Ron,
When IGBT is turned off, corresponding equivalent resistance RceqCalculation formula are as follows:
Rceq=Rdeq+Rce。
When IGBT on, off, the above-mentioned by the agency of of corresponding point of stray inductance.
4) it is based on the equivalent circuit of each power module in step 3), the power module all to transfer branch road carries out etc.
Effect, is equivalent to concatenated total voltage source VCEWith total stray inductance Lre, and calculate total voltage source VCEWith total stray inductance Lre。
Assuming that transfer branch road is in series with N number of power module, total voltage source VCEWith total stray inductance Lre(t) calculating is public
Formula are as follows:
Wherein, VCEIt (t) is the output voltage in t moment total voltage source, VceqIt (t) is the output voltage in t moment component voltage source,
RceqIt (t) is the resistance value of each equivalent resistance of t moment, Ic(t) it is t moment, flows through the electric current of each equivalent resistance, each equivalent resistance
Electric current is identical, namely flows through the electric current of capacitor, LreIt (t) is the inductance value of the total stray inductance of t moment, Lr(t) spuious for t moment point
The inductance value of inductance.
The state of IGBT is different in different t moment, each power module, including IGBT conducting and IGBT turn off two kinds of shapes
State, therefore, corresponding total voltage source VCEWith total stray inductance Lre(t) it is different.
5) the above calculating process is repeated until emulation completion, obtains the result such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5.
Fig. 4 is that the high voltage DC breaker equivalent model established according to the method described above shifts branch capacitor in breaking course
The accuracy comparison of voltage and the detailed model of the prior art.It is to transfer branch capacitor charging because of the process of breaker disjunction
A process, the equivalent process of entire power module be for can in accurate description power module capacitance voltage change
Change.After the completion of disjunction, the capacitance voltage of the equivalent model is 2879.8V, and the capacitance voltage of detailed model is 2894.8V, precision
Error is 0.5%, it was demonstrated that the accuracy of this method.
Fig. 5 is the high voltage DC breaker equivalent model the established according to the method described above stray inductance both ends in commutation course
Voltage waveform.Commutation time is 5.7 μ s, the stray inductance both ends maximum voltage of single power module is 240V, it was demonstrated that the party
Method can simulate influence of the stray inductance to commutation time.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of high voltage DC breaker emulation mode, which comprises the following steps:
Each power module in transfer branch road of dc circuit breaker is equivalent to the component voltage source being sequentially connected in series, equivalent resistance and is divided
Stray inductance;
Concatenated total voltage source and total stray electrical are equivalent to by branch is shifted according to the transfer branch concatenated power module number N in road
Sense, wherein total voltage source is the sum of the voltage in N number of component voltage source and N number of equivalent resistance, and total stray inductance is N number of point of stray electrical
The sum of sense.
2. high voltage DC breaker emulation mode according to claim 1, which is characterized in that power module is equivalent to successively
Concatenated component voltage source, equivalent resistance and the equivalent process for dividing stray inductance are as follows: based on backward-Euler method by each power module from
Dispersion obtains the concomitant circuit of power module, and concomitant circuit progress Dai Weinan is equivalent, is equivalent to the component voltage being sequentially connected in series
Source, equivalent resistance and divide stray inductance;It is in the concomitant circuit, the semiconductor switch in power module is equivalent according to its state
For variable resistance, the stray parameter in power module is equivalent to variable inductance according to the state of controllable switch in semiconductor switch,
Capacitor in power module is equivalent to the equivalent voltage source based on historic state according to the state of controllable switch in semiconductor switch
And resistance;The Dai Weinan is equivalent are as follows: by concomitant circuit variable resistance and equivalent resistance be equivalent resistance, equivalent voltage source
It is equivalent to component voltage source, variable inductance is equivalent to a point stray inductance.
3. high voltage DC breaker emulation mode according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the total voltage source and
The calculation formula of total stray inductance are as follows:
Wherein, VCEIt (t) is the output voltage in t moment total voltage source, VceqIt (t) is the output voltage in t moment component voltage source, Rceq
It (t) is the resistance value of each equivalent resistance of t moment, Ic(t) it is t moment, flows through the electric current of each equivalent resistance, the electric current of each equivalent resistance
It is identical, LreIt (t) is the inductance value of the total stray inductance of t moment, Lr(t) divide the inductance value of stray inductance for t moment.
4. high voltage DC breaker emulation mode according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in power module, if when t
At the time of quarter is controllable switch conducting, the calculation formula in corresponding component voltage source are as follows:
Wherein, Vceq(t) when being connected for controllable switch, the voltage value in component voltage source, RonFor the on-state of controllable switch in power module
Resistance, RceWhen being connected for controllable switch, the equivalent resistance of capacitor and its series diode in power module, Δ T is simulation step length,
VceWhen (t- Δ T) is based on controllable switch conducting, the voltage value of the equivalent voltage source of the capacitor of historic state.
5. high voltage DC breaker emulation mode according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in power module, if when t
At the time of quarter is controllable switch shutdown, the calculation formula in corresponding component voltage source are as follows:
Vceq(t)=Vce(t- Δ T),
Wherein, Vceq(t) when turning off for controllable switch, the voltage value in component voltage source, Δ T is simulation step length, Vce(t- Δ T) is base
When controllable switch shutdown, the voltage value of the equivalent voltage source of the capacitor of historic state.
6. high voltage DC breaker emulation mode according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in power module, if when t
It carves at the time of be controllable switch conducting, then the calculation formula of corresponding equivalent resistance are as follows:
Rceq=Rdeq+Rce//Ron,
Wherein, RceqWhen being connected for controllable switch, the resistance value of equivalent resistance, RdeqFor the equivalent resistance of diode full-bridge.
7. high voltage DC breaker emulation mode according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in power module, if when t
At the time of quarter is controllable switch shutdown, the calculation formula of corresponding equivalent resistance are as follows:
Rceq=Rdeq+Rce,
Wherein, RceqWhen being turned off for controllable switch, the resistance value of equivalent resistance, RceWhen being turned off for controllable switch, capacitor and its series connection two
The equivalent resistance of pole pipe, RdeqFor the equivalent resistance of diode full-bridge.
8. high voltage DC breaker emulation mode according to claim 3, which is characterized in that controllably opened in power module
When closing conducting, the calculation formula of corresponding point of stray inductance are as follows:
Lr(t)=Lron,
When controllable switch turns off in power module, the calculation formula of corresponding point of stray inductance are as follows:
Lr(t)=Lroff,
Wherein, Lr(t) divide the inductance value of stray inductance, L for t momentronThe inductance for dividing stray inductance when being connected for controllable switch
Value, LroffThe inductance value of time-division stray inductance is turned off for controllable switch.
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