Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings:
A kind of hydroturbine rotor non-roundness measurement method, comprising the following steps:
A, multiple air gap sensors 2 are circumferentially evenly arranged, are pasted on stator core inner wall;By a key phase
1 is pasted on stator core inner wall;Air gap value measured by an air gap sensors 2 in one hydroturbine rotor swing circle is pressed
It is come out according to pole arrangement, has just obtained the profile that rotor rotates a circle;
B, the acquisition of single out-of-roundness index: rotor is calculated using minimum two-multiply law and is rotated a circle the minimum two of profile
Multiply circle;It determines the relative position of central coordinate of circle Yu actual measuring center, the eccentricity and eccentric angle of rotor is determined with this, finally
The point on profile and the maximum distance Rmax between the center of circle of Least Square Circle and minimum range Rmin are found out, by maximum distance
Rmax and minimum range Rmin makees difference and obtains the out-of-roundness that difference Ei is the profile;
C, the acquisition of comprehensive out-of-roundness index: hydroturbine rotor rotation is turned around, N number of air gap sensors 2 of installation are passed through
Measuring N number of out-of-roundness index is E1, E2, E3 ... En;Hydroturbine rotor rotation is taken two turns, is passed by N number of air gap of installation
Sensor 2 measures 2*N out-of-roundness index, is analogized with secondary, obtains multiple out-of-roundness indexs;Again by multiple out-of-roundness achievement datas
It introduces abnormal data elimination method and arithmetic mean of instantaneous value extracts batch data characteristic value, obtain comprehensive out-of-roundness index.
Single out-of-roundness index is Ei, Ei=Rmax-Rmin (n of i=1,2,3 ...);
N*N achievement data is E1, E2, E3, E4 ... En;
Calculate its arithmetic mean of instantaneous value M;
Calculating residual error Vi=Ei-M, (i=1,2 ..., n), calculate standard deviation by Bessel Formula;Σ is calculated
Formula is as follows:
If meeting following formula
|Ei-M|>3σ
Then think that Ei is abnormal data, is rejected;
The average value of remaining data after calculating E1, E2, E2, E4 ... En rejecting abnormalities data Ei, i.e., comprehensive out-of-roundness refer to
It is designated as E:
E=(E1+E2+E3+ ... En)/n
Summed data in above formula does not include abnormal data Ei, data count n be summed data number and.
In step B, actual measuring center is the axis of rotation of rotor on rotor.
Turbine-generator units air gap status monitoring can monitor air gap in the application, both hydraulic generator rotor outer circle
The distance between stator inner circle.The monitoring of distance is realized as sampler using air gap sensors 2, sensor output
Be to apart from directly proportional voltage signal.When generator amature rotates one week (key is synchronised), every air gap sensors 2 and rotor
Corresponding air gap value is measured between every No.1 magnetic pole, is arranged in order and is constituted air gap figure.Rotor is calculated using minimum two-multiply law
Out-of-roundness.
Rotor often rotates a circle, and data measured by an air gap sensors 2 can calculate an out-of-roundness index, generally
For, each water turbine set can configure multiple air gap sensors 2 according to the difference of unit capacity and size, to revolve at one
The turn-week phase can measure the out-of-roundness index with air gap sensors 2 with quantity.Since air gap monitors system or the other operations of unit
Factor is used for early warning if we individually evaluate an out-of-roundness index, may have index accuracy not enough or miss
Alarm.Therefore we optimize on this basis, and Rye is introduced on the basis of multicycle index up to criterion to multiple parameter data
Do it is abnormal delete choosing processing, remaining index carries out more data feature values calculation methods again, not solve index accuracy not enough and not
Accurate bring false alarm has police not report, and improves the accuracy of out-of-roundness index algorithm.
The present invention specifically designs the following contents:
(1) installation of air gap sensors 2
As described in Figure 1: air gap sensors 2 are circumferentially evenly arranged, and are pasted on stator core inner wall, the quantity and cloth of measuring point
It sets and is determined according to parameters such as the pattern of hydrogenerator, capacity, size and stator core height, general stator core internal diameter is less than
4 are installed when 7.5m, install 8 when being more than or equal to 7.5m.Stator core height can be uniform at two layers of axial direction point when being greater than 2.75m
Arrangement.
As shown in Figure 1, the introducing of 1 key phase of key phase, allows us to extrapolate each air gap sensors 2 and exists
Which number magnetic pole is the corresponding air gap value that different moments are surveyed be.An air gap sensors 2 in a rotor swing circle
Measured air gap value comes out according to pole arrangement, has just obtained the profile that rotor rotates a circle.The waveform of air gap sensors 2 is defeated
Out as shown in Fig. 2, the gap in figure between arrow is exactly for we it will be seen that rotor magnetic pole successively passes through air gap sensors 2
To the air gap distance of air gap sensors 2, how many magnetic pole of rotor will generate corresponding magnetic pole in a swing circle
How many a air gaps, and be arranged successively.
(2) calculating of single out-of-roundness index
The definition of out-of-roundness, i.e. deviation from circular from: round shape deviates the degree of geometry circle.Its specific representation method be by
Actual profile is clipped between two concentric circles, and when the gap of this two geometry circle is minimum, the radius with the two geometry circle is only poor
To indicate the deviation from circular from of the profile.
Utilize the installation of air gap sensors 2, measurement.The profile that rotor rotates a circle has been obtained in we, utilizes minimum
Two multiply circule method, and we can calculate the Least Square Circle of the profile.Central coordinate of circle is determined, with actual measuring center (in rotor
Upper is exactly the axis of rotation of rotor) relative position, can determine the eccentricity and eccentric angle of rotor, can finally find out profile
On point and the center of circle of Least Square Circle between maximum distance Rmax and minimum range Rmin, the two values can be considered
The radius of above-mentioned two concentric circles, then this difference Ei is exactly the out-of-roundness of the profile.
Least Square Circle is an ideal circle, the principle for obtaining Least Square Circle be make from a point on profile to it is round away from
From quadratic sum it is minimum.
In above formula: Ri be practical outline to be measured on each point to least square center distance;
R is the radius of Least Square Circle;
According to British Standard and American National Standard, determine that the formula of Least Square Circle is as follows:
Above in formula, a, b and R are respectively the central coordinate of circle and radius of Least Square Circle.And every bit (x on profilei,
yi) it is exactly to be acquired according to the azimuth of surveyed air gap value and respective poles.
Principle by minimum two-multiply law Evaluation of Roundness Error is as shown in Figure 3;
The out-of-roundness Ei value such as following formula as can be seen that us is defined from Fig. 3 and deviation from circular from:
Ei=Rmax-Rmin (n of i=1,2,3 ...)
(3) composite accounting of out-of-roundness index
By upper it will be seen that working as generator amature during rotation, for each revolution, N number of air gap of installation is passed
It is E1, E2, E3 ... En that sensor 2, which will calculate N number of out-of-roundness index,.Rotor rotation takes two turns, and will generate 2*N out-of-roundness and refers to
Mark, is analogized with secondary.If using single out-of-roundness index as evaluation criterion, since air gap monitors system or unit other operations
Factor, it is understood that there may be situations such as individual index computational accuracies are not enough, data calculating is wrong causes false alarm or have police not report.For
The algorithm accuracy for improving out-of-roundness index avoids false alarm or has police not report, and then we are with 8 swing circles
Standard does integration algorithm to 8*N out-of-roundness index, finally obtains our out-of-roundness overall target E.
For 8*N out-of-roundness index, it is contemplated that there may be run it due to air gap condition monitoring device or unit
Measuring error caused by his factor, resulting achievement data are invalid, therefore we use Pauta criterion (3 σ standard
Abnormality value removing operation then) is carried out to achievement data first.Assuming that 8*N achievement data is E1, E2, E3, E4 ... En.It calculates
Its arithmetic mean of instantaneous value M and residual error Vi=Ei-M (i=1,2 ..., n), and standard deviation is calculated by Bessel Formula.Σ
Calculation formula is as follows
If meeting following formula
|Ei-M|>3σ
Then think that Ei is abnormal data, should reject.
The average value of remaining data after final calculating E1, E2, E2, E4 ... En rejecting abnormalities data Ei, is that we need
The comprehensive out-of-roundness index E of the generator amature wanted (referred to as comprehensive out-of-roundness index).Its formula is as follows
E=(E1+E2+E3+ ... En)/n
Illustrate: summed data in this formula does not include abnormal data Ei, data count n be summed data number and,
And not primary data number and.
Early warning is carried out by out-of-roundness index E, if E is less than or equal to rotor roundness tolerance standard, rotor roundness is qualified, if
E is greater than rotor roundness tolerance standard, then rotor roundness is unqualified, and issues warning information, instructs unit operations staff to unit
It checks or repairs, avoid the generation of unit operation major break down.
Invention effect:
The air gap between stator and rotor is acquired using air gap sensors 2, evaluates circularity using minimum two-multiply law
The method of error calculates multiple out-of-roundness indexs, using statistical theory, introduces to multiple out-of-roundness achievement datas abnormal
Data scalping method and arithmetic mean of instantaneous value extract batch data characteristic value, finally calculate the out-of-roundness index of our needs.
Out-of-roundness index pass through this optimization algorithm after, due to air gap monitoring system (such as some air gap sensors 2 loosen,
Some air gap sensors 2 precision itself not enough and certain road air gap signal conditioning circuit failure etc.) or unit other operation factors (ratios
As unit load amount is uprushed) the individual index measurement precision of bring are not enough and measuring error data will not influence out-of-roundness index
Accuracy in computation.Therefore the algorithm significantly improves the accuracy in computation of out-of-roundness index, avoids unit false alarm and refers to
The inaccurate situation of calculated result is marked, more accurate running state data support is provided for water turbine set safe operation, ensures machine
Group safe and stable operation.
The above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention within principle.