CN110423160A - It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier - Google Patents

It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110423160A
CN110423160A CN201910820979.XA CN201910820979A CN110423160A CN 110423160 A CN110423160 A CN 110423160A CN 201910820979 A CN201910820979 A CN 201910820979A CN 110423160 A CN110423160 A CN 110423160A
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charcoal
slow
phosphate fertilizer
release
phosphorus
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卢学强
李海笑
李玉鑫
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Nankai University
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Nankai University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier, and this method carries out as follows: 1. corn stovers collected clear up, are broken into 2cm segment after drying;2. broken corn stover is filled into closed crucible, after be put into Muffle furnace at 600 DEG C and be pyrolyzed 2 hours;3. after Muffle furnace is cooling, taking out the particle that charcoal is ground into 2mm;4. the particle after grinding is soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate and takes out clean, dry acquisition charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer after 24 hours;5. measuring the phosphorus content of biological slow-released phosphate fertilizer using Olsen method;6. using the slow-release capability of anion exchange embrane method measurement charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer and the influence to soil available phosphorus.The present invention obtains the charcoal that can directly carry enough phosphorus elements, while directly carrying phosphorus element using the charcoal and being prepared into slow-release phosphate fertilizer by control charcoal preparation process.The present invention has the advantages that low in cost, simple process, significant effect.

Description

It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier
Technical field
Charcoal is prepared using corn stover pyrolysis the present invention relates to a kind of, and by loading mineral phosphorus element on charcoal The method for preparing slow-release phosphate fertilizer belongs to Environmental Technology and utilization of agricultural resources utilization field.It is specifically a kind of raw with corn stover Object charcoal is the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier.
Background technique
With the propulsion of China's agricultural development, a series of environmental problems becomes increasingly conspicuous.The application of mineral phosphate fertilizer can guarantee The high yield of crop, however excessive fertilization or inappropriate fertilization mode then cause the loss of a large amount of phosphor resources.High concentration Agriculture nitrogen phosphorus pollution of area source also result in serious water eutrophication, and have become pollution China's water body it is maximum because Element.Meanwhile the phosphate fertilizer overwhelming majority currently on the market is from the exploitation of rock phosphate in powder, due to the exhaustive exploitation of rock phosphate in powder and its not The phosphorus ore resource growing tension that the features such as renewable allows to utilize.Therefore, the agriculture phosphorus pollution of area source of control how is reduced It is significant problem urgently to be resolved at present.Except pollution of area source problem, the agricultural system in China is also faced with a large amount of biomass castoffs The problem of processing.As China administers the behave of haze in recent years, forbidding Burning Straws is even more that aggravation processing agricultural is raw The difficulty of physical obsolescence object.Biological material, which is prepared into charcoal, by the gimmick of pyrolysis may be implemented biomass castoff Minimizing.Charcoal can also be used as good soil conditioner, improve soil texture, promote soil quality.Charcoal has Biggish porosity and specific surface area have good adsorption capacity to mineral phosphorus element, can also be taken by the forms such as precipitating, being complexed Carry phosphorus element.Carrying can also slowly be released with the phosphorus element on charcoal by way of spreading in absorption-desorption balance and hole It puts, so that charcoal has the feasibility for being made as slow-release phosphate fertilizer control farmland phosphorus loss.Phosphorus sustained release is prepared with charcoal at present The method of fertilizer mainly pulverizes charcoal, and the adhesives such as rear mixing starch are as coating.Cost of manufacture is higher in this way, And the charcoal after pulverizing has lost a part of biggish hole, phosphorus slow-release capability and the soil that can also reduce itself change Intuitive ability power.The characteristics of present invention carries mineral phosphorus element using charcoal realizes and directly prepares slow-release phosphate fertilizer using charcoal, saves Cost of manufacture has been saved, while having remained charcoal in effectiveness in farmland.The present invention first by by corn stover in appropriate temperature The charcoal with suitable porosity and specific surface area is prepared in the lower pyrolysis of degree;Charcoal certain size is broken into again to be soaked in It is saturated in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, slow-release phosphate fertilizer using charcoal as matrix can be obtained after taking out washed, drying afterwards.This hair It is bright that there is the advantages that low in cost, simple process, efficacy lasting.
Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method disclosed in current existing research, mainly includes by charcoal grind into powder It is mixed with coated granule slow release fertilizer (Gwenzi et al. 2018) with starch-PVA, existing main problem is to make It is standby costly, and the charcoal pulverized loses most macrovoid, the phosphorus element slow-release capability itself having It is not utilized.
With the propulsion of China's agricultural development, a series of environmental problems is increasingly prominent.Wherein caused by agricultural non-point source pollution The disposition of water eutrophication and field biological matter rubbish is all current urgent problem to be solved.For above situation, the present invention In conjunction with actual demand, a kind of method for preparing charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer using cornstalk biological charcoal has been invented.Its principle is benefit There is the charcoal of high specific surface area and porosity used in the lower formation of 600 DEG C of pyrolysis.Then the charcoal is soaked in saturation In potassium dihydrogen phosphate, so that mineral phosphorus element is mounted on charcoal in the form of absorption, precipitating and complexing etc. and form biology Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer.It is mounted in the mineral phosphorus element on charcoal and can be balanced by absorption-desorption and delayed with phosphorus element in charcoal gap The mechanism slow releases such as slow diffusion keep soil available phosphorus horizontal in soil, and then in the long period.The present invention utilizes life Physical obsolescence object is prepared for the charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer that can actually utilize, and is conducive to handle farmland P elements pollution of area source simultaneously and ask Topic, the low problem of mineral fertilizer P elements utilization rate and biomass handling problems have bright prospects.
Summary of the invention
The present invention prepares charcoal under suitable pyrolytical condition using corn stover, then carries mineral phosphorus with charcoal Element prepares slow-release phosphate fertilizer.The technology not only can reach control agriculture by the loss of the application control field phosphorus element of slow-release phosphate fertilizer The purpose of field phosphorus pollution of area source;And realize the minimizing of farmland sysrem biomass castoff, valueization;In addition, charcoal Utilization can also improve soil quality, facilitate agricultural production.Therefore the present invention has higher economic benefit and good environment benefit, With bright prospects.
To achieve the above object, the invention discloses following technology contents:
It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier, it is characterised in that carried out according to following steps:
1) collect corn stover cleared up, dry after be broken into 2cm segment;
2) broken corn stover is clogged into closed crucible, and with the 20 DEG C/min rate of heat addition to 600 DEG C, and maintenance 2 is small When complete charcoal preparation;
3) charcoal prepared is ground to 2mm particle;
4) ground charcoal particle is soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate in ratio of the solid-to-liquid ratio less than 1:50, is mixed It is even stand 24 hours, after with ultrapure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 times, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after will give birth to Object charcoal, which is placed on tinfoil paper, is put into baking oven, dries 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtains charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;
5) using the phosphorus content of Olsen method measurement charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;Using anion exchange embrane method measurement charcoal sustained release The slow-release capability of phosphate fertilizer and influence to soil available phosphorus.
The present invention further discloses effectivelying prevent by the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier of cornstalk biological charcoal Application in terms of high soil phosphorus nutrient bring phosphorous loss caused by phosphate fertilizer initial stage.Experimental result is shown with charcoal The phosphorus element of equivalent is added into soil for slow-release phosphate fertilizer and double superhosphate form, applies the soil of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer after 70 days In available phosphorus level be 1.8 times of soil for applying double superhosphate.Therefore, maintain soil supply crop raw in the long period When long enough available phosphorus levels, the amount of application of charcoal slow-release fertilizer will be substantially less that the application of mineral phosphate fertilizer (such as double superhosphate) Amount, can greatly reduce high soil phosphorus nutrient bring phosphorous loss risk caused by phosphate fertilizer initial stage.
More detailed description of the present invention:
Technical solution provided by the invention is to prepare charcoal using corn stover pyrolysis, after by mineral phosphorus element with potassium dihydrogen phosphate Form be supported on charcoal, to obtain the charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer of phosphorus content needed for having fertilizer.It is characterized in that system Standby process carries out as follows:
The corn stover of collection is dried, is broken for the segment of 2 cm with multifunctional crusher (Shanghai wheat still DFY-500D) afterwards. Crusher switch need to be manually controlled when operation and has reached slight broken, and otherwise corn stover can be fractured into powder.It will be crushed Corn stover clog into the crucible of sealing.Then by crucible as in Muffle furnace (Tianjin middle ring SX-G16103B), with 20 DEG C/rate of min is warming up to 600 DEG C, and maintains 2 hours.During this, pyrolysis temperature need sufficiently high (reaching 600 DEG C) with Guarantee that the charcoal prepared possesses sufficiently large specific surface area and porosity, i.e., sufficiently large phosphorus adsorption capacity.It is taken after cooling It was slightly crushed the sieve of 10 mesh (2mm) hole, and charcoal under collection screen by the charcoal prepared out in mortar.It will The charcoal being crushed is soaked in a large amount of saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphates (solid-to-liquid ratio is less than 1:50), and it is small that 24 are stood after mixing When.Charcoal after collecting dipping with the screen to filtrate of 200 mesh (0.075mm) hole, while filtrate is collected and is recycled.With super Pure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 times, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after charcoal be placed on tinfoil paper be put into baking Case (wins fast GZX-9076MBE in Shanghai), dries 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtains charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer (Fig. 1).
Using Olsen method, BET method and 1:20(m/v) method of suspension measures containing for charcoal before and after carrying phosphorus respectively Phosphorus amount, specific surface area, porosity and pH value.As a result (table 1) shows that the phosphorus content of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer is 83g/kg, is former 1000 times of charcoal phosphorus content, and reach the level that can be used as phosphate fertilizer.The charcoal being equipped with after mineral phosphorus element, ratio Surface area and porosity decline 48.9% and 63.4% relative to the charcoal before carrying respectively, it was demonstrated that mineral phosphorus element can be mounted in In the surface and hole of charcoal.Charcoal after carrying phosphorus element, by alkalinity (pH=9.62) before be changed into it is acid (pH= 5.23) it, is made to have the possibility applied in salt-soda soil;
Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer and common double superhosphate mineral fertilizer are applied in potting soil respectively, and using yin from Proton exchange (Membranes International Inc., AMI-7001) measures the phosphorus nutrient of soil, result (figure 2) show relative to double superhosphate, charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer can maintain soil available phosphorus horizontal for a long time.It is after 70 days Soil available phosphorus level is 1.8 times of the available phosphorus content of the soil of application double superhosphate.
Present invention mainly solves how preparing suitable charcoal, so that it is had enough phosphorus element carrying abilities and having reached Level as phosphate fertilizer.High spot reviews charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer phosphorus element slow release situation, and comparison in the soil The difference that soil available phosphorus level changes in the case of mineral phosphate fertilizer.Main difficult point is to prepare, and there is enough phosphorus elements to carry The charcoal of ability, and in the soil by correct soil phosphorus nutrient measuring method check and evaluation charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer Phosphorus slow-release capability.
It is disclosed by the invention to be by the beneficial effect of the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier of cornstalk biological charcoal:
1) present invention is in the case where doing slow-release fertilizer packaging material without using charcoal powder mixing other materials, directly by mineral phosphorus Element is supported on charcoal, reduces the cost of manufacture of phosphorus slow-release fertilizer.Meanwhile impregnating the saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate of charcoal Save the cost can also be recycled.
2) present invention can maintain soil available phosphorus horizontal for a long time compared to common mineral phosphate fertilizer (double superhosphate), To realize the decrement of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates, it is also possible to prevent high soil phosphorus nutrient bring phosphorus element stream caused by phosphate fertilizer initial stage It loses.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer finished product;
Fig. 2 charcoal slow-release fertilizer applies the effect to soil available phosphorus;
Fig. 3 cornstalk biological charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation process flow;
1. 2. Multi-function crusher 3. of corn stalk raw material is pyrolyzed 4. cornstalk biological charcoal of Muffle furnace, 5. potassium dihydrogen phosphate (preparing saturated solution) 6. cornstalk biological charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizers.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, the technological means used in the present invention is this Method well known to the technical staff of field.In addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, to be not intended to limit the present invention range, The spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow.To those skilled in the art, without departing substantially from the present invention Under the premise of spirit and scope, the various changes or change of material component and dosage progress in these embodiments are also belonged to Protection scope of the present invention.The raw materials used in the present invention and reagent are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier:
(1) collect corn stover cleared up, dry after be broken into 2cm segment;
(2) broken corn stover is clogged into closed crucible, and with the 20 DEG C/min rate of heat addition to 600 DEG C, and maintenance 2 is small When complete charcoal preparation;
(3) charcoal prepared is ground to 2mm particle;Ground charcoal particle is less than to the ratio of 1:50 by solid-to-liquid ratio Example be soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate in, mix stand 24 hours, after with ultrapure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 It is secondary, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after charcoal be placed on tinfoil paper be put into baking oven, dried 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtain biology Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;
(4) using the phosphorus content of Olsen method measurement charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;Phosphorus content is 83g P kg-1, i.e., 8.3%.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of Baiyang Lake area cornstalk biological charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer and application
The preparation of cornstalk biological charcoal: by the corn stover that Baiyang Lake area is collected is clean dry after, with multifunctional crusher (minister Source 250A) it is broken for the segment of 2 cm.The corn stover being crushed is clogged into the crucible of sealing.Then by crucible as horse Not in furnace (Tianjin middle ring SX-G16103B), 600 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 20 DEG C/min, and maintain 2 hours.It is taken out after cooling It was slightly crushed the sieve of 10 mesh (2mm) hole, and charcoal under collection screen by the charcoal of preparation in mortar.Pass through BET method measurement, the specific surface area and porosity of charcoal reach 103.09m2/ g and 0.041cm3/ g has preferable adsorption energy Power.
The preparation of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer: by the charcoal being crushed be soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate in (m/v= 1:50), 24 hours are stood after mixing.Charcoal after collecting dipping with the screen to filtrate of 200 mesh (0.075mm) hole.With super Pure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 times, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after charcoal be placed on tinfoil paper be put into baking Case (wins fast GZX-9076MBE in Shanghai), dries 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtains charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer.It is measured through Olsen method, biology The phosphorus content of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer is 83g/kg(8.3%).
The application of charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer: implement soil and be derived from Baiyang Lake shallow lake border region.Pedotheque is air-dried, after grinding It is fitted into plant pot after crossing the sieve of 10 mesh (2mm) hole, every basin soil 500g.For compare charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer effect, Implement soil and be divided into two parts, is separately added into charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer and double superhosphate.Charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer amount of application is 1% soil weight, i.e. 5g;The amount of application of double superhosphate is 2.77g to guarantee that the total phosphorus being added is identical.It is handed over using anion Change the phosphorus nutrient of film (Membranes International Inc., AMI-7001) measurement soil, result (Fig. 2) table It is bright relative to double superhosphate, charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer can maintain soil available phosphorus horizontal for a long time.Its soil after 70 days Available phosphorus level is 1.8 times of the available phosphorus content of the soil of application double superhosphate.
Anion exchange embrane method measuring method is as follows:
AEM film is impregnated presaturation 24 hours in 1M NaCl solution, after be cut into the slice of 2.5cm × 2.5cm.By sheet of membrane It is inserted perpendicularly into soil 5cm depth to be measured.Soil moisture content is increased to the 80% of maximum water-holding capacity.When maintaining contact in two days Between and then be washed with distilled water the film of taking-up to remove the soil particle of adherency, then film is put into containing 25mL 1M In the centrifuge tube of NaCl solution.By centrifuge tube with rate oscillation 1 hour of 180rpm, and pass through PES filter membrane (0.45 μm) mistake Filter extracting solution is to determine the phosphate (AEM-P) being adsorbed on AEM.Phosphorus concentration in extracting solution passes through the side Riley Murphy Method measurement.Soil AEM-P is calculated divided by twice of AEM surface area by the phosphorus amount that will be extracted in solution.In soil incubation Period repeats AEM-P every two weeks and measures, and about 70 days.
To sum up, proposed by the present invention a kind of to simplify by the slow-release phosphate fertilizer technology of preparing of carrier of cornstalk biological charcoal The preparation process of charcoal slow-release fertilizer saves cost, and less mineral phosphorus resource can be used to maintain soil phophorus water for a long time It is flat, there are significant scientific research and commercial practicability.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier, it is characterised in that according to following steps into Row:
1) collect corn stover cleared up, dry after be broken into 2cm segment;
2) broken corn stover is clogged into closed crucible, and with the 20 DEG C/min rate of heat addition to 600 DEG C, and maintenance 2 is small When complete charcoal preparation;
3) charcoal prepared is ground to 2mm particle;
4) ground charcoal particle is soaked in saturation potassium dihydrogen phosphate in ratio of the solid-to-liquid ratio less than 1:50, is mixed It is even stand 24 hours, after with ultrapure water cleaning be collected by filtration after charcoal 3 times, wash away the supernatant liquid of biological carbon surface, after will give birth to Object charcoal, which is placed on tinfoil paper, is put into baking oven, dries 3 days at 50 DEG C, obtains charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;
5) using the phosphorus content of Olsen method measurement charcoal slow-release phosphate fertilizer;Charcoal is measured using anion exchange embrane method simultaneously The slow-release capability of slow-release phosphate fertilizer and influence to soil available phosphorus.
2. right 1 requires described effectivelying prevent phosphate fertilizer to apply by the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier of cornstalk biological charcoal Application in terms of the high soil phosphorus nutrient bring phosphorous loss caused by initial stage.
CN201910820979.XA 2019-09-02 2019-09-02 It is a kind of using cornstalk biological charcoal as the slow-release phosphate fertilizer preparation method of carrier Pending CN110423160A (en)

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CN111253190A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-09 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 Preparation method of slow-release phosphate fertilizer and slow-release phosphate fertilizer
CN111454100A (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-28 厦门大学 Preparation method of slow-release phosphate fertilizer
CN111978115A (en) * 2020-09-09 2020-11-24 南开大学 Farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system and method
CN112371090A (en) * 2020-11-13 2021-02-19 昆明理工大学 Method for preparing artificial soil by mixing and pyrolyzing lead-copper tailings and crop straws
CN114890842A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-12 华中农业大学 Environment-friendly slow-release phosphate fertilizer based on agricultural solid waste value-added utilization and preparation method thereof
CN115594527A (en) * 2022-10-31 2023-01-13 北部湾大学(Cn) Preparation method of biochar-loaded controllable slow-release phosphate fertilizer
CN116328721A (en) * 2023-02-02 2023-06-27 济南大学 Biochar prepared from alkaline residue and straw and application of biochar in dephosphorization and demanganization

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CN111253190A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-09 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 Preparation method of slow-release phosphate fertilizer and slow-release phosphate fertilizer
CN111454100A (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-28 厦门大学 Preparation method of slow-release phosphate fertilizer
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CN112371090A (en) * 2020-11-13 2021-02-19 昆明理工大学 Method for preparing artificial soil by mixing and pyrolyzing lead-copper tailings and crop straws
CN114890842A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-12 华中农业大学 Environment-friendly slow-release phosphate fertilizer based on agricultural solid waste value-added utilization and preparation method thereof
CN114890842B (en) * 2022-05-17 2023-02-03 华中农业大学 Environment-friendly slow-release phosphate fertilizer based on agricultural solid waste value-added utilization and preparation method thereof
CN115594527A (en) * 2022-10-31 2023-01-13 北部湾大学(Cn) Preparation method of biochar-loaded controllable slow-release phosphate fertilizer
CN116328721A (en) * 2023-02-02 2023-06-27 济南大学 Biochar prepared from alkaline residue and straw and application of biochar in dephosphorization and demanganization

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