CN110380052A - One kind being based on the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode - Google Patents

One kind being based on the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode Download PDF

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CN110380052A
CN110380052A CN201910656421.2A CN201910656421A CN110380052A CN 110380052 A CN110380052 A CN 110380052A CN 201910656421 A CN201910656421 A CN 201910656421A CN 110380052 A CN110380052 A CN 110380052A
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lithia
composite material
copper nanoparticle
parts
sulphur
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CN110380052B (en
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田韬
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Dongying Kunyu Power Supply Technology Co ltd
Shenzhen Kunyu Power Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0422Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
    • H01M10/0427Button cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The present invention relates to lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery anode field of material technology, and disclose a kind of based on the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode, comprising: by conductive filler oxygen copper nanoparticle (Cu) and lithia (Li2O) porous ceramics obtains finely dispersed copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier by ball-milling treatment, using melting method of impregnation by elemental sulfur anode sulphur powder (S8) be infiltrated up in copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier hole, highly conductive sulfenyl composite material is prepared.The present invention solves the sulphur anode of current lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery anode materials'use, due to elemental sulfur and its discharging product be all the insulator of electronics and ion, electronics and ion in anode transmission difficult, the technical problem for causing room temperature electrochemical reaction kinetic rate slow.

Description

One kind being based on the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery anode field of material technology, specially a kind of high based on lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode Conductive sulfenyl composite material.
Background technique
Electric car once charges 1/3 of mileage travelled not as good as traditional oils vehicle at present, in order to meet electric vehicle engineering, with And the growth requirement of upcoming intelligent automobile technology, it is necessary to the performance of General Promotion power battery.Therefore, developing has more The novel anode material of height ratio capacity and more excellent chemical property becomes the key for developing next-generation lithium secondary battery.
Lithium-sulfur cell is one of the hot spot of high-capacity lithium ion cell research in recent years, with traditional lithium ion battery oxygen Compound electrode material (such as LiCoO2, LiFePO4Deng) compare, sulphur anode specific capacity, energy density and in terms of all With unique advantage.Theoretically, LiS is generated after lithium reacts completely with sulphur2, it can be achieved that 2 electron reactions, and the original of elemental sulfur Son amount is obviously lighter than the inlaid scheme positive electrode of current commercial Li-ion battery, and electrode theory specific capacity is reachable 1675mAh/g reaches 2600Wh/kg with lithium/sulfur rechargeable battery system theoretical energy density of sulphur and lithium metal building.
The electrochemical reaction of sulphur anode includes multi-step redox reaction, the complicated phase transfer of simultaneous sulfide Process, when electric discharge, solid phase elemental sulfur S8(s) dissolution occurs first and forms liquid phase elemental sulfur S8(l), then sulfide linkage is gradually broken quilt Reduction, then according to reaction equation: S8(l)+2e-→S8 2-、3S8 2-+2e-→4S6 2-、2S6 2-+2e-→3S4 2-、S4 2-+2e-→ 2S6 2-、S2 2-+2e-→S2-, gradually generate a series of polysulfide anion (S of soluble moderate-length chainsn 2-), equation: S8(l) +2e-→S8 2-、3S8 2-+2e-→4S6 2-、2S6 2-+2e-→3S4 2-, indicate liquid phase simple substance S8Gradually it is reduced into Sn 2-(4≤n≤ 8), they are soluble in the electrolytic solution, as shown in following the equation: S4 2-+2e-→2S6 2-、S2 2-+2e-→S2-、S2 2-+2Li+→ Li2S2↓、S2-+2Li+→Li2S ↓, with the intensification of depth of discharge, long-chain polysulfide ion is further reduced, and generates lower valency S2 2-And S2-, in conjunction with lithium ion, generate insoluble final state product Li2S2And Li2S;And during the charging process, then occur Reversible opposite reaction, discharging product Li2S2And Li2S is gradually oxidized to long-chain polysulfide lithium, is finally oxidised to elemental sulfur;Lithium There are two typical discharge platforms for sulphur battery tool, and under normal circumstances, high voltage platform is down to 2.1V, corresponding elemental sulfur from 2.45V S8By a series of solvable polysulfide anion, S is ultimately produced4 2-, the voltage of low-voltage platform maintains 2.1V~1.7V, shows The S of generation4 2-Finally it is reduced into Li2S2And Li2S。
Above-mentioned oxidationreduction mechanism makes sulphur anode can break through the limitation of traditional intercalation compound capacity, shows Much higher than the capacity of traditional positive electrode, but there are the following difficulties for being badly in need of overcoming for the battery system: due to the insulating properties of sulphur Problem, elemental sulfur and its discharging product are all that (conductivity of sulphur is only 5 × 10 at room temperature for the insulator of electronics and ion-30S/ Cm), electronics and ion are difficult in anode transmission, cause room temperature electrochemical reaction kinetic rate very slow.
Summary of the invention
(1) the technical issues of solving
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides one kind to be based on the highly conductive sulfenyl composite wood of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode Material solves the sulphur anode of current lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery anode materials'use, since elemental sulfur and its discharging product are all electronics With the insulator of ion, electronics and ion are difficult in anode transmission, the technology for causing room temperature electrochemical reaction kinetic rate slow Problem.
(2) technical solution
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
One kind being based on the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode, the raw material including following parts by weight proportion: 40~60 parts of micron order lithia ceramics particle, 30~50 parts of micron silicon diatomaceous earth, 6~15 parts of silica solution, 10~20 Polyethylene glycol hole sealing agent, 100 parts of the n-hexane solvent, 8~15 parts of copper nanoparticle (Cu), 200 parts of sulphur powder (S of part8);
By conductive filler oxygen copper nanoparticle (Cu) and lithia (Li2O) it is equal to obtain dispersion by ball-milling treatment for porous ceramics Even copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier, using melting method of impregnation by elemental sulfur anode sulphur powder (S8) It is infiltrated up in copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier hole, highly conductive sulfenyl composite material is prepared.
Preferably, average grain diameter≤75um of the micron order lithia ceramics particle.
Preferably, average grain diameter≤48um of the micron silicon diatomaceous earth.
Preferably, the average grain diameter 500nm of the copper nanoparticle (Cu).
(3) beneficial technical effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effect:
The present invention is by conductive filler oxygen copper nanoparticle (Cu) and lithia (Li2O) porous ceramics is obtained by ball-milling treatment Finely dispersed copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier, using melting method of impregnation by elemental sulfur anode sulphur Powder (S8) be infiltrated up in copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier hole, it is multiple that highly conductive sulfenyl is prepared Condensation material;
As a positive electrode active material by highly conductive sulfenyl composite material, Li metal is to electrode, in the gloves for being full of Ar gas 2025 type button cells are assembled in case, and electrochemical property test is carried out to it, as a result are as follows: the constant current charge and discharge under 0.1C multiplying power Electricity, discharge capacity is 754.3~755.6mAh/g for the first time, after 50 charge and discharge cycles, discharge capacity is 687.4~ 687.8mAh/g;
To solve the sulphur of current lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery anode materials'use anode, due to elemental sulfur and its discharging product All it is that the insulator of electronics and ion, electronics and ion are difficult in anode transmission, leads to room temperature electrochemical reaction kinetic rate Slow technical problem.
Specific embodiment
Lithia (Li2O) ceramic, white powder, density 2.013g/cm3, content >=98.5%, Shanghai Long John metal material Expect Co., Ltd;
Sulphur powder (S8), 400 mesh, content >=99.9%, technical grade, 114 DEG C of fusing point, density 2.36g/cm3, Zhengzhou grace Rise chemical products Co., Ltd;
Copper nanoparticle (Cu), average grain diameter 500nm, purity > 99.5%, Shanghai Chao Wei nanosecond science and technology Co., Ltd.
Embodiment one:
(1) lithia (Li2O) the preparation of porous ceramics
A. 40g average grain diameter≤75um lithia ceramics particle, 30g average grain diameter≤48um diatomite, 6g are weighed Silica solution, it is spare;Wherein the mass fraction of the silica in silica solution is 25%;
B. the polyethylene glycol hole sealing agent of 10g is dissolved in the n-hexane solvent of 100g, obtains pretreatment fluid;First to step (a) diatomite in is vacuumized, until being added in above-mentioned pretreatment fluid after vacuum degree is 5Pa and carrying out pretreatment 1h, connect By filtering and dry, obtain pretreated diatomite;
C. by the lithia ceramics particle in step (a) together with 20g dehydrated alcohol ball milling 3h, obtain doped silicon carbide Lithia ceramics slurry;
D. by the silica solution in step (a), the diatomite in step (b), lithia ceramics slurry, 8g in step (c) Copper nanoparticle (Cu) is together with dehydrated alcohol, under the rate of revolving speed 180rpm, ball milling 3h, later, by drying, hydrostatic profile After processing, copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier is prepared in the heat preservation sintering 2h at 850 DEG C of temperature;
(2) by 200g sulphur powder (S8) be placed in alumina crucible, it is put into baking oven, melts at 135 DEG C of temperature;
Later, the copper nanoparticle in step (1)-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier is immersed in sulfur melt, 1h is kept the temperature at 135 DEG C of temperature, later takes out lithia porous ceramics from sulfur melt, removes the adherency melt on surface, it is cold But to room temperature, highly conductive sulfenyl composite material is prepared;
(3) the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material prepared in step (2) is tested for the property, infiltration rate is 42.6%, Volume infiltration rate is 53.8%;
Later, as a positive electrode active material by highly conductive sulfenyl composite material, Li metal is to be full of Ar gas to electrode 2025 type button cells are assembled in glove box, and electrochemical property test is carried out to it, as a result are as follows: the constant current under 0.1C multiplying power Charge and discharge, discharge capacity is 754.3mAh/g for the first time, after 50 charge and discharge cycles, discharge capacity 687.4mAh/g.
Embodiment two:
(1) lithia (Li2O) the preparation of porous ceramics
A. 60g average grain diameter≤75um lithia ceramics particle, 50g average grain diameter≤48um diatomite, 15g are weighed Silica solution, it is spare;Wherein the mass fraction of the silica in silica solution is 30%;
B. the polyethylene glycol hole sealing agent of 20g is dissolved in the n-hexane solvent of 100g, obtains pretreatment fluid;First to step (a) diatomite in is vacuumized, until be added in above-mentioned pretreatment fluid after vacuum degree is 10Pa and carry out pretreatment 1h, It is then passed through filtering and drying, obtains pretreated diatomite;
C. by the lithia ceramics particle in step (a) together with 20g dehydrated alcohol ball milling 5h, obtain doped silicon carbide Lithia ceramics slurry;
D. by the silica solution in step (a), the diatomite in step (b), lithia ceramics slurry, 15g in step (c) Copper nanoparticle (Cu) is together with dehydrated alcohol, under the rate of revolving speed 300rpm, ball milling 3h, later, by drying, hydrostatic profile After processing, copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier is prepared in the heat preservation sintering 5h at 900 DEG C of temperature;
(2) by 200g sulphur powder (S8) be placed in alumina crucible, it is put into baking oven, melts at 150 DEG C of temperature;
Later, the copper nanoparticle in step (1)-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier is immersed in sulfur melt, 1h is kept the temperature at 150 DEG C of temperature, later takes out lithia porous ceramics from sulfur melt, removes the adherency melt on surface, it is cold But to room temperature, highly conductive sulfenyl composite material is prepared;
(3) the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material prepared in step (2) is tested for the property, infiltration rate is 44.3%, Volume infiltration rate is 54.4%;
Later, as a positive electrode active material by highly conductive sulfenyl composite material, Li metal is to be full of Ar gas to electrode 2025 type button cells are assembled in glove box, and electrochemical property test is carried out to it, as a result are as follows: the constant current under 0.1C multiplying power Charge and discharge, discharge capacity is 754.9mAh/g for the first time, after 50 charge and discharge cycles, discharge capacity 687.7mAh/g.
Embodiment three:
(1) lithia (Li2O) the preparation of porous ceramics
A. 50g average grain diameter≤75um lithia ceramics particle, 40g average grain diameter≤48um diatomite, 12g are weighed Silica solution, it is spare;Wherein the mass fraction of the silica in silica solution is 30%;
B. the polyethylene glycol hole sealing agent of 18g is dissolved in the n-hexane solvent of 100g, obtains pretreatment fluid;First to step (a) diatomite in is vacuumized, until being added in above-mentioned pretreatment fluid after vacuum degree is 9Pa and carrying out pretreatment 1h, connect By filtering and dry, obtain pretreated diatomite;
C. by the lithia ceramics particle in step (a) together with 20g dehydrated alcohol ball milling 4h, obtain doped silicon carbide Lithia ceramics slurry;
D. by the silica solution in step (a), the diatomite in step (b), lithia ceramics slurry, 12g in step (c) Copper nanoparticle (Cu) is together with dehydrated alcohol, under the rate of revolving speed 240rpm, ball milling 3h, later, by drying, hydrostatic profile After processing, copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier is prepared in the heat preservation sintering 3h at 850 DEG C of temperature;
(2) by 200g sulphur powder (S8) be placed in alumina crucible, it is put into baking oven, melts at 140 DEG C of temperature;
Later, the copper nanoparticle in step (1)-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier is immersed in sulfur melt, 1h is kept the temperature at 140 DEG C of temperature, later takes out lithia porous ceramics from sulfur melt, removes the adherency melt on surface, it is cold But to room temperature, highly conductive sulfenyl composite material is prepared;
(3) the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material prepared in step (2) is tested for the property, infiltration rate is 44.1%, Volume infiltration rate is 54.2%;
Later, as a positive electrode active material by highly conductive sulfenyl composite material, Li metal is to be full of Ar gas to electrode 2025 type button cells are assembled in glove box, and electrochemical property test is carried out to it, as a result are as follows: the constant current under 0.1C multiplying power Charge and discharge, discharge capacity is 755.6mAh/g for the first time, after 50 charge and discharge cycles, discharge capacity 687.8mAh/g.

Claims (4)

1. one kind is based on the highly conductive sulfenyl composite material of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode, which is characterized in that match including following parts by weight The raw material of ratio: 40~60 parts of micron order lithia ceramics particle, 30~50 parts of micron silicon diatomaceous earth, 6~15 parts of silicon are molten Glue, 10~20 parts of polyethylene glycol hole sealing agent, 100 parts of n-hexane solvent, 8~15 parts of copper nanoparticle (Cu), 200 parts of sulphur Sulphur powder (S8);
By conductive filler oxygen copper nanoparticle (Cu) and lithia (Li2O) porous ceramics is obtained finely dispersed by ball-milling treatment Copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier, using melting method of impregnation by elemental sulfur anode sulphur powder (S8) infiltration Into copper nanoparticle-lithia porous ceramics composite conducting carrier hole, highly conductive sulfenyl composite material is prepared.
2. sulfenyl composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the micron order lithia ceramics particle is put down Equal partial size≤75um.
3. sulfenyl composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the average grain diameter of the micron silicon diatomaceous earth≤ 48um。
4. sulfenyl composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the average grain diameter of the copper nanoparticle (Cu) 500nm。
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CN109698333A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-30 中国空间技术研究院 A kind of Lithium-sulphur battery anode material and its preparation method and application

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