CN110423160A - It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier - Google Patents
It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN110423160A CN110423160A CN201910820979.XA CN201910820979A CN110423160A CN 110423160 A CN110423160 A CN 110423160A CN 201910820979 A CN201910820979 A CN 201910820979A CN 110423160 A CN110423160 A CN 110423160A
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- charcoal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier, and this method carries out as follows: 1. corn stovers collected clear up, are broken into 2cm segment after drying;2. broken corn stover is filled into closed crucible, after be put into Muffle furnace at 600 DEG C and be pyrolyzed 2 hours;3. after Muffle furnace is cooling, taking out the particle that charcoal is ground into 2mm;4. the particle after grinding is soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate and takes out clean, dry acquisition charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer after 24 hours;5. measuring the phosphorus content of biological slow-released phosphate fertilizer using Olsen method;6. using the slow-release capability of anion exchange embrane method measurement charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the influence to soil available phosphorus.The present invention obtains the charcoal that can directly carry enough phosphorus elements, while directly carrying phosphorus element using the charcoal and being prepared into slow-release phosphate fertilizer by control charcoal preparation process.The present invention has the advantages that low in cost, simple process, significant effect.
Description
Technical field
Charcoal is prepared using corn stover pyrolysis the present invention relates to a kind of, and by loading mineral phosphorus element on charcoal
The method for preparing slow-release phosphate fertilizer belongs to Environmental Technology and utilization of agricultural resources utilization field.It is specifically a kind of raw with corn stover
Object charcoal is the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier.
Background technique
With the propulsion of China's agricultural development, a series of environmental problems becomes increasingly conspicuous.The application of mineral phosphate fertilizer can guarantee
The high yield of crop, however excessive fertilization or inappropriate fertilization mode then cause the loss of a large amount of phosphor resources.High concentration
Agriculture nitrogen phosphorus pollution of area source also result in serious water eutrophication, and have become pollution China's water body it is maximum because
Element.Meanwhile the phosphate fertilizer overwhelming majority currently on the market is from the exploitation of rock phosphate in powder, due to the exhaustive exploitation of rock phosphate in powder and its not
The phosphorus ore resource growing tension that the features such as renewable allows to utilize.Therefore, the agriculture phosphorus pollution of area source of control how is reduced
It is significant problem urgently to be resolved at present.Except pollution of area source problem, the agricultural system in China is also faced with a large amount of biomass castoffs
The problem of processing.As China administers the behave of haze in recent years, forbidding Burning Straws is even more that aggravation processing agricultural is raw
The difficulty of physical obsolescence object.Biological material, which is prepared into charcoal, by the gimmick of pyrolysis may be implemented biomass castoff
Minimizing.Charcoal can also be used as good soil conditioner, improve soil texture, promote soil quality.Charcoal has
Biggish porosity and specific surface area have good adsorption capacity to mineral phosphorus element, can also be taken by the forms such as precipitating, being complexed
Carry phosphorus element.Carrying can also slowly be released with the phosphorus element on charcoal by way of spreading in absorption-desorption balance and hole
It puts, so that charcoal has the feasibility for being made as slow-release phosphate fertilizer control farmland phosphorus loss.Phosphorus sustained release is prepared with charcoal at present
The method of fertilizer mainly pulverizes charcoal, and the adhesives such as rear mixing starch are as coating.Cost of manufacture is higher in this way,
And the charcoal after pulverizing has lost a part of biggish hole, phosphorus slow-release capability and the soil that can also reduce itself change
Intuitive ability power.The characteristics of present invention carries mineral phosphorus element using charcoal realizes and directly prepares slow-release phosphate fertilizer using charcoal, saves
Cost of manufacture has been saved, while having remained charcoal in effectiveness in farmland.The present invention first by by corn stover in appropriate temperature
The charcoal with suitable porosity and specific surface area is prepared in the lower pyrolysis of degree;Charcoal certain size is broken into again to be soaked in
It is saturated in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, slow-release phosphate fertilizer using charcoal as matrix can be obtained after taking out washed, drying afterwards.This hair
It is bright that there is the advantages that low in cost, simple process, efficacy lasting.
Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method disclosed in current existing research, mainly includes by charcoal grind into powder
It is mixed with coated granule slow release fertilizer (Gwenzi et al. 2018) with starch-PVA, existing main problem is to make
It is standby costly, and the charcoal pulverized loses most macrovoid, the phosphorus element slow-release capability itself having
It is not utilized.
With the propulsion of China's agricultural development, a series of environmental problems is increasingly prominent.Wherein caused by agricultural non-point source pollution
The disposition of water eutrophication and field biological matter rubbish is all current urgent problem to be solved.For above situation, the present invention
In conjunction with actual demand, a kind of method for preparing charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer using cornstalk biological charcoal has been invented.Its principle is benefit
There is the charcoal of high specific surface area and porosity used in the lower formation of 600 DEG C of pyrolysis.Then the charcoal is soaked in saturation
In potassium dihydrogen phosphate, so that mineral phosphorus element is mounted on charcoal in the form of absorption, precipitating and complexing etc. and form biology
Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer.It is mounted in the mineral phosphorus element on charcoal and can be balanced by absorption-desorption and delayed with phosphorus element in charcoal gap
The mechanism slow releases such as slow diffusion keep soil available phosphorus horizontal in soil, and then in the long period.The present invention utilizes life
Physical obsolescence object is prepared for the charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer that can actually utilize, and is conducive to handle farmland P elements pollution of area source simultaneously and ask
Topic, the low problem of mineral fertilizer P elements utilization rate and biomass handling problems have bright prospects.
Summary of the invention
The present invention prepares charcoal under suitable pyrolytical condition using corn stover, then carries mineral phosphorus with charcoal
Element prepares slow-release phosphate fertilizer.The technology not only can reach control agriculture by the loss of the application control field phosphorus element of slow-release phosphate fertilizer
The purpose of field phosphorus pollution of area source;And realize the minimizing of farmland sysrem biomass castoff, valueization;In addition, charcoal
Utilization can also improve soil quality, facilitate agricultural production.Therefore the present invention has higher economic benefit and good environment benefit,
With bright prospects.
To achieve the above object, the invention discloses following technology contents:
It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier, it is characterised in that carried out according to following steps:
1) collect corn stover cleared up, dry after be broken into 2cm segment;
2) broken corn stover is clogged into closed crucible, and with the 20 DEG C/min rate of heat addition to 600 DEG C, and maintenance 2 is small
When complete charcoal preparation;
3) charcoal prepared is ground to 2mm particle;
4) ground charcoal particle is soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate in ratio of the solid-to-liquid ratio less than 1:50, is mixed
It is even stand 24 hours, after with ultrapure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 times, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after will give birth to
Object charcoal, which is placed on tinfoil paper, is put into baking oven, dries 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtains charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;
5) using the phosphorus content of Olsen method measurement charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;Using anion exchange embrane method measurement charcoal sustained release
The slow-release capability of phosphate fertilizer and influence to soil available phosphorus.
The present invention further discloses effectivelying prevent by the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier of cornstalk biological charcoal
Application in terms of high soil phosphorus nutrient bring phosphorous loss caused by phosphate fertilizer initial stage.Experimental result is shown with charcoal
The phosphorus element of equivalent is added into soil for slow-release phosphate fertilizer and double superhosphate form, applies the soil of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer after 70 days
In available phosphorus level be 1.8 times of soil for applying double superhosphate.Therefore, maintain soil supply crop raw in the long period
When long enough available phosphorus levels, the amount of application of charcoal slow-release fertilizer will be substantially less that the application of mineral phosphate fertilizer (such as double superhosphate)
Amount, can greatly reduce high soil phosphorus nutrient bring phosphorous loss risk caused by phosphate fertilizer initial stage.
More detailed description of the present invention:
Technical solution provided by the invention is to prepare charcoal using corn stover pyrolysis, after by mineral phosphorus element with potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Form be supported on charcoal, to obtain the charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer of phosphorus content needed for having fertilizer.It is characterized in that system
Standby process carries out as follows:
The corn stover of collection is dried, is broken for the segment of 2 cm with multifunctional crusher (Shanghai wheat still DFY-500D) afterwards.
Crusher switch need to be manually controlled when operation and has reached slight broken, and otherwise corn stover can be fractured into powder.It will be crushed
Corn stover clog into the crucible of sealing.Then by crucible as in Muffle furnace (Tianjin middle ring SX-G16103B), with 20
DEG C/rate of min is warming up to 600 DEG C, and maintains 2 hours.During this, pyrolysis temperature need sufficiently high (reaching 600 DEG C) with
Guarantee that the charcoal prepared possesses sufficiently large specific surface area and porosity, i.e., sufficiently large phosphorus adsorption capacity.It is taken after cooling
It was slightly crushed the sieve of 10 mesh (2mm) hole, and charcoal under collection screen by the charcoal prepared out in mortar.It will
The charcoal being crushed is soaked in a large amount of saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphates (solid-to-liquid ratio is less than 1:50), and it is small that 24 are stood after mixing
When.Charcoal after collecting dipping with the screen to filtrate of 200 mesh (0.075mm) hole, while filtrate is collected and is recycled.With super
Pure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 times, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after charcoal be placed on tinfoil paper be put into baking
Case (wins fast GZX-9076MBE in Shanghai), dries 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtains charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer (Fig. 1).
Using Olsen method, BET method and 1:20(m/v) method of suspension measures containing for charcoal before and after carrying phosphorus respectively
Phosphorus amount, specific surface area, porosity and pH value.As a result (table 1) shows that the phosphorus content of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer is 83g/kg, is former
1000 times of charcoal phosphorus content, and reach the level that can be used as phosphate fertilizer.The charcoal being equipped with after mineral phosphorus element, ratio
Surface area and porosity decline 48.9% and 63.4% relative to the charcoal before carrying respectively, it was demonstrated that mineral phosphorus element can be mounted in
In the surface and hole of charcoal.Charcoal after carrying phosphorus element, by alkalinity (pH=9.62) before be changed into it is acid (pH=
5.23) it, is made to have the possibility applied in salt-soda soil;
Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer and common double superhosphate mineral fertilizer are applied in potting soil respectively, and using yin from
Proton exchange (Membranes International Inc., AMI-7001) measures the phosphorus nutrient of soil, result (figure
2) show relative to double superhosphate, charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer can maintain soil available phosphorus horizontal for a long time.It is after 70 days
Soil available phosphorus level is 1.8 times of the available phosphorus content of the soil of application double superhosphate.
Present invention mainly solves how preparing suitable charcoal, so that it is had enough phosphorus element carrying abilities and having reached
Level as phosphate fertilizer.High spot reviews charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer phosphorus element slow release situation, and comparison in the soil
The difference that soil available phosphorus level changes in the case of mineral phosphate fertilizer.Main difficult point is to prepare, and there is enough phosphorus elements to carry
The charcoal of ability, and in the soil by correct soil phosphorus nutrient measuring method check and evaluation charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer
Phosphorus slow-release capability.
It is disclosed by the invention to be by the beneficial effect of the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier of cornstalk biological charcoal:
1) present invention is in the case where doing slow-release fertilizer packaging material without using charcoal powder mixing other materials, directly by mineral phosphorus
Element is supported on charcoal, reduces the cost of manufacture of phosphorus slow-release fertilizer.Meanwhile impregnating the saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate of charcoal
Save the cost can also be recycled.
2) present invention can maintain soil available phosphorus horizontal for a long time compared to common mineral phosphate fertilizer (double superhosphate),
To realize the decrement of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates, it is also possible to prevent high soil phosphorus nutrient bring phosphorus element stream caused by phosphate fertilizer initial stage
It loses.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer finished product;
Fig. 2 charcoal slow-release fertilizer applies the effect to soil available phosphorus;
Fig. 3 cornstalk biological charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation process flow;
1. 2. Multi-function crusher 3. of corn stalk raw material is pyrolyzed 4. cornstalk biological charcoal of Muffle furnace, 5. potassium dihydrogen phosphate
(preparing saturated solution) 6. cornstalk biological charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizers.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, the technological means used in the present invention is this
Method well known to the technical staff of field.In addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, to be not intended to limit the present invention range,
The spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow.To those skilled in the art, without departing substantially from the present invention
Under the premise of spirit and scope, the various changes or change of material component and dosage progress in these embodiments are also belonged to
Protection scope of the present invention.The raw materials used in the present invention and reagent are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier:
(1) collect corn stover cleared up, dry after be broken into 2cm segment;
(2) broken corn stover is clogged into closed crucible, and with the 20 DEG C/min rate of heat addition to 600 DEG C, and maintenance 2 is small
When complete charcoal preparation;
(3) charcoal prepared is ground to 2mm particle;Ground charcoal particle is less than to the ratio of 1:50 by solid-to-liquid ratio
Example be soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate in, mix stand 24 hours, after with ultrapure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3
It is secondary, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after charcoal be placed on tinfoil paper be put into baking oven, dried 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtain biology
Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;
(4) using the phosphorus content of Olsen method measurement charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;Phosphorus content is 83g P kg-1, i.e., 8.3%.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of Baiyang Lake area cornstalk biological charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer and application
The preparation of cornstalk biological charcoal: by the corn stover that Baiyang Lake area is collected is clean dry after, with multifunctional crusher (minister
Source 250A) it is broken for the segment of 2 cm.The corn stover being crushed is clogged into the crucible of sealing.Then by crucible as horse
Not in furnace (Tianjin middle ring SX-G16103B), 600 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 20 DEG C/min, and maintain 2 hours.It is taken out after cooling
It was slightly crushed the sieve of 10 mesh (2mm) hole, and charcoal under collection screen by the charcoal of preparation in mortar.Pass through
BET method measurement, the specific surface area and porosity of charcoal reach 103.09m2/ g and 0.041cm3/ g has preferable adsorption energy
Power.
The preparation of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer: by the charcoal being crushed be soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate in (m/v=
1:50), 24 hours are stood after mixing.Charcoal after collecting dipping with the screen to filtrate of 200 mesh (0.075mm) hole.With super
Pure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 times, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after charcoal be placed on tinfoil paper be put into baking
Case (wins fast GZX-9076MBE in Shanghai), dries 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtains charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer.It is measured through Olsen method, biology
The phosphorus content of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer is 83g/kg(8.3%).
The application of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer: implement soil and be derived from Baiyang Lake shallow lake border region.Pedotheque is air-dried, after grinding
It is fitted into plant pot after crossing the sieve of 10 mesh (2mm) hole, every basin soil 500g.For compare charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer effect,
Implement soil and be divided into two parts, is separately added into charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer and double superhosphate.Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer amount of application is
1% soil weight, i.e. 5g;The amount of application of double superhosphate is 2.77g to guarantee that the total phosphorus being added is identical.It is handed over using anion
Change the phosphorus nutrient of film (Membranes International Inc., AMI-7001) measurement soil, result (Fig. 2) table
It is bright relative to double superhosphate, charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer can maintain soil available phosphorus horizontal for a long time.Its soil after 70 days
Available phosphorus level is 1.8 times of the available phosphorus content of the soil of application double superhosphate.
Anion exchange embrane method measuring method is as follows:
AEM film is impregnated presaturation 24 hours in 1M NaCl solution, after be cut into the slice of 2.5cm × 2.5cm.By sheet of membrane
It is inserted perpendicularly into soil 5cm depth to be measured.Soil moisture content is increased to the 80% of maximum water-holding capacity.When maintaining contact in two days
Between and then be washed with distilled water the film of taking-up to remove the soil particle of adherency, then film is put into containing 25mL 1M
In the centrifuge tube of NaCl solution.By centrifuge tube with rate oscillation 1 hour of 180rpm, and pass through PES filter membrane (0.45 μm) mistake
Filter extracting solution is to determine the phosphate (AEM-P) being adsorbed on AEM.Phosphorus concentration in extracting solution passes through the side Riley Murphy
Method measurement.Soil AEM-P is calculated divided by twice of AEM surface area by the phosphorus amount that will be extracted in solution.In soil incubation
Period repeats AEM-P every two weeks and measures, and about 70 days.
To sum up, proposed by the present invention a kind of to simplify by the slow-release phosphate fertilizer technology of preparing of carrier of cornstalk biological charcoal
The preparation process of charcoal slow-release fertilizer saves cost, and less mineral phosphorus resource can be used to maintain soil phophorus water for a long time
It is flat, there are significant scientific research and commercial practicability.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier, it is characterised in that according to following steps into
Row:
1) collect corn stover cleared up, dry after be broken into 2cm segment;
2) broken corn stover is clogged into closed crucible, and with the 20 DEG C/min rate of heat addition to 600 DEG C, and maintenance 2 is small
When complete charcoal preparation;
3) charcoal prepared is ground to 2mm particle;
4) ground charcoal particle is soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate in ratio of the solid-to-liquid ratio less than 1:50, is mixed
It is even stand 24 hours, after with ultrapure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 times, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after will give birth to
Object charcoal, which is placed on tinfoil paper, is put into baking oven, dries 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtains charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;
5) using the phosphorus content of Olsen method measurement charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;Charcoal is measured using anion exchange embrane method simultaneously
The slow-release capability of slow-release phosphate fertilizer and influence to soil available phosphorus.
2. right 1 requires described effectivelying prevent phosphate fertilizer to apply by the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier of cornstalk biological charcoal
Application in terms of the high soil phosphorus nutrient bring phosphorous loss caused by initial stage.
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Cited By (7)
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CN111253190A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-09 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Preparation method of slow-release phosphate fertilizer and slow-release phosphate fertilizer |
CN111454100A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-28 | 厦门大学 | Preparation method of slow-release phosphate fertilizer |
CN111978115A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-24 | 南开大学 | Farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system and method |
CN112371090A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-19 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing artificial soil by mixing and pyrolyzing lead-copper tailings and crop straws |
CN114890842A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-12 | 华中农业大学 | Environment-friendly slow-release phosphate fertilizer based on agricultural solid waste value-added utilization and preparation method thereof |
CN115594527A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-13 | 北部湾大学(Cn) | Preparation method of biochar-loaded controllable slow-release phosphate fertilizer |
CN116328721A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-06-27 | 济南大学 | Biochar prepared from alkaline residue and straw and application of biochar in dephosphorization and demanganization |
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CN111253190A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-09 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Preparation method of slow-release phosphate fertilizer and slow-release phosphate fertilizer |
CN111454100A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-28 | 厦门大学 | Preparation method of slow-release phosphate fertilizer |
CN111978115A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-24 | 南开大学 | Farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system and method |
CN111978115B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2024-04-16 | 南开大学 | System and method for intercepting and recycling biochar in farmland soil with nitrogen and phosphorus loss |
CN112371090A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-19 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing artificial soil by mixing and pyrolyzing lead-copper tailings and crop straws |
CN114890842A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-12 | 华中农业大学 | Environment-friendly slow-release phosphate fertilizer based on agricultural solid waste value-added utilization and preparation method thereof |
CN114890842B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-02-03 | 华中农业大学 | Environment-friendly slow-release phosphate fertilizer based on agricultural solid waste value-added utilization and preparation method thereof |
CN115594527A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-13 | 北部湾大学(Cn) | Preparation method of biochar-loaded controllable slow-release phosphate fertilizer |
CN116328721A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-06-27 | 济南大学 | Biochar prepared from alkaline residue and straw and application of biochar in dephosphorization and demanganization |
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